PHYSICAL FEATURES

     Austintown is township two of range three of the Connecticut Western Reserve.  It is bounded on the north by Weathersfield, Trumbull county, on the east aby Youngstown, on the south by Canfield, and on the west by Jackson.  The surface is quite level, excepting along the streams.  The soil is similar to that in other parts of the county, is easily tilled, and produces good crops.  Portions of it are stony, but there

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is a large number of excellent farms with good timber and pasture land.  The Meander and several small creeks flowing into it drain the western half of the township.  The eastern half has four small streams, the largest of which is known as Four-mile run, flowing towards the Mahoning.  Four-mile run rises southeast of Austintown center and flows north and northeasterly until it leaves the township near the corner.  Meander creek winds along the western border of the township, a part of its course being in Jackson, and enters Weathersfield township not far from the northwestern corner of Austintown. 
     The villages of the township are Austintown, West Austintown, and a part of Mineral Ridge.

ANCIENT WORKS.

     On the farm of J. H. Fitch, near the village, was pointed out to the writer a spot which the early settlers believed to have been an Indian burying-ground.  It is a space about three rods square, and at the time of its discovery by the whites, was loosely covered to the depth of several inches with small stones, which looked as though they had been thrown upon it.  When these had been removed, beneath them were found stones closely packed together, the most of them being flattish in shape and set up edge wise.  These stones vary in size, some being no larger than a man's fist, while others are as large as a man's head.  They are so closely imbedded that it is a difficult task to remove them.  Much of this curious structure yet remains undisturbed and is believed to extend downward a depth of several feet.  Why they were placed there and what they conceal still remains a mystery.  On the trees which stood near the spot were noticed marks made as if by a hatchet, showing that the prehistoric people had a path to the place, marked, as were the white man's first roads, by blazed trees.
     On the farm of Abraham Strock, west of the place above described, there is a work of similar nature, and likewise one on the Weaver farm, near West Austintown.  The two last mentioned are somewhat smaller than that on the Fitch place.  Some enterprising archaeologist might find here material worthy of his investigation.  These mounds or graveyards are all three situated near the Limestone run and were the densest part of the forest.
     The early settlers say that the Indians had a lead mine somewhere on the Meander, from which they obtained large supplies of ore for the manufacture of bullets.  They kept the spot a secret, however, and diligent search has failed to reveal it to the white man.

TIMBER.

The township was originally covered with a dense growth of timber.  From the Meander to the center or the Salt spring tract, there was a magnificent growth of white oak.  On the lowlands were maples, and in various parts of the township, chestnut, beech, hickory, ash, cucumber wood, poplar, etc.

EARLY RECORDS.

     The first records of the township have all been lost or destroyed.  Only those of recent date are now in possession of the township clerk, there fore the first officers’ names cannot be given.
     Among the first justices of the peace were James Russell, John Carlton, and William Truesdale. The township was named after Judge Austin, of Warren, who was its land agent.

SETTLEMENT.

     From the fact that many of the first settlers located here for only a short time, and then moved away, and owing to the meagre sources of information, the following account is not as complete as we should have made it, could we have found anybody at all well versed in the township's early history.

     JOHN McCOLLUM bought the first land in the township in 1798 and erected a cabin upon it the same year.  This cabin was on the farm now owned by his son Harvey, and was situated about one-half mile west of the township line, between Austintown and Youngstown.  Here he moved his family in 1800.  John McCollum was born in New Jersey, Dec. 25, 1770.  He married Jane (Hamson) Ayers, June 10, 1798.  She was born in New Jersey, Sept. 27, 1767, and married Robert Hamson, by whom she had five children: Elizabeth, Rachel, Michael, Jane, and Susan.  By Mr. McCollum she had eight children: David and Mary (twins), Robert, John, Daniel, Anna, Ira, and Harvey.  Mrs. McCollum was a woman of industry and economy, and largely assisted in paying for the farm by taking weaving to do. In the midst of an almost impenetrable wilderness, whose silence

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was unbroken save by the howling of wolves and the wild cries of bears, this worthy couple lived and completed their self-appointed task of securing a home for themselves and their children.  John McCollum died Apr. 7, 1849, a short time after his wife, who died Mar. 19, 1849.  Mr. McCollum was in the War of 1812 for a short time, under Colonel Rayen.  He was for many years a Baptist, afterwards joining the Disciples.  He was a life-long Democrat in politics.

     WENDALL GROVE, from Pennsylvania, settled where his son, John Grove, now resides, in 1801.

     JACOB PARKUS settled on the farm of Jacob Leach, who spent his life in the township.  John and Abraham Leach, brothers of Benjamin, also settled inthe eastern part of the township, and remained several years.

     JAMES RUSSELL was an early settler on land now owned by the widow Arms.  After he left the place Jacob Miller, then Theophilus Cotton,, owned the farm.  Russell was a captain of militia in early times.

     JOHN CARLTON settled on land now owned by the Webbs.  He moved to Lordstown, thence to Brookfield.

     The WEBB family came to the township in 1819.

     EDWARD JONES was an early settler on Four-mile run, who lived and died in the township.  He brought up a large family.  His son Seymour lived upon the old place until his death, some three years ago.  Caleb Jones, a brother of Edward, was an early settler in the same neighborhood.

     JOHN LANE was an early settler on a farm part of which is now owned by Thomas James.  He located in the woods, lived and died here.  Henry, one of his sons, lived on the old place after him; moved to Missouri, and is now dead.

     DAVID DILLON was an early settler on the farm now owned by Jonathan Edward, of Youngstown.  He was the first captain of militia in this township.  He sold out and moved west in this State, where he died.  William, Aaron, Asa, Jonathan, Jesse, Cyrus, and Eli were his sons.  Several of them are yet living in different parts of Ohio.

     ROBERT RUSSELL, in 1806, settled in Stony ridge, in the southwestern part of the township.  His parents came with him.  After locating here, Robert was married to Miss Hamson.  James, who resides in Jackson township; John, on the old place; Hamson, and Samuel, who died a few years ago, were his sons.

     JOHN DUNCAN was an early settler on the Hammon farm, in the southeastern part of the township.  He sold to Gaily.

     Among the earliest settlers were GEORGE GILBERT and family, who took up a farm adjoining the Russell farm on the east.  There was a large family.  George, the oldest son, settled in the western part of the township; his brother Jacob lived upon the old place.  Both are now dead.  Others of the family settled in different parts of the county.

     HENRY OHL located where D. Lawrence now resides, in1803.  The sons and daughters are now all dead, excepting, perhaps, one daughter.  Several members of the family resided for some time in the township and vicinity.  Henry, one of the sons, lived on a farm near the old place some years, and died in Canfield.  David and Michael were drafted for the War of 1812, but got only as far as Youngstown when they were returned.  Henry Ohl, Sr., was a blacksmith, and had a shop on the farm.  He was possessed of a good property, and was considered a shrewd careful business man.  Michael, David, Jacob, John, Abraham, Henry, and Jonathan were his sons, and Eve, Mary, and Polly the daughters.  When the family came to the township the road had just been "slashed out," and they were obliged to clamber over the fallen logs to reach their home.  In very early times the women were sitting one day on the porch of their two-story log house, when their little dog came out from under the porch barking fiercely.  On investigating to learn the cause of his excitement, they discovered a monster rattlesnake upon the stone steps.  Eve, a female gifted with a different spirit from the first lady by that name, procured as stick, killed the serpent, and hung its body upon the gate.  The reptile was so long that it touched the ground on both sides of the gate.

     JAMES J. RUSSELL, from Pennsylvania, came about 1806.  He died in 1870.  He was a soldier of 1812.  He was the father of ten children, six sons and four daughters, seven of whom are yet living, only two of them in this township, viz: 

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Mrs. Jane Moore and Mrs. Davis Randolph.

[Portrait of David Anderson]

[Portrait of Hannah L. Anderson]

     JOHN TRUESDALE was an early settler about one-half mile southwest of the center.  He brought up a large family, none of whom are now living.  His sons, John, James and William, all married, lived, and died in the township upon the old farm.

     ROBERT FULLERTON settled on the southwest corner lot of the center, cleared up a farm and brought up a large family.  His oldest son, Andrew, lived for a time in Austintown, then moved to Pennsylvania.  The two next in age, Samuel and Joseph, sold their interest in the property to their youngest brother, Robert, who owned the whole farm a number of years.  He died in Girard.  None of the original family are now living.

     WILLIAM WICK, an early settler in the eastern part, had the first bearing orchard in Austintown.

     ANTHONY and HENRY WEATHERSTAY were early settlers near the Four-mile run.  Their sons and daughters are all now either dead or moved away.

     JACOB WISE was an early settler in the same neighborhood.  His sons, John and Jacob, still live in the township.

     JACOB HARDING, son of John Harding, an early inhabitant of Canfield, located on the place now owned by his son John, in 1808.  The farm had been somewhat improved and cleared previously by a family of negroes by the name of Sisco.  Jacob Harding had one son and four daughters.  The son and three of the daughters are still living.

     ARCHIBALD EWING settled on the farm now occupied by his son John at about the same date.  His children are Alexander, Thomas, William, John, Archibald, and Anna.  Archibald lived and died in the township.  Alexander and Thomas moved to Columbiana county, and William to Pittsburg.

     The COTTON FAMILY were among the first settlers.  Joshua, a captain of militia, lived and died in the township.  Theophilus settled on part of the old farm, resided there several years, then moved north.  John took a part of the old farm, sold out and moved away.

     JAMES HENRY lived and died upon a farm about one-half mile south of the center, and brought up five or six children.  One of the daughters, Mrs. Mary Grove, still resides in the township.

     FREDERICK MOHERMAN in 1803 settled in the eastern part of the township.  His sons, Daniel and Winchester, still reside in the township, and are reckoned among its prosperous farmers.  Three sons also reside in Jackson.

     THOMAS REED settled on the road running south from the center quite early.  His widow is still living upon the old farm with her son Stephen.  Amos also lives on the same road.

     HENRY STRACK settled in the south part of the township; lived and died upon the farm now owned by Henry Crum, second.  His sons were Henry, Samuel, John, William, Joseph, and Jacob.  Several of his descendants now reside in the township.

     JACOB HARROFF settled in Canfield, then moved to this township.  By his first marriage the children were John and Elizabeth, both of whom died in Portage county.  By his second marriage the sons were Jacob, Andrew, William, and Lewis, all of whom lived and died in Austintown.  Susan, Leah, and Rachel were the three daughters.

     HENRY CRUM was an early settler at Smith's corners.

     ABRAHAM WOLFCALE and his sons, John and Abraham, were quite early settlers on the road east of the center.

     HENRY BRUNSTETTER was an early settler in the southeast of the township.

     GEORGE FULK settled north of the center and in the western part of the township.  The family scattered and died.

     The HARSHMANS were also early settlers.  Jacob, David, and Matthias resided in the township several years.

     JOHN JORDAN, a native of Ireland, came to the township in 1812.  Previous to his coming here he had resided a few years in Poland township.  His farm was one of the adjoining on the west that now owned by his son, J. S. Jordan.  His family consisted of five sons and five daughters.  Two of the sons are yet living - James Jordon, in Crawford county, Pennsylvania,  and J. S. Jordan.  The father died in 1824, and the mother  some years after.  Abraham and James lived upon the old farm some years.

     The WHITMAN TRACT, a part of the Salt springs tract, contained eight hundred acres, and be-

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longed to the Whitman Heirs in Connecticut.  Samuel Whitman cleared up a part of it, and settled at the center.  Until about forty-five years ago no other clearing had been made upon the land.

     In 1812 FREDERICK SHIVELY, settled upon the place where his son George, one of the oldest residents of the township, is now living.

     The first white child born in Austintown township was JOHN McCOLLUM, son of the first settler.  The date of his birth was 1803.  He settled in Milton township, where he died in the fall of 1881.

EARLY DAYS.

     Every cabin was a factory where clothing was manufactured.  Busy hands kept the spinning wheel and loom buzzing and slamming early and late.  The number of mouths to feed and bodies to clothe was large in almost every household.  Shoes were used sparingly, for new pairs might not be forthcoming when the old were gone.  Often the girls and women could be seen walking to church barefooted, carrying shoes and stockings, which they put on when near the house.  Tow and linen, buckskin, and similar goods, “home made,” were the clothing worn by males of all ages.  The girls' best dresses were frequently spun and woven by the wearer.  An old resident remarks that the young ladies were just as pretty in those days as now, but could one of our fashionably dressed belles have stepped among them, some might have gone wild with envy and excitement.
     Bears and wolves abounded, and it required the utmost vigilance to protect stock from them.  Sheep, especially, often fell a prey to their ravages.  At night the howling of the wolves could be heard in all directions.  Deer were often shot, and furnished the early settlers an amount of meat of no small importance.

THE FIRST CHURCH.

was a small log building, built by the Presbyterians on the Webb farm in the northern part of the township.  It must have been built nearly seventy years ago.  Later they erected a small frame church mentioned elsewhere.

THE FIRST SCHOOLS.

     Of these little can be learned.  They were usually kept in some log-cabin, which the thrifty old settler had abandoned for a more comfort able home.  The children of those days had small advantages for gaining an education.  As the schools were all conducted on the tuition plan, only those parents who were able to pay could send their children.
     One of the first school-houses was situated near the spot where the Disciple church now stands.  It was made of hewed logs, and contained a huge stone chimney.  Asa Dillon and Elias Wick taught there years ago.  Few of their pupils are now living.
     A school was taught in a log-cabin on the Shively farm at an early date.  Mr. John Grove, born in 1813, says that John Fullerton was the first teacher he remembers.
     The spelling-book and the Bible were the principal text-books used.  School-boy nature was then much the same as now, but mischief was not so openly carried on, for the rod was used unsparingly.
     In 1812 there were several schools taught in log-cabins in various parts of the township.  Isaac Alley was an early teacher in a cabin on the farm of Jacob Parkus.

TAXES LONG AGO.

     We give below a list of the tax-payers of Austintown in 1803, and the amount of their taxes for that year.   The whole amount ($9.22) could not have been enough to pay the expenses of assessing and collecting, unless, as was probably the case, county officers were content with a less salary than those of the present day.

AUSTINTOWN, RANGE THREE, TOWN TWO.

CHURCH HISTORY.

     The inhabitants of Austintown have always held various religious beliefs.  On account of death and removals the membership of the dif-

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ferent churches is now quite small.  There are, however, many earnest and sincere Christians in the township who have labored long and bravely to keep alive the religious interests.

THE DISCIPLES.

     Elder Bently, of Warren, Walter Scott, of Pittsburg, and William Hayden, of this township, started what was known as the reformation, which resulted in the building of this church.  The Disciples organized in 1828, and soon afterwards erected a church building in the north eastern part of the township on Four-mile run, which was used until the present house was built, in 1860 or 1861.  John Henry and William Hayden were the first elders.  Ira McCullom, Mrs. Jane Henry, the Hayden family, John Lane, and several of the Lantermans, Dillons, Lanes, and others were among the earliest members.  William Hayden and John Henry were among the first preachers.  Alexander Campbell often preached in the church.  The Disciples have now about one hundred and twenty members, and hold services regularly.

THE BAPTISTS.

were formerly quite numerous in this part of the township.  They had an organization and held meetings in the Osborn school-house in Youngstown, also in a log church situated at the four corners between Austintown, Canfield, Board man, and Youngstown townships.  Many of them became members of the Disciples, and soon after the latter denomination built their church they disbanded.

THE PRESBYTERIANS.

also had an organization and a church quite early.  It was known as the Rehoboth Presbyterian church.  They built a house one mile north of the center, which was afterwards moved to Ohltown on the north line of the township, where it remained until recently.

THE COVENANTERS.

or Reformed Presbyterians, built a house at Austintown center in 1844.  The building was erected by the combined subscriptions of citizens of all denominations, with the agreement that it was to be used by any denomination when the Covenanters did not want it for their meetings.  Among the principal subscribers
were James Jordan, Abraham Jordan, Scott Jordan, Caldwell and William Porter. James Truesdale and John Truesdale were both elders and prominent members.  The first regular preacher was Rev. McCrackoran.  Since his time the preaching has been by various ministers sent by the presbytery.  Formerly the church was quite large, there being about one hundred members shortly after the house was built.

EVANGELICALS.

     The Evangelical church, West Austintown, was organized about 1841, and the house erected about 1853.  The first meeting was held in Jacob Harroff's barn.  The first prayer-meeting was at the house of Mrs. Catharine Gilbert.  Meetings were held in private houses, barns, school-houses, groves, etc., for some time.  Among the early members were Valentine Boley, Christina Gilbert, George Ohl, Conrad Lodwick, George Shaffer, Mary Kisner, and Betsey Ripple.
     The first preacher was Rev. Joseph Long, Revs. Staley, Stofer, and Swartz were also early preachers in this church.
     The society is small at present, as the most of the old members have died and their places have not been refilled.

THE UNITED BRETHREN,

West Austintown.  A class was formed about 1859, comprising about ten members, among them being Sylvanus Pennell and wife, Leah Shaffer, Ira Wilcox and wife, Matthias McMahan and wife, and others.  The first pastor was Rev. J. Knight.  Other pastors——J. K. Sweihart, H. F. Day, David Kosht, and others.  First presiding elder, Eli Schlutz.  The house was built in 1863.  The church now has about forty-five members, and maintains regular service.

THE EVANGELICAL EBENEZER CHURCH,

at Smith's corners, was organized in 1861, and the house of worship erected in 1861–62.  John Gilbert, Henry Smith, and David Strock were the building committee.  The principal subscribers were: J. P. Snyder, David Strock, Michael Buck, Jonas Naff.  Number of members in 1862, seventeen.  The church was dedicated Dec. 21, 1862, Bishop Joseph Long, Presiding Elder J. L. Sibert, Revs. G. S. Domer and S. Wantersal being present.  The first preachers were G. S. Domer and S. Wantersal for the years 1862 and 1863.  Other pastors—J. D. Hollenger, Abraham Leohnar, J. J. Barn

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hart, Isaac Roller, John Domer, – Weaver, John Carmony, and Mr. Haupt, the minister now in charge.  The church is small. Services are held every two weeks.

WEST AUSTINTOWN.

     This thriving little settlement, a station on the Niles & New Lisbon railroad, has been built since the completion of that road in 1869.  The first store was kept by D. B. Blott.  He was afterwards in company with Homer Williams, and later with Wesley Ohl.  Calhoun & Hardman kept store, in the building now occupied by Wesley Ohl, for about four years, commencing in 1871. The Anderson block was built by Robert McClure in 1871.  The hotel was built the same year by James Kane, of Youngstown.  He run this as a hotel until 1875, and still owns the property, but rents it.  Wesley Ohl's store was built in 1871 by Calhoun, Hartman & Baldwin.  The store occupied by Mr. Booker was built by him in 1871–72, but has been enlarged twice.  He has been in business as a hardware dealer since 1872; has carried a stock of drugs during the past year.
     The post-office was established in 1870, Winsor Calhoun postmaster, succeeded by Wesley Ohl, the present incumbent.
     The stores in West Austintown are now as follows: Wesley Ohl, J. T. McConnell, general merchandise; Anderson & Brother, groceries; James Booker, hardware and drugs.
     The physicians of West Austintown have been many, considering the short time since the village started.  Dr. J. T. McKinley, now of Niles, opened an office here about 1870.  He did not reside here, but in Jackson; had a drug store in West Austintown, and considerable practice, much of which he still continues.  Dr. G. E. Rose, who had been a student in the office of Dr. McKinley, bought out the drug store and practiced here some five years, then moved to Birmingham, Erie county, having disposed of his stock of drugs to B. F. Phillips, of North Jackson.  Dr. Kline was the next physician, for a short time.  Dr. L. B. Ruhelman, of Green, next practiced about two years, then moved to North Lima.  Dr. S. T. Keese, of North Jackson, has practiced in this place three or four years; he opened an office here last spring.  Dr. I. W. Bard, of Mineral Ridge, located here in 1881

AUSTINTOWN CENTER

is a thriving little country village or “cross roads,” pleasantly and prettily located. It was not settled so early as other parts of the township, although more than sixty years have elapsed since the first house was located here.
     The first store was kept on the southwest corner by Alexander Thompson, probably as early as 1822.  Soon after him Dr. Alfred Packard started a small store on the corner where Corll's tavern stands.  Dr. Packard sold out to James Hezlip, who started Caldwell Porter in business in 1830.  Caldwell Porter afterwards moved to the southwest corner, where he continued business until about 1848.  He came here a poor Irish boy, but by his unwavering industry, energy, and scrupulous attention to business, he became quite wealthy.  A few years after he settled here he returned to Ireland and married, and then came back to his store.  He was widely respected during his residence here, and his successful business career may well be pointed out to the young as an example of what pluck and strict attention to business are able to accomplish.  From Austintown he went to Cincin nati, and there, too, he prospered.  He is now dead.  Few country merchants can point to a more prosperous record than that left by him on the minds of the people of Austintown.
     Judge Rayen started a store here—date not known, perhaps 1830—on the corner where the Doncaster house is, and employed Cornelius Thompson to keep it. About 1834 he built the brick store on the northwest corner.  The business changes have been so many that it is not very easy to trace them.  John Cotton kept store on the southeast corner in 1831–32.  Joseph McCaughtesy kept a public house, and later a clothing store on the same corner.  He put up the greater part of the present hotel, and was quite a successful business man for several years.  William Porter was in company with his brother a short time, then bought him out, and continued as a merchant here until 1857.  Austin Corll kept a tailoring and clothing establishment for several years.  Isaac Hoover and Levi Crum, who acted as clerks for William Porter, were merchants in this place a number of years.  John Lanterman kept in brick store a short time.
     Who kept the first tavern we are unable to learn.  Alexander McKinney, Snyder, Whitsal,

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Robert Fullerton, and others, have kept the house now owned by Corll.
     The business of the place at present is represented by the following: Meander house, Eli Corll, Doncaster house, J. P. Hill; Fitch, Smith & Co., and Abram Forney, general stores; E. Creps, undertaker and furniture dealer.  There is also a blacksmith and wagon-shop, a shoe maker's shop, and a harness shop.
     The post-office was probably established as early as 1820.  His successors' names cannot be learned.
     The first physician was Dr. Peer.  Dr. Alfred Packard was the only one who resided here for any great length of time.  He was a son of Thomas Packard, an early settler in the southeastern part of the township.

COAL MINES

     The first mine opened at West Austintown was the Harroff slope, where operations were begun in 1870 by John M. Owen, John Stambaugh, and others, under the name of the Harroff Coal company.  The Harroff slope having become exhausted, in the fall of 1880 this company sank a shaft and commenced mining on the Jordan farm.  The shaft is one hundred and seventy-one feet deep.  They employ about sixty-five men and produce about one hundred and thirty tons of coal per day.
     In 1871 the New Lisbon Coal company opened the Pennell mine and are still working it successfully.  The slope is about four hundred and fifty feet and the coal of prime quality.  This company employs about seventy-five men and mines about two hundred and fifty tons per day.
     The Anderson Coal company opened a bank on the Anderson farm in 1878, which they worked for a short time, but as it was not successful the mine was abandoned.
     Dalzell & Coal, of Niles, have commenced work on a new bank just north of West Austintown on a new bank just north of West Austintown during the present summer of 1881.
     The Tod, Wells & Co. bank, on the farm of Henry Kyle, near Mineral Ridge, was opened and a shaft sunk about 1858, and has been quite successfully and largely operated up to the present time.  Morris, Robbins & Co. leased the mine and operated it for some time, but it is now in the hands of Tod, Wells & Co.
     The Ohltown bank, Harris, Maurer & Co., was opened about 1868, and worked quite extensively until 1880, when it was exhausted.
     The McKinney shaft on the Tibbetts farm near Mineral Ridge was begun in 1871 by Henry Smith & Co., and afterwards worked by Powers & Wick, and Warner, Arms & Co.  During the last five years it has not been in operation.
     The Thornton bank was on the old Cleveland farm.  Operations were commenced in 1870 by Case, Thornton & Co., under the name of the Ohltown Coal company.  Some of the bank is still worked by the John Henry Mining company, who sank a shaft about three years ago.  They employ about sixty men and produce about one hundred tons daily.
     The Leadville shaft on the Lanterman farm was commenced some eight years ago.  A great deal of capital has been expended upon this mine, but the water in it has always been troublesome.  During the summer of 1881 a fire in this shaft caused great damage.
     The mines just mentioned are only the most important.  There are many small banks which have been operated on a small scale.  The mining interest in Austintown is of great importance.  The supply of coal will doubtless continue to hold out many years.

OTHER BUSINESS INTERESTS.

     The township contains many deposits of iron ore, both of the kidney and balck-band varieties.  Before the days of railroads or__ taken out and hauled to the furnaces in considerable quantities.
     Limestone of good quality has been quarried in many parts of the township, and the supply is almost inexhaustible.  Several lime-kilns have been in successful operation.  There are also quarries of sandstone and of flagstone yielding good material.
     A mill for crushing and grinding limestone, to be used as a fertilizer, has recently been set up in the southern part of the township by Calhoun & Co.
     The first and only furnace for the reduction of iron ore in this township was the Meander furnace, built by William Porter and others near Ohltown.
     The only grist-mill, so far as is known, was built by William Irvin on Four-mile run, near the northeastern corner of the township.  Al-

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though it was a small affair, it did considerable work for several years.
     There were no saw-mills at an early date.  The first one was built some thirty-five years ago in the eastern part of the township, south of the center road.  It was built by Andrew J. Brickley.  A few years later Harvey McCollum built a saw-mill on the same stream or "run," near the township line.  These, with the steam saw-mills of recent date, are believed to have been the only ones in the township.
     John Justice, recently deceased, operated a tannery north of the center on the Ohltown road for many years.  Robinson Young also had a tannery in the southwestern part of the township for some years.
     Many of the early settlers operated small copper stills, which they turned to account by using up their surplus grain, and putting it into a more salable form.
     Henry Ohl built a mill upon his land at an early date for the manufacture of linseed oil.  It was upon a small stream on the D. Lawrence place.  There was a dam and a mill race some eighty rods in length.  A part of the latter is still visible.  This oil mill was one of the first built in this part of the country, but it was not a success.
     Robinson Young settled in the township in 1826, and soon afterwards built a tannery, which he operated in company with his brother William.  They boarded at Archibald Ewing's for seventy-five cents per week each.  The tannery contained about twelve vats.  The Youngs cut and closed boots and shoes  and had them bottomed, and in this way disposed of their leather.  Robinson Young used to work on the shoe bench with the Bible open before him, diligently studying its pages.  It is said that he learned the book almost by heart in this way.

GRAVEYARDS.

     Of these there are five in the township.  That known as the Brunstetter graveyard is the oldest, and was laid out as early as 1823.  The first burial made there was the body of John Doane, a grandson of Robert Russell, one of earliest settlers.  Doane died when quite a young man.  William Truesdale was the next person buried there, probably in 1823.  The next year twenty-two children were carried off by dysentery in less than two weeks, and all were buried in this graveyard.
     The graveyard adjoining the Disciples' church is probably the next oldest.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.

     WILLIAM PORTER
 (w/ Portraits of William Porter and Mrs. Wm. Porter)

     DAVID ANDERSON

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NOTES OF SETTLEMENT.

     CHARLES GILBERT, farmer, Austintown township, Mahoning county, was a native of Pennsylvania.  About the year 1821 he came to Mahoning county, where he remained four years, and then bought a farm north of Warren, on which he lived until his death.  He was of German descent, his grandfather having come from Germany.  His father, George Gilbert, came to Ohio several years in advance of him. Charles Gilbert married Magdalene Miller, a native of the same State, by whom he had nine children— Mary, Hannah, Benjamin, Elizabeth, Manly, Susan, Margaret, David, and Catharine.  Hannah, widow of Thomas Reed; Benjamin, who resides in Warren; Susan, who married Martin Bear and resides in Hicksville; and Margaret, who married James Morgan, and now lives in Western Ohio, are still living.  Mrs. Gilbert's parents were also from Germany.

     WILLIAM H. BURFORD, undertaker, Mineral Ridge, Ohio, was born in Swansea, Glamorganshire, Wales, March, 1813.  He was educated in the Swansea academy, and the Carmarthen academy, also at the Academy of Bristol, England.  At one time he studied with the intention of entering the ministry, but afterwards gave it up.  He was apprenticed to a linen draper at Carmarthen, and after thoroughly learning the trade, he procured a situation at London, and worked in that and other places for a number of years.  He had determined to emigrate to this country and locate in Texas, but did not at that time.  Preferring some other trade to the one he had adopted he learned that of cabinet-making.  He finished this trade when about twenty-seven, and for about three years subsequent was engaged as a teacher in the country schools, and was usher in the grammar school at Swansea for a time.  Feb. 6, 1849, he was married to Mary E. Jenkin, by whom he has three children—William R., born Feb. 5, 1850; Sarah Louisa, Nov. 27, 1859; Maggie E., June 17, 1862.  Two years after his marriage he emigrated to America, finally settling in Scranton, Pennsylvania, where he resided some six years.  In the fall of 1856 he came to Mineral Ridge. Here he engaged in his business of the manufacture of furniture, and undertaking, in which he still continues.  He is a member of the Episcopal church and of the so-

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ciety, “Temple of Honor.”  In politics he is a Prohibitionist.  Mr. Burford is the pioneer business man of Mineral Ridge.

     STEPHEN ANDERSON (deceased) was a native of Ireland.  He was born June 21, 1799, and came when a small child with his parents to America.  His parents were among the early pioneers of Trumbull county, having settled in Liberty township about 1802.  Stephen was raised upon the farm and after he became old enough he was given the management of a large farm and a saw mill.  He married on his nineteenth birthday —June 21, 1818–Elizabeth McKinley of Trumbull county, and had a family of ten children: James, Eliza, Margaret, William, Nancy, Hannah, Mary, Silas, John and Alvin.  James and Mary are deceased.  He was a member of the Presbyterian church, as was also his wife.  In politics he was a Democrat.  He died July 9, 1872, and his wife Dec. 7, 1879.

     SILAS ANDERSON, grocer, West Austintown, Mahoning county, son of Stephen and Elizabeth Anderson, was born in Liberty township, Trumbull county, Feb. 2, 1836.  He worked upon the farm and in the saw-mill until he was about twenty years of age, the last two working for himself.  He then engaged for two years in the livery business at Austintown.  During the next few years he operated in coal, engaged principally in prospecting, leasing and drilling.  He then moved upon the farm where he now lives, near West Austintown.  Some four years ago he
started a grocery store at West Austintown, and soon after purchased the brick block in which his business is located.  May 7, 1861, he was united in marriage to Mary, daughter of William Hawser, who was born Mar. 24, 1843.  They had five children, three of whom are living, viz: Edward, born Jan. 18, 1865; Manning, born Feb. 1, 1867, Laura, born July 9, 1880.

     LEVI CRUM, dealer in wool, etc., Austintown township, Mahoning county, was born in Austintown township Feb. 7, 1832.  He is the fourth of nine children of John Crum, born in Pennsylvania, but who came to this county when John Crum's father, Henry Crum, Sr., was a native of Pennsylvania, and a farmer by occupation.  He was a soldier in the War of 1812.  He was the father of five children:  John, Jonathan, Lydia, Henry, and Samuel.  Only Jonathan and Henry are now living.
     John Crum was a farmer and stock-dealer, a man well and favorably known as a successful business man.  His wife was Catharine Fenstemaker, of Bedford county, Pennsylvania.  They had nine children, viz: Eli, Gideon, Mary, Levi, Susan, Margaret, Sarah (deceased), Amanda, and John (deceased).  Mr. Crum was a Presbyterian, and in politics a Democrat.  He died Nov. 14, 1873, in his seventy-second year.  His wife died Oct. 3, 1875, in her seventy-fifth year.
     Levi Crum remained at home until of age, then engaged in clerking for four years, after which he bought out Joseph McCaughtery and kept a general merchandise store for eight years.  Then he had J. H. Fitch as his partner for eight years, and afterwards A. Forney for three years.  About five years ago Mr. Crum sold out to Forney & Raver and since then he has been in the wool business.  On the 7th of February, 1857, he married Meno Winters, who came from Germany when ten years of age.  This marriage resulted in two children, one of whom died in infancy.  The oldest, Lillie F., was born Sept. 6, 1858.  She married William S. Fairman, of Youngstown.  Mr. Crum's wife died in January, 1864.  Mar. 20, 1866, he married Eunice Grove, nee Ousborne.  She had two children by her former marriage, Minnie and Lulu Grove.  Mr. Crum is a Presbyterian, and in politics a Democrat.  He is a thorough business man, and his integrity and genial disposition have gained him many friends.

     ADAM FLICK, farmer, Austintown township, Mahoning county, son of Frederick and Mary Flick, old time residents of Tuscarora valley, in what is now Juniata county, Pennsylvania, was born in said State, Apr. 6, 1783.  Sept. 2, 1806, he amrried Elizabeth Polm, daughter of John Polm.  To them eleven children were born:  John, born Apr. 3, 1807; Jacob, Mar.24, 1809; Benjamin, Jan. 28, 1811; Samuel, Feb. 25, 1813; Sarah, Jan. 7, 1815; Thomas, Mar. 2, 1817; William, Dec. 4, 1818; Margaret, Dec. 8, 1820; Susan, Dec. 28, 1822; Nancy, Mar. 12, 1825, and Mary, May 25, 1829.  Margaret, Mary, and Susan, died in infancy.  Benjamin, Jacob, and Samuel have died within the last six years.  Jacob married Henrietta Rumsy, of Austintown, and removed to Mercer county, Pennsylvania;

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Benjamin married Jane Gibson, daughter of Robert Gibson, of Trumbull county, and lived for a number of years at Farmington; Samuel married Mary, a sister of Henrietta Rumsy, and afterward moved to Lordstown; John married Mariah McCoy, and resides in Lordstown; Sarah, wife of Samuel Cook, lives on the home place; Nancy, wife of Michael Diehl, lives in Wells county, Indiana.  Adam Flick, with his family, came to Austintown township in 1824, and lived for the first four years on the Buck farm.  He bought for $3.50 per acre one hundred acres of wild land, upon which he built a log house in the fall of 1828, and moved into it in the following spring.  At once began the task of clearing away the forest and making fertile fields in the wilderness, and raising therefrom, not only food for the family, but the means with which to pay for the farm.  They came with one wagon and three horses, two of which died soon after their arrival.  Years of steady toil had its effect upon the stubborn forest, and Adam Flick lived to see the wilderness become almost a garden, and the region round about possessing all the advantages of civilized life.  His life, which was one of many hardships, closed Apr. 28, 1851.  His wife could read English and German with ease, although her attendance at school lasted but about six months.  She did her part fully in making a home in the wilderness, and died Feb. 29, 1843.

[Portraits & Biography of Mr. & Mrs. William Porter]

     THOMAS FLICK, farmer, son of Adam Flick, was born in Pennsylvania, Mar. 2, 1817.  He, like his father, received but little schooling, but by observation has succeeded in gaining much valuable knowledge, which has made him a first class farmer and business man.  His brother William had but little better school advantages.  Together they have added to the old farm, and now have over two hundred acres, which is one of the best managed farms in the county.  They deal largely in horses and cattle.  Both are Republicans, practical farmers, and worthy men.  They have lived in the same school district over fifty seven years.

     FREDERICK MOHERMAN, one of the earliest pioneers of Austintown township, was a native of Maryland.  On account of the destruction of property during the Revolutionary war, he and an uncle moved to Washington county, Pennsylvania.  He was then about sixteen years of age, and remained in Pennsylvania several years, when he and a family by the name of Park came to Austintown to look at the country.  He subsequently came out again, and then purchased a hundred and fifty acres in the southeast corner of Austintown township, erected a cabin and made a clearing.  He then returned to Washington county, Pennsylvania, and married Mary Horn, and the next spring he moved out and settled in Austintown, where he spent the remainder of his life.  When he settled there the Indians had not disappeared, and the wild animals were far more plenty than neighbors.  There were no roads for miles around, and no mills.  With these surroundings he and his young wife began housekeeping.  They both lived to witness vast changes wrought, and to see the wilderness become a prosperous region.  They had nine children, as follows: John, Abraham, Daniel, Robert, Ann (now Mrs. Woodward, of Lordstown), Betsy, who died when about twenty; Austin, who resides at Ashland, Ohio; Rachel, who married George Lynn, of Canfield, and Winchester, who lives on the old homestead.  Daniel lives near him in Austintown, and the three other brothers live in Jackson.

     ROBERT MOHERMAN, the fourth son of Frederick Moherman, was born in Austintown township, Mahoning county, Feb. 11, 1809.  He received his education in the pioneer subscription schools, but after he got to be of a size to work, he was permitted to attend even those but little.  When about twenty-seven he began clearing and improving the farm on which he now lives, boarding with a family that occupied the place some nine years.  In October, 1840, he was married to Catharine, daughter of Robert McCain, of Ellsworth township.  This marriage was blessed with four children: Robert, John, Seth, and Mary Ellen, who became the wife of Ogden Rose.  Mr. Moherman cast his first vote for Andrew Jackson; he is now a Republican.

     WENDELL GROVE, deceased, was a native of Northumberland county, Pennsylvania.  He was a carpenter by trade, but principally a farmer by occupation.  From Northumberland he went to Beaver, Pennsylvania, where he married Miss May, by whom he had five children: Katie, David, Benjamin, Susan, and Elizabeth.  This wife dying, he married Jane Coon, of Juniata county, Pennsylvania.  They had eight children:

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Jacob, Andrew, Maria, Eve, John, Abraham, Joseph, and Reuben, of whom Jacob and the two daughters are dead.  Between the birth of the second and third child, they removed to their new home in the wilderness, settling in Austintown township, where he purchased about two hundred acres of land at $1.25 an acre.  This farm is now occupied by his son John.  About two years prior to his moving here with his family, he came and cleared a piece of land and made other preparations for his removal.  He arrived at his new home on the third day of April, 1800.  There were no neighbors nearer than five miles, and wild animals were numerous and often troublesome.  He was a great hunter, as well as a hard working farmer.  He had been in the war of the Revolution, and lived to the great age of ninety-nine years and six months.  He witnessed, during his long life, which closed in Springfield township, Dec. 19, 1849, great and important changes—greater than many are permitted to see.   His wife survived him until Mar. 27, 1857.  Both were members of the Lutheran church.

     JOHN GROVE, farmer, Austintown township, was born in Mahoning county Jan. 4, 1813.  He is the fifth child of Wendell Grove.  He remained upon the farm with his father until he reached the age of twenty, when he went to Youngstown and learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed for some six years.  For several years he was engaged in various occupations until at length he bought the old homestead, where he now lives.  He now has two hundred and thirty-two acres of land under good cultivation.  His farm is managed as a stock farm. He married, Jan. 11, 1838, Mary McCullick, a native of Canfield township.  They have had five children—Rosina, Orlando R., Melvina, Florence E., and C. G. The third child died when quite small.

     ROGERS HILL was born in Sussex county, Delaware, Jan. 31, 1799. When he was five weeks old his parents removed to Redstone, Pennsylvania, where they remained two years, when they moved to the forks of the Beaver in Columbiana county, where they remained until Rogers was of age.  He was the oldest of ten children of Robert and Patience Rogers Hill, both natives of Delaware. Grandfather Rogers was an Englishman and a sea captain.  On his father's side they were from Holland.  Rogers Hill took up shoemaking, which he followed for twenty-one years in Pennsylvania and Ohio.  Sept. 20, 1820, he married Eliza Chambers, a native of Pennsylvania and daughter of W. Chambers, also a native of Pennsylvania.  Her ancestors were from Ireland. Their children are John, Robert, William, Eliza, Jane, Joseph, George, Matthew, Patience, Mary, Ann, Alvira, and James.  The mother died Feb. 4, 1873.  Apr. 9, 1874, he married Phoebe Anderson of Hubbard, Trumbull county.  From Little Beaver he removed, in 1833, to Ohltown, where he resided several years engaged in farming.  He then moved to the mouth of Little Hocking in Washington county, where he remained thirty years, attending a wood yard.  September, 1872, he returned to Austintown township.

     JAMES P. HILL, hotel-keeper, Austintown, Mahoning county, youngest child of Rogers Hill, was born in Wood county, now West Virginia, Mar. 4, 1845.  He attended the common schools of his native State and for one year the Iron City college of Pittsburg.  When nineteen he was apprenticed to a blacksmith and served three years.  After working at his trade one year he went upon the Ohio river as cabin watchman on a boat which ran between Cincinnati and Louisville, in which he continued for some time, and then established a wagon shop at Parkersburg.  In this business he continued a year and then came to Austintown, where he carried on his trade for a short time and then commenced the business in which he is now engaged.  Some two years since he went to Jackson and kept the Jackson house.  In the spring of 1881 he purchased the Northwestern house at Austintown, and is still located there, and is now proprietor of the Doncaster house.  He was married, Oct. 18, 1870, to Lucy Strock, born Oct. 21, 1846, and daughter of Abraham Strock, of Austintown township.  They have four children, viz: Guy, born Feb. 5, 1872; Minnie, Aug. 28, 1874; Edna, Dec. 24, 1876; Earl, Nov. 27, 1879.  In politics Mr. Hill is a Democrat.

     LEWIS HARROFF, JR., farmer, Austintown township, Mahoning county, was born in said township May 13, 1833.  He is the third child of Lewis Harroff, Sr., who was a native of Pennsylvania and who came to Mahoning county when

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but two years of age, settling first in Boardman township.  His father, Jacob Harroff, was a shoemaker by trade, and before his marriage was a soldier in the Revolution.  He married Kittie Kline.  They had eight children—Polly, Susan, Jacob, Andrew, William, Lewis, Leah, and Rachel.  By a former marriage there were two children—John and Betsy.   Lewis, Sr., being a son of poor parents was permitted to attend school but little and never learned to read or write.  He early began farming, which occupation he has since followed.  May 11, 1827, he married Mary Gilbert (who died in October, 1880), daughter of Jacob Gilbert, by whom he had five children——Catharine, Sarah, Mary Ann, Lewis, and William.  The two oldest girls died during early childhood.  Mary, wife of John Franklin, died a few days before her mother, who died in October, 1880.  The sons still reside in the township.  Lewis Harroff, Jr., had but limited school advantages.  At the age of twenty he apprenticed himself to John Gilbert, a cabinet-maker of Austintown, and served there two years, but never worked at the trade afterward.  The next three years he worked in a carriage shop at Taylor's corners, and there began carpentering, at which he has been more or less engaged up to the present time.  In 1870 he moved upon the farm where he now lives.  Nov. 11, 1859, he married Rebecca Brunstetter, daughter of Henry Brunstetter.  She was born May 9, 1836.  To them have been born three children, one of whom is dead, viz.: Perry, who was born Feb. 4, 1859, and died Dec. 30, 1863; W. Henry, born Feb. 24, 1865; and Minnie Pearl, Mar. 13, 1880.  Both Mr. and Mrs. Harroff are members of the Evangelical church.  He is a Republican, though never a politician, having never sought or held office.  He is a straightforward man, well and favorably known.

     SEYMOUR A. JONES, deceased, was born in Austintown township. Mahoning county, Oct. 17, 1821.  His wife and children are still living here. He was a farmer by occupation, an earnest Republican in politics, and in religion a member of the Disciples' church.  His first wife was Martha Burnett, by whom he had four children, viz: Mary, Virgil, Samantha Jane, and Edson Scott.  His second wife, whom he married Dec. 9, 1856, and who is still living was Mary, daughter of William and Susan (Earnest) Powers, of Perry county, Pennsylvania.  She was born June 20, 1833.  He parents came to Ohio when she was about one year old.  Her father was a merchant for several years when a young man, but went to farming later on account of his health.  Mrs. Jones is the oldest of six children, the names of whom are as follows: Mary, John, Belle, Almira, William, and Lucius Foster.  Mrs. Jones is the mother of ten children, –George, William, Kittie, Birdie E., Lucy E., John, Giant, Minnie A., Thomas, and Etta May.  Mr. Jones died July 10, 1878.

     T. F. JAMES was born in Somersetshire, England, May 15, 1834.  He was educated in the public schools of his native country, attending only until about twelve years old.  From that time until he was eighteen he was engaged in mining.  In 1852 he came to Austintown township, where his work was the same as in England until fifteen years ago, when he began farming about a mile east of Mineral Ridge, where he is at present engaged in raising fine stock.  Apr. 5, 1858, he married Margaret Blunt, daughter of Edward Blunt of Weathersfield township, Trumbull county.  She was born May 15, 1838.  This marriage was blessed with eight children, Susan, Celia A., Hannah, Maggie, Sadie, Will, Edward, and John.  Mrs. James is a member of the Disciples' church.  Her father, Rev. Edward Blunt, was born in North Wales in 1805, and lived to the age of sixty-six.  For twenty-four years prior to his death he lived and labored at Mineral Ridge.  He preached for some years for the Welsh Methodist church in Pennsylvania.  After coming to Ohio he became a convert to the Disciples' faith, and joined the Welsh Baptist church.  He was a zealous Christian.

     SOLOMON W. LYNN, farmer, Austintown township, Mahoning county, was born in Canfield township, then Trumbull county, Dec. 29, 1817.  His father was John Lynn, a native of Berks county, Pennsylvania, a weaver by trade, but during his residence in Ohio followed farming.  He came here in the early settlement of the country, and erected a saw-mill upon his farm, known as the Squire Lynn farm.  When Solomon was about six years of age his father returned to his old home in Pennsylvania, where he resided until his death.  By his wife, Barbara

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Will, he had seven children, three girls and four boys.  The girls all died when they were quite small, and in a few days of each other.  Of the boys, all are now deceased except the subject of this sketch.  When about thirteen his father died, and he worked upon a farm for soe three years, when he was apprenticed to learn the shoemaker's trade, at which he worked for two and a half years.  He eventually came to Pickaway county, Ohio, but afterwards moved to Canfield, Mahoning county, where he followed his trade.  He carried on his trade for twenty-three consecutive years.  In 1844 he moved to Canfield, and in 1849 to the farm where he now lives.  Aug. 30, 1849, he married Elizabeth, daughter of George Lynn, a brother of John Lynn's father (our subject's grandfather), Philip Lynn.  She was born in Canfield, June 28, 1822.  They have two children, George W., born Aug. 14, 1850; Mary E., Sept. 19, 1856.  Mr. Lynn's politics is Democratic

     BENJAMIN LEACH, a native of New Jersey, came to Austintown township, Mahoning county, in the year 1819, and bought the Jacob Parkhurst farm of one hundred acres, which was partially improved and for which he paid $1,800.  He was a blacksmith by trade, but after coming to Ohio he engaged principally at farming.  Within a year or two after his arrival he erected the house in which his son, J. B. Leach now resides, and which at that early day was considered the best house in the county.   July 12, 1802, he married Dinah Brown by whom he had four children, Harriet, Julia Ann, Susan, and Dinah.  The mother of these children died May 27, 1812.  Of these children only Julia and Susan are living.  Feb. 1, 1814, he married Hannah Raynor, who was born in New Jersey.  She became the mother of five children, Tryphena, Mary, Jacob B., Stephen F., Elias D. of whom all are living but the oldest.  These parents were members of the Presbyterian church.  The father died a few years after coming to Ohio.

     J. B. LEACH was born near Morristown, New Jersey, Feb. 8, 1819.  During the first year of his life he came with his parents to Austintown township, Mahoning county, where he has lived ever since.  His education was obtained in the common schools of that early day.  Soon after he attained his majority he came into possession of the old homestead and has lived upon it all his life.  In 1846 he married Adaline Eckman, daughter of John Eckman then a resident of Warren.  They had four children, Benjamin, Emory, Jennie and Margery of whom all save Benjamin are living.  His wife dying Oct. 16, 1852, he, on Jan. 20, 1859, married Olive Jones, daughter of Asa Jones a stonemason by trade, and an old resident of Austintown township.  This marriage was blessed with two children, Charles and Anna.  Mr. Leach was a Democrat until the breaking out of the war, and since then has been a Republican.  He has held various township offices and was three times justice of the peace, and for three years recorder of Mahoning county, being in office twenty-five successive years.

     JACOB MAURER, farmer, Austintown township, Mahoning county, was born near Reading, Pennsylvania, Jan. 19, 1811.  He is the oldest of the sons of Peter Maurer, who in his native State of Pennsylvania followed the trades of a weaver and miller, but after coming to Ohio engaged in farming.  Jacob Maurer worked at shoemaking until he came to Ohio, and has since been a farmer.  He went with his parents about the year 1832 to Pickaway county, where he remained some seven years, coming to Austintown township at the end of that period.  In 1831 he married Magdalena Sies, a native of Northampton county, Pennsylvania, born February, 1811.  They had eight daughters and three sons, who are all living except one son and one daughter:  Mary A., Marietta, Alexander, Perry C., Elizabeth, Louisa, Susan, Adaline, Lucy, and Melissa.  Mrs. Maurer died June 7, 1877.  Mr. Maurer is a conscientious Christian, a member of the Lutheran church, and a man of worth.  He is a Democrat in politics.

     JOHN MAURER, deceased, was born near Reading, Pennsylvania, Jan. 13, 1813.  He was the second son of Peter and Barbara (Weis) Maurer, both natives of Pennsylvania.  Their children were Jacob, John, Susan, Elizabeth, George, and Peter, who died young.  John Maurer went with his father to Pickaway county, Ohio.  When about twenty-four years old he came to Austintown, where he engaged in farming.  He was married Dec. 4, 1839, to Lucy A. Buck, daughter of David and Mary Buck, who came to this county from Seneca

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county, New York, in 1839.  She was born July 22, 1821.  They have two children, Alfred, born Nov. 22, 1840, and Eliza J., born Jan. 27, 1844, now the wife of William Ohl.  John Maurer was an earnest Democrat and took a great interest in political matters.   He was an industrious man and from nothing made a handsome property.  He was an honored and respected citizen.  He died Feb. 26, 1873.

     PERRY C. MAURER, coal operator, Mineral Ridge, Ohio, was born in Austintown township, Dec. 3, 1840.  He was educated in the common schools and at Canfield academy.  During his school days he also taught in the district schools, his first term before he was eighteen.  He was engaged for one year as a clerk at East Lewiston.  He next went to Idaho, where he spent the summer.  He afterwards acted as a clerk for one year for James Crandon & Co., at Niles, then went to Homewood, Pennsylvania, and had charge of a furnace.  In 1867 he engaged in the mercantile business with Charles Warner, and later with J. B. Warner.  In 1869 he began business as a coal operator in company with Jenkin Harris, James Ward, and others.  He has lately opened a mine at New Lisbon, which yields one hundred and twenty-five tons daily.  His other mines yield even larger quantities.  Nov/ 29, 1865, Mr. Maurer married Rachel Anderson, daughter of James Anderson.  She was born in this county, May 14, 1847.  She died Apr. 30, 1876, leaving three children—Ivan Anderson, Lalla Rookh, and Grace Edna.  He was again married June 27, 1877, to Nettie A. Marshall, daughter of Isaac H. Marshall, of Weathersfield, Trumbull county.  She was born May 22, 1854.  Mr. Maurer is a member of the Presbyterian church.  In politics he is a Democrat.

     JAMES McGREW, deceased, was born in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, Jan. 1, 1810.  When he was about eight years old his mother, Mrs. Letitia Porter, came to Poland, Mahoning county, thence going to Girard, Trumbull county, and afterwards to Ashtabula county.  After coming to this State she married James Reed.  James McGrew was apprenticed at the age of sixteen to learn the blacksmith's trade.  He worked at his trade about twenty one years at Howland corners, Weathersfield township, Trumbull county.  In 1846 he bought the farm on which his son now lives, and for the rest of his life was engaged in farming.  Dec. 15, 1831, he married Margaret Pennell, daughter of Robert Pennell.  She was born Apr. 1, 1816.  She bore him seven children—Letitia, Ann, Rosetta, Robert, Sarah Jane, John, Mary M., and John C.  Mrs. McGrew died May 29, 1851. Mr. McGrew was married May 12, 1853, to Margaret S. Dougherty.  She was a native of Pennsylvania, and was born Aug. 20, 1822.  She died Aug. 19, 1866, leaving five children, the oldest and the youngest of whom are deceased—Grover F., Emma R., Alva F., James H., and Eva A.  Mr. McGrew was married Dec. 24, 1867, to Katie Spencer, born in Hartford, Trumbull county, Oct. 9, 1814.  She died Nov. 1, 1872.  On Sept. 17, 1874, he married Nancy Faunce, of Cortland, who survives her husband.  Mr. McGrew died Apr. 24, 1878.

     J. C. McGREW, farmer, Austintown township, Mahoning county, was born in that township, Mar. 19, 1848.  He was married June 4, 1872, to Susan Miller, daughter of William Miller, a former resident of Mahoning county.  Mrs. McGrew was born Oct. 18, 1851.

     JOHN MILLER, SR. immigrated to Ohio from Pennsylvania in 1812, and settled in Canfield township.  He was educated in the common schools of his native State, and, when a young man, learned the carpenter's trade.  He was a first-class workman, but, after coming to Ohio, worked entirely at farming.  He remained in Canfield township seven years, and then removed to the northeast part of Austintown township, the same county, and settled in the woods near the spot where the residence of Jacob Miller now stands.  As a “deadening” had been made, and the land allowed to grow up with trees again, the work of clearing was exceedingly difficult.  He married Elizabeth Stittle, by whom he had the following named children: Samuel, Sarah, Jacob, Martha, William, John, Susan, Levi, Lydia.  Susan, Sarah, John, Levi, and Jacob are yet living.  He was a member of the German Lutheran church.  He died in the fall of 1867, having lived to see the wilderness transformed into fine, productive farms.

     JOHN MILLER, JR., was born Sept. 14, 1816, in Canfield township.  He was educated in the common schools and early began farming, which

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has been his lifelong occupation.  He staid with his father until the age of twenty-three, when he began farming for himself on the same farm on shares for a time, and then bought half of it, upon which he still lives.  Feb. 11, 1845, he married Maria Lantelman, daughter of William Lanterman, of Austintown township.  She was born June 28, 1822, and died Feb. 18, 1878.  She was an estimable Christian woman and a member of the Disciple church.  Five children were born to them, viz: Austin, born May 31, 1846; Sophia, Dec. 21, 1847; Joseph, Oct. 13, 1849; Laura, Apr. 2, 1852; John, Mar. 29, 1854.  Mr. Miller is a member of the German Lutheran church.

     OEN NAFF, farmer, Austintown township, Mahoning county, was born in Lehigh county, Pennsylvania, Mar. 12, 1827.  His mother died when he was about six weeks old, and he was brought up under the care of his grandfather, Christian Meassamer.  When Oen was about six years old his grandfather moved to Jackson township, and resided there until the time of his death.  Oen is the only child of George and Eva (Meassamer) Naff.  His father still resides in Lehigh county, Pennsylvania.  When Mr. Naff was eighteen years of age he began learning the cabinet maker's trade, at which he worked many years.  Since 1850 he ahs been engaged in farming.  He moved upon the present farms in 1860, and has a pleasant home.  Mr. Naff was married Jan. 3,1850, to Madelina Hood, daughter of David Hood.  She was born in Mahoning county, June 5, 1828, and died Feb. 17, 1859.  She was the mother of two children, whose names are Mary Magdalene and John Wallace.  Mr. Naff was again married, Mar. 4, 1860, to Maria Buck, who was born Mar. 5, 1825.  She is the daughter of David Buck.  They have two children:  George Oliver and Lucy Alice.  Mr. Naff is an active member of the Republican party.

     MICHAEL OHL was a native of Northampton county, Pennsylvania.  When a young man he came with his father, Henry Ohl, to Mahoning county, and settled in Canfield township.  The family of children were Michael, Jacob, Henry, David, John, Abraham, Eve Hood, Maria Waggoner, and Mary Shatto.  Shortly after their arrival Michael married Eva Moyers, who came to Mahoning county with her husband's family.  They first settled in the southwest corner of Austintown township, where they lived some twelve years, and then moved to that part of the township where Ohltown is now located.  He was a cooper by trade, and worked at this some in the new country, but his principal occupation was farming, in addition to managing a saw- and grist mill.  He owned the land which is now occupied by Ohltown, which he laid out over fifty years ago, and to which he gave his own name.  He was the father of the following named children: Charles, Catharine Hood, Elizabeth Dustman, Henry, David, John, Eve Campbell, Aydelott, Michael (who was killed at Warren during the building of a bridge), Samuel, Abigail, McDonald, Andrew, Mary Kraus, and Julia Rose.  Mr. Ohl was hotel-keeper at Ohltown, and also engaged at distilling.  He died Oct. 21, 1857, at the age of seventy-four.  His father, Henry Ohl, died Sept. 7, 1849.  Eve Ohl died July 11, 1860.

     DAVID OHL was born in Austintown township, Mahoning county, Dec. 22, 1818. He received his education in the common schools and aided his father until he became of age, when he began learning the millwright's trade with his brother Charles.  After working with him three years he began building mills.  He was engaged at this business for thirty-five years.  Directly after his marriage he began farming where he now lives.  Jan. 15, 1846, he married Elizabeth A. White, daughter of James White.  She was born in Weathersfield township, Trumbull county, Apr. 29, 1828.  They have had seven children—Ezra, Albert, Julia Ann, Michael, James, Olander, and Jennie (Samantha Jane). Mr. and Mrs. Ohl are old-time members of the Methodist church.

     WESLEY OHL, merchant, West Austintown, Mahoning county, was born in Austintown township, June 19, 1843.  He is the oldest child of George Ohl, son of David Ohl, a Pennsylvanian by birth, who came to Mahoning county, then Trumbull, in an early day, and was a prominent farmer and stock dealer in his day, and was engaged in driving stock to the East over the mountains.  George Ohl acquired a good education at the public schools, and for a number of years was engaged in teaching, attending to his farm at the same time.  Farming was his chief occupation through life.  He was born in

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Austintown township; married Lydia Graber, a native of Bucks county, Pennsylvania.  This union resulted in two children, the eldest dying in infancy.  He was a member of the Evangelical Association, and a Republican in politics.  He and his wife are both dead.  Wesley Ohl remained upon the farm until 1872, when he engaged in the mercantile business with D. B. Blott.  This partnership continued two years, since which time Mr. Ohl has carried on the business alone at West Austintown.  He married Miss Carrie, daughter of William Hauser.  They have one child, Elva Irene, born Oct. 7, 1878.

     DAVIS RANDOLPH, ESQ., Austintown township, Mahoning county, was born in Juniata county, Pennsylvania, July 25, 1810.  He is a brother of William Randolph, of Windsor, Ashtabula county, and a son of John and Mary (Davis) Randolph.  His mother was of Welsh descent.  The old stock of Randolphs came from Virginia.  Davis received but a limited common school education.  He learned the shoemaker's trade with his brother, with whom he came to Austintown and commenced business, in which he continued about twenty-five years.  Mr. Randolph is an influential member of the Democratic party.  He has held nearly all of the township offices, and since 1859 has been justice of the peace.  He married Elizabeth McCarter, of Mahoning county, Nov. 30, 1837, by whom he had one child, Elizabeth McCoy, Oct. 21, 1841.  His wife died Feb. 14, 1842.  On Jan. 16, 1843, he married Caroline Russel, of Austintown, daughter of James Russel, a soldier of 1812.  They have seven children born as follow: James Clark, Jan. 19, 1844; Mary Jane, Feb. 12, 1845; Jonathan Russel, Oct. 28, 1846; John Clayton, May 30, 1848; Charles, Nov. 6, 1854; Cornelia Emeline, May 6, 1856; Luella C., May 4, 1862.  Each of the oldest three of the sons served two years in company E, Twelfth Ohio cavalry, enlisting before they were of age.  Mr. Davis is a member of the Disciple church and is a man who has gained honor from a long life of steadfast integrity.

     THOMAS REED, farmer, Austintown township, Mahoning county, was born in Loudoun county, Virginia, Sept. 24, 1789.  His father, James Reed, was an old time resident of Poland township.  He married Hannah Gilbert, born Sept. 11, 1807, daughter of Charles Gilbert, a native of Pennsylvania.  Her mother was Magdalene Miller, a native of the same State.  To Mr. and Mrs. Reed were born seven children: Peggy, born June 27, 1825; Betsy, Dec. 1, 1826; Polly, Mar. 9, 1829; Stephen, November 26, 1830; Nancy, Oct. 10, 1832; Hannah, Nov. 3, 1835; and Amos, May 27, 1839.  Peggy, Nancy, Hannah, and Stephen, still make their home with their mother on the old farm.  Mr. Reed was a Covenanter in religion, and in politics a Republican.  He was a practical farmer and a worthy citizen.  His death occurred Feb. 18, 1865.

     JAMES RAVER, a native of Allentown, Lehigh county, Pennsylvania, was born Apr. 2, 1823.  He was the son of William Raver, who came to Austintown township when James was thirteen years of age.  After living here a few years he removed to Lordstown township.  James and his father were both coopers by trade, but were principally engaged in farming.  William Raver was the father of seven children, Lovina, James, Eliza, Lewis, William, Catharine, and Maria, all living at the present time. He married Catharine Bailey, who was born in Canfield township, May 13, 1821.  Their children, Levi, Lewis W., Sarah A., and Mary Sophia, are living, with the exception of Mary.  After the death of his first wife he married Clarinda Dustman, a native of Canfield, by whom he had one child, Henry F., who died at the age of six years.  In 1852 James Raver moved into Canfield township, where he has since been engaged in farming.

     L. W. RAVER was born in Lordstown township, Trumbull county, May 11, 1849.  He is the second child of James Raver.  When seventeen years of age he was apprenticed to learn the plasterer's trade, serving two years, and during the winters he also learned harness-making.  He worked at the former of these seven summers and at the latter six winters.  He then with Abraham Forney engaged in mercantile business for three years, when he sold out and soon afterward went into the drug business with Dr. C. B. White.  This partnership lasted but one year.  He then for a few months went into the furniture business.  He is now keeping a general store with J. H. Fitch and Joseph Smith.  Mar. 16, 1873, he married Melvina Wilson,

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daughter of William Wilson, born Dec. 5, 1848.  They have three children, James O., Allen Thurman, and Harry Rush.

     ROBERT RUSSELL, Austintown township, Mahoning county, was born in Loudoun county, Virginia, Aug. 23, 1784.  When he was two years of age his father, Robert Russell, Sr., moved in to Washington county, Pennsylvania, and in 1802 into Lake county, Ohio.  In 1806 or 1807 he came into Austintown township, Mahoning county.  At this early date there had not been a road laid out in the entire township.  He was a farmer by occupation, and lived to see the wilderness converted into fine farms possessing the comforts and refinements of civilized life.  He married, May 17, 1809, Rachel Hampson, who was a daughter of Robert and Jane Hampson, and was born in New Jersey, Oct. 24, 1786.  They reared nine children, all living to celebrate their parents’ golden wedding, and even their sixtieth anniversary.  Mr. Russell lived an exemplary life, and was a member for fifty years of the Disciple church at Four-mile run.  He was ever a friend to the poor and needy.  His useful life closed Jan. 31, 1879, and his wife died Feb. 20, 1872.

     HAMPSON RUSSELL, farmer, Austintown township, Mahoning county, son of Robert Russell, the pioneer, was born Aug. 24, 1822.  His education was received in the pioneer schools of his native township.  He early began the work of farming upon the home farm, and at the age of twenty-five moved upon the farm where he now resides, two miles southwest of the center of the township.  In May, 1849, he married Elizabeth Reed, daughter of Thomas Reed, of Austintown township.  She was born Dec. 1, 1826.  This couple have but three children:  Charles Warren, born May 24, 1852; Amos Calvin, May 14, 1856; Thomas Robert, June 20, 1860.  Mr. Russell is a member of the Disciple church and his wife is a Covenanter.  He is a Republican in politics.

     ABRAHAM STROCK, farmer, Austintown township, Mahoning county, was born in Perry county, Pennsylvania, Apr. 7, 1813.  He is a son of John Henry Strock and a twin brother of Zachariah R. Strock.  His father was born in Northumberland county, Pennsylvania, Oct. 14, 1781.  He married Catharine Rice, a native of Pennsylvania, by whom he had eleven children:  Benjamin, Elizabeth, Mary, Isaac, Abraham, Zachariah, Catharine, Anna, Susan, Joseph, and Julia.  Of these the sons are all living and the daughters all dead.  John H. Strock was a Presbyterian and a Democrat.  He died in the forty-ninth year of his age, Dec. 14, 1830.  The father of John H. Strock was Joseph Strock, a native of France, who came to this country an orphan boy nine years old.  After coming here he was bound out to pay for his passage.  He was married in Pennsylvania and had seven sons and four daughters.  He came to Mahoning county and settled in the southern part of Austintown township.  Abraham Strock has resided here since his father came in 1815.  He began learning carpentry and joining when fourteen years old and worked at those trades forty-seven years.  He has erected so many churches that the title “the old church-builder” is often applied to him.  Sept. 7, 1834, he married Sophia Wetzell, who was born in Pennsylvania, Dec. 18, 1807.  They had seven children: Sarah, William H., Eliza, Caroline, Benjamin, Lucy, and George.  Mrs. Strock died Aug. 11, 1869.  Mr. Strock was one of the first Abolitionists in this county and is now an earnest Republican.  Since retiring from active business he has studied a variety of subjects, upon each of which he is well informed.

     JOSEPH SMITH, a native of Mercer county, Pennsylvania, was born May 27, 1853.  When he was about two years old his father, Henry Smith, moved into Jackson township.  After remaining here a few years he moved to Smith's corners, Austintown township.  Joseph received his education at this place, attending school winters and working on the farm summers.  When eighteen years old he began clerking for J. H. Fitch & Co.  He remained here for one year and then worked for J. H. Fitch until Apr. 1, 1880, when he bought an interest in the stock of goods and the firm of Fitch, Smith & Co. was formed.  He married Elizabeth Wetzel, daughter of Jacob Wetzel, an old-time hotel proprietor of Austintown.

     DANIEL THORNTON, who was a native of Long Island, came to Youngstown township, Trumbull county, now Mahoning, in the year 1817.  After remaining here five or six years he went back to his old home, but not being satisfied there returned to this county.  He served in the War of 1812 before he was eighteen, first three months as substitute and afterward a time for himself.  At the close of the war he began learning the ship-carpenter's trade, serving an apprenticeship of three years.  He followed this trade in the Island until his removal to Ohio.  Just before leaving Long Island he married Hannah Rogers, a native of that island.  She became , the mother of three children—Jesse A., merchant of Germantown, Pennsylvania; Mary, who died in infancy; and Hiram, of Austintown.  He was a Democrat through early life but eventually became a Republican.

     HIRAM THORNTON, third child of Daniel Thornton, was born in Youngstown township, Trumbull county, now Mahoning, Jan. 18, 1823.  His school advantages were very limited as there was no school in his district until he was of age.  But by reading and observation he has become well informed. He is a natural mechanic, understanding several different trades.  His early life was spent upon the farm.  At the age of seventeen he began making whiskey, at which occupation he continued for five years, at the end of which time he began carriage- and wagon-making, which he carried on for about eleven years.  Since then he has been engaged in various pursuits, among others that of operating in coal.  He is now superintending mines for H. Baldwin, of Youngstown.  He married, Aug. 5, 1849, Matilda Smith, daughter of William Smith, of Austintown.  She was born in England, Aug. 31, 1830.  To them have been born fifteen children—Daniel, Mary, Stephen, Joseph, Henry, Elizabeth, Sarah, William, Walter, Lovina, Ida, George, Myron, Ella, Edward, of whom Daniel, Ida, and George are dead.  He is a Republican and a worthy and respected citizen.

     WILLIAM TIBBIT, (deceased) was born in Maryland, June 25, 1805.  When he was still an infant his father, Jerry Tibbit, moved to Youngstown.  Here he lived until he was eighteen, when his father, who was a saddler and harness-maker in Youngstown, moved to Austintown, where he resided until his death engaged in farming.  William Tibbit received his education in the Youngstown schools.  He remained with his father until he was twenty-four, assisting in the shop and on the farm.  He then bought the business and carried it on for about seven years, meanwhile purchasing the farm on which his widow and family now reside.  He moved upon this farm in 1836, and engaged afterwards at farming. Nov. 28, 1833, he married Thankful Almyra, daughter of Judge Camden Cleaveland, a native of Connecticut.  Judge Cleaveland emigrated to Liberty township, Trumbull county, about 1800, and when his daughter, Mrs. Tibbit, was about four years old moved to Youngstown, where he taught school for several years.  He afterwards operated the Cleaveland mill on Mill creek.  He married Elizabeth Adams, daughter of Asahel Adams, who was also a pioneer in this region.  Judge Cleaveland had a family of two boys—Camden H. and Mason A. (who died young), and five girls: Eliza P., Thankful Almyra, Olive A., Charlotte M., and Harriet M.  Judge Cleaveland was a brother of Moses Cleaveland, after whom the city of Cleveland was named. William Tibbit was a member of the Presbyterian church, and a member of the Republican party.  He was an unassuming man, a conscientious Christian, a kind father and husband, and a good citizen.  He died Oct. 14, 1856.  He was the father of eight children, six of whom are living—Nancy E., Charlotte M., Asahel C., Laura E., John Ferris and Mary Ann.

     JACOB WOLFCALE, farmer, farmer, Austintown township, Mahoning county, was born in the same township Oct. 23, 1819.  He is the third of the children of Abram Wolfcale, a native of Virginia, who, with his brother John, and his father, John Wolfcale, Sr., came into this country at an early date, and bought tracts of land on part of
which their children are now living.  Abram Wolfcale was a cabinet-maker and carpenter by trade.  He also carried on a farm.  He was born Jan. 14, 1785.  He married Elizabeth Brooks, who was born in Maryland Oct. 6, 1792.  They had five children—Margaret, Jonathan, Jacob, Polly, and Elizabeth.  Of these Polly died in infancy, and Jonathan when about forty years of age.  Margaret married Roswell Matthews, and lives upon the old homestead.  Jacob Wolfcale is a blacksmith by trade, but is engaged in farming.  He was married July 17, 1843, to Lavina Oatstein, a native of Mahoning county.  They have seven children living, three deceased.  The names of those living are:  Owen, Abram, William, Milo, Elizabeth, Filena, and Mary.  Mr. Wolfcale is a Democrat.  He has surrendered the care of his farm to his sons and is now enjoying the quiet which a life of activity has earned him.

     IRA WILCOX, farmer, Austintown township, Mahoning county, is a native of that county, born Mar. 9, 1816.  His father, Isaac Wilcox, was a native of Maryland, and was in the War of 1812.  Isaac Wilcox was married to Catharine Russurd, and shortly afterward came to Canfield township, now Mahoning county. A bout twenty five years later he removed to Virginia. He was a class leader in the Methodist church, and for a long time a justice of the peace in Canfield.  He had four children: Ira, Reuben, Eli, and Hannah.  Eli died when but fourteen years old. Hannah married Jacob Umstardt, and died many years ago.  Reuben is living at Rootstown, Ohio.  Ira Wilcox, when about twelve years of age, was apprenticed to the shoemaker's trade, at which he served until he was eighteen, in the meantime working upon the farm of his employer.  He followed his trade some eighteen years.  After his marriage he resided in Jackson township for a short time, then returned to his former home.  In 1839 he bought a small part of his present farm, which was then in the woods.  He has since added to his first purchase until he now has a fine farm.  Apr. 11, 1835, he married Rebecca Gilman, who was born in (now) Mahoning county, Nov. 16, 1816, and is a daughter of Jacob Gilman.  Mr. and Mrs. Wilcox have nine children, as follows: Christina, Daniel, Isaac, Sarah, Ira, Jr., Mary, Cecilia, Anson B., and Ella.  Their church relationship is with the United Brethren in Christ.

     JACOB WISE, deceased, was born in Lehigh county, Pennsylvania, Jan. 21, 1786.  He came to Trumbull county in 1810, and bought one hundred acres of land at $3 per acre.  Several years later he purchased what is now known as the Peters farm, one hundred and thirty three acres, and afterwards he bought one hundred and twelve acres on the tract where the Tod mine was opened.  Coal was mined there over fifty years ago. In 1810 Jacob Wise married Susanna Weitzel, who lived only about one year after giving birth to a child named Jacob, born June 24, 1813. In 1815 Mr. Wise married Priscilla Pyle, who was born in Little York, Pennsylvania, in 1797.   They had thirteen children—John, Mary, Eliza, Sarah, Hannah, Priscilla, Lydia, Solomon, Jonathan, Rebecca, Ada line, Rachel, and Elias, who died when quite young.  Priscilla, Rebecca, Mary, and Solomon are also deceased.  Jacob Wise was a soldier in the War of 1812.  Both he and his wife were members of the Presbyterian church.  He died Oct. 24, 1854, and Mrs. Wise Sept. 7, 1862.

     JOHN WISE, farmer, Austintown township, Mahoning county, was born in Trumbull county, Aug. 13, 1816.  He is the second son of Jacob Wise.  He was married Oct. 1, 1844, to Mary Crum, who was born in Canfield, Feb.18, 1820.  Her father, a tailor by trade, came from Pennsylvania.  The union gave them two children, Zenas, an attorney at Pine Bluff, Kansas, and Thomas Jefferson, a coal operator at Canfield.  Mrs. Wise died May 24, 1854.  Mr. Wise was married a second time Feb. 1, 1855, to Rachel A. Morris, born in Monmouthshire, England, Feb. 26, 1828.  They have two children, Lucy, born Feb. 7, 1856, the wife of E. Grover Marshall, Weathersfield township, Trumbull county, and David, born May 30, 1865, now residing at home.  Mrs. Wise is the seventh of fourteen children of William Morris, who emigrated to America in 1839, and settled in Schuylkill county, Pennsylvania, where he was a coal operator some years; he then moved to Weathersfield township, Trumbull county, and was there a superintendent of mines.

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