Richland Twp. -
OSCAR F. DAVISON, tile manufacturer at Nevada, Sec. 20; P. O. Dawn; born in Richland Township Oct. 16, 1837; his father, Robert, was born in Bourbon Co., Ky., and married Mary Stratton, of Greene Co., Ohio, and moved to Darke Co. in 1829.  The subject of this sketch was raised a farmer; he engaged in merchandising during the year 1866, but sold out before he had been in business a year, and returned to farming and dealing in live stock; has been Township assessor of personal property, Supervisor, Trustee, etc.; in 1877, he erected tile works and now gives his attention to this business.  He married Sirena Plessinger, daughter of David Plessinger, in March, 1861; she was born Jan. 28, 1838, and died Nov. 29, 1865, leaving no issue; his second marriage was celebrated with Sarah Jane Plessinger, daughter of George Plessinger, whose biography appears in this work, Feb. 20, 1868; she was born Dec. 20, 1847; they have had four children, viz.: George R., born Jan. 4, 1869, died Sept. 19, following; Tepa H., born Oct. 1872; Mary G., July 8, 1874; Claude E., Jan. 6, 1877, and Cora May, Oct. 21, 1878.  He owns 113 acres of land, two good houses and his tile works, which are extensive.
Source: History of Darke County, Ohio - Illustrated - Publ. Chicago: W. H. Beers & Co., 1880. - Page 744

Greenville Twp. -
JOHN W. DEARDOURFF, manufacturer and dealer in boots and shoes, No. 13, Third street, Greenville.  The subject of this memoir is a native of Preble Co., born June 3, 1845; he is a son of Daniel Deardourff, who was born in Adams Co., Penn., and came to Preble Co. about the year 1849.  He married Elizabeth Stouffer; she was born in Lancaster Co., Penn., and is now living in Greenville, at the advanced age of 79 years.  John W. was raised in Preble Co. until 20 years of age, during which time he attended the common schools, and learned and worked at the shoemaker's trade, which he followed until August, 1862, at which date he enlisted in the 50th O. V. I., and went forward to battle for the Union; he was in many severe engagements, among which was the battle of Perryville, and in the three months' campaign against Atlanta, during which time he was engaged some eighty-four days; after the capture of Atlanta, he returned to Franklin, and after the battle of the latter place, the army fell back to Nashville, where he was engaged in the three days' fight; in the spring of 1865, he joined Sherman at Goldsboro, and was with his army at the surrender of Johnson; he then lay in Salisbury some thirty days, then returned to City Point and Baltimore; thence to Cleveland, where he received his discharge, in the latter part of July, 1865, having served in the Union army three yeas.  Upon receiving his discharge, he came to Darke Co. and was employed at his trade until the spring of 1877, when he engaged in business for himself, which he has since successfully followed; a card of his business is to be found in the business directory of Greenville, in another part of this work; they have two children - Harry A. and Charles.
Source: History of Darke County, Ohio - Illustrated - Publ. Chicago: W. H. Beers & Co., 1880. - Page 486

Greenville Twp. -
JOSIAH B. DEETER, Sec. 4; farmer and manufacturer of all kinds and sizes of drain tile; P. O. Woodington; his factory is located one-fourth of a mile south of Woodington Station; he may be considered one of our old settlers, being born in Greenville Township, Darke Co., June 3, 1844; his father, Daniel M. Deeter, was born in Pennsylvania in January, 1801, and came to Darke Co. somewhere about the year 1825, where he has since lived. He married Anna Bolinger in Pennsylvania; she died in the spring of 1879; the subject of this sketch followed agricultural pursuits during the early part of his life, and subsequently purchased an interest in the tile factory of Hime, Martin & Co., which, after two years he became the sole owner of; since that time he has conducted the business in his own name; his yearly sales in tile have exceeded $3,000; he also owns 94 acres of land, which extends to the station, his residence being located one-fourth of a mile from the same. His marriage with Hattie A. Crosson was celebrated July 17, 1873; she was born in Cincinnati July 18, 1855; she died in April, 1875; one child was born to them — Claud M., born Aug. 29, 1875; died Feb. 19, 1876.
Source: History of Darke County, Ohio - Illustrated - Publ. Chicago: W. H. Beers & Co., 1880. - Page 486

Greenville Twp. -
AARON S. DENISE, farmer and stock-raiser, Sec. 27; P. O. Greenville; one of the early pioneers of Darke Co., born in Butler Co., Ohio, Jan. 16, 1825; he was the oldest son of John S. Denise, who was born in the State of New Jersey March 25, 1803, and came to Ohio when quite young. He was united in marriage in Warren Co., Ohio, with Margaret M. Clark March 18, 1824; she was born in Warren Co. Aug. 15, 1804; they were the parents of ten children, of whom seven are now living; they were among the early settlers of Darke Co., coming here in 1829, and locating upon Sec. 27, Greenville Township, which at that time was a howling wilderness, and upon this spot Mr. Denise passed the remainder of his days; his decease occurred April 25, 1852; his widow now lives upon the same place, and although upward of 75 years of age, is in possession of all her faculties; our subject came to Darke Co. with his parents in 1829, and is consequently one of the old settlers of the county; he remained upon the old homestead until 1855, after which he went to Illinois and remained four years, thence to Missouri, staying there two years, and, in 1861, returned to Darke Co., and. in September of the same year, enlisted in the 40th O. V. I., and went forward to battle for the Union; he was first forwarded to Kentucky, where he was in several battles, after which he was transferred to the Army of the Cumberland; participated in the battle of Chickamauga, then the siege and capture of Atlanta, continuing upward of four months fighting; in the fall of 1864 and the early part of the winter of 1865, he was in the Fourth Army Corps, under Maj. Gen. Thomas, operating in Tennessee in protecting the cities of Nashville, Chattanooga and other points, during which time he was engaged in the battle of Nashville for two days, at the expiration of which time the rebel army under Gen. Hood were badly defeated; he was also in many other engagements; in the spring of 1865, he was forwarded to Texas, and stationed at Galveston and San Antonio for several months, and in the fall of 1865, returned to Columbus, where he was mustered out of service and received his discharge in October of the same year, having served in the Union army upward of four years; after two years' service, he veteranized, and at the expiration of three years, was transferred to the 51st O. V. I., and remained with the same until the close of the war; he was never taken prisoner, but had many narrow escapes; he was twice wounded, but only kept from duty a short time; he returned home Oct. 25, and located upon his present place, where he has since resided; he has 100 acres in his home farm, of which 80 are under a good state of cultivation, one mile west of the city of Greenville; also 40 acres in Daviess Co., Mo.; Mr. Denise is no politician, but is a strong Republican, and labors for the success of his party, and to make use of his own words, he always votes as he fought.
Source: History of Darke County, Ohio - Illustrated - Publ. Chicago: W. H. Beers & Co., 1880. - Page 487

Mississinawa Twp. -
JOSEPH DENNISTON, farmer; P. O. Union City, Ind.; son of Samuel and Sarah Denniston; he was born in Jackson Township of this county, Feb. 7, 1836; the parents of Dr. D., settled in this county as early as 1807, and may be truthfully termed "early pioneers."  Mr. Denniston was married to Anna Money, in Jay Co., Ind., Sept. 28, 1858; they have nine children, namely, Sarah J., Senath E., William C. L., Mary Olive, Azore C., David L., Nancy E., Frederick and Joseph Roland.  Mr. Denniston's farm of 268 acres is located in Sec. 28, 29 and 32, of this township, 180 acres of which are under cultivation; his residence, built February, 1869, is located on Sec. 29.
Source: History of Darke County, Ohio - Illustrated - Publ. Chicago: W. H. Beers & Co., 1880. - Page 762

Greenville Twp. -
JOHN G. DEUBNER, farmer and stock-raiser, Sec. 13; P. O. Greenville; one of the old settlers of Darke Co.; born in Saxony, Germany, July 2, 1825, where he received a good German education and followed farming and working in woolen mills until 23 years of age, when he emigrated to America, landing in New York in May, 1848; he immediately came to Darke Co., and was employed working in the Broadway Hotel, Greenville, some five years, and, in 1853, he located upon Sec. 13, where he has since lived for a period of twenty-six years; he now has 82 acres under a good state of improvement, with good farm buildings; when locating here, there were only 15 acres cleared; he has since cleared 35 acres and brought the same to a good state of cultivation; when Mr. Deubner purchased his first land, he had a capital of about $50; he has since accumulated all the above property by his own hard labor, and it can be truly said of him that he is one of the self-made men of Darke Co. He is a Democrat in politics, and always labors for the success of the party; he has held the office of Township Trustee of Greenville Township for three years during his residence here. His marriage with Wilhelmina Bildemeyer was celebrated March 8. 1853; she was born in Hessen, Germany. Sept. 11, 1835; they were the parents of thirteen children — John C., born Nov. 21, 1853; Frederick H., born Sept. 17, 1855; Charlotte. Feb. 25. 1858 (died Aug. 10, 1871); Lewis H., July 19, 1859; John W., Sept. 10. 1861 : Wilhelmina P., Nov. 29, 1863; Charles A., July 14, 1866; Caroline S. and Louisa (twins), born Sept. 25, 1868; Sophia, March 6, 1871 (died July 20, 1874); Powell G. born Feb. 14. 1874; May, June 11, 1876, and Amelia M. Dec. 3, 1878.
Source: History of Darke County, Ohio - Illustrated - Publ. Chicago: W. H. Beers & Co., 1880. - Page 487

Greenville Twp. -
ELIJAH DEVOR, attorney at law, Greenville. The subject of this memoir was born in Darke Co., Ohio, Oct. 16, 1849, and is a brother of John Devor, whose sketch and portrait both appear in this work. Our subject was the son of James Devor, one of our early pioneers, and who, as well as the grandfather, are prominently mentioned in the sketch of John Devor, as well as in the historical part of this work. Elijah Devor obtained a common-school education, and, at 19 years of age commenced the study of law with Allen & Devor; he attended the Cincinnati Law School, at Cincinnati, Ohio, one term, graduated from the same, and was admitted to the bar in April, 1871; commenced the practice of law with M. T. Allen, as a partner, in 1872, and continued the same two years; in 1875, he associated with his present partner, and they have since conducted their business under the firm name of Devor & Bodle. He is, also, Treasurer of the Greenville Gas Co. On the 8th day of October, 1875, he was united in marriage with Emily A. Webb, daughter of H. A. Webb, of Greenville; they have two sons by this union, viz., Henry Webb Devor and John Devor.
Source: History of Darke County, Ohio - Illustrated - Publ. Chicago: W. H. Beers & Co., 1880. - Page 488

Greenville Twp. -
JOHN DEVOR, lawyer, Greenville, was born in Darke Co. in 1831. His grandfather, John Devor, was born in Pennsylvania, and came to Darke Co. in 1808; he entered the first half-section of land in the present limits of the county, and laid out the town of Greenville in 1810; in 1816, he moved his family to the county, they having, for eight years previously, lived in Montgomery Co., Ohio. Upon the organization of the county, in 1817, he was appointed Treasurer, and served as such three years. He followed the business of surveying for some years. His son, James Devor, was born near Maysville, Ky., while the family were on their way from Pennsylvania, in 1795; he learned surveying from his father, and, for a number of years, was County Surveyor. He was the first Auditor of Darke Co.; from May, 1844, to October, 1847, he was County Treasurer, and, for a number of years, he was a Justice of the Peace; he died October, 1 855. His wife. Patience Dean, was a daughter of Aaron Dean, one of the early settlers of the county; they were married March 1, 1828, and ten children were born to them, of whom the second son is our subject. He received a common-school education, and acquired a knowledge of surveying under his father's instruction; at the age of 19. he commenced the study of law with the late Hiram Bell, Esq., of Greenville, and was admitted to the bar in the spring of 1852, and at once opened an office in Greenville. In 1855. he was elected County Surveyor, and was re-elected in 1858, serving six years; from 1854 to 1867, he was a law partner of the late Michael Spaytl. of Greenville; in the fall of that year, he formed a law partnership with Hon. William Allen, which continued eleven years. For four years, he was Assistant Assessor of Internal Revenue for the Fourth District of Ohio; he was also Registrar in Bankruptcy for the same district during the existence of the bankrupt law, which went into effect March. 1867. and terminated September, 1878. July 29, 1856, he married Miss Elizabeth Travis, daughter of John Travis, of Butler Co., Ohio; Mrs. Devor died Oct. 22, 1878. Formerly a Whig, Mr. Devor naturally became a Republican, and, for many years has been Chairman of the Republican Central Committee of Darke Co. Mr. Devor is eminently social, and is an industrious and energetic business man. He is at present a law partner of M. T. Allen, and the firm is one of the strongest of the Darke Co. bar.
Source: History of Darke County, Ohio - Illustrated - Publ. Chicago: W. H. Beers & Co., 1880. - Page 488

Greenville Twp. -
WILLIAM H. DILL, merchant, Justice of the Peace and Postmaster, Pikeville; another of the old settlers of Darke Co., born in Beamsville, Richland Township, June 8, 1839; he was the oldest son of John H. C. Dill, who was born in Germany March 16, 1805; he emigrated to America and located in Butler Co., and, about the year 1837, came to Darke Co. and settled in Beamsville, where he lived until 1855; he then removed to Dallas and engaged in the grain trade one year, after which he followed farming three or four years; he then returned to Dallas and engaged in the dry -goods trade for one year, when he came to Pikesville, in the spring of 1862, and engaged in the general merchandise trade and the purchase of grain up to the time of his death, which occurred April 2, 1865. He married Martha C. Seigment, in Ohio, Nov. 17, 1834; she was a native of Germany, born Oct. 23, 1815, and died in Darke Co. March 7, 1858; they were the parents of eleven children, of whom eight are now living, six in Ohio, one in Indiana and one in Missouri. Our subject resided in Beamsville until 16 years of age, where he received some experience in the mercantile store of his father; he then assisted his father in farming, in Brown Township, some four years, when he commenced clerking in Dallas, and, the following year, his father located in Dallas, in the merchandise business, and he then assisted his father in his store one year; in the spring of 1862, he came to Pikeville with his father, and remained with him until the latter's death; he continued the business two years, and, in 1867, the store and stock were destroyed by fire; he was then engaged in various pursuits until the spring of 1879, when he engaged in the merchandise trade, which business he now follows. He received the appointment of Postmaster under the administration of Lincoln, in 1862, and was the first Postmaster of the town; he has also held the office of Justice of the Peace for twelve years in succession. His marriage with Julia A. Reed was celebrated in Darke Co., Ohio, Sept. 8, 1861; she was born in Darke Co. March 28. 1843; they have two children — Ida E., born Sept. 3, 1862, and Frank E., April 26, 1874.
Source: History of Darke County, Ohio - Illustrated - Publ. Chicago: W. H. Beers & Co., 1880. - Page 489

Greenville Twp. -
JOHN DININGER, farmer and stock-raiser, Sec. 32; P. O. Greenville. The subject of this memoir is justly entitled to the credit of being one of the early settlers of Darke Co.; he was born in Montgomery Co., Ohio, Nov. 7, 1823, and was the oldest son of Jacob Dininnger, who was born in Germany Sept. 26, 1798; he emigrated to America when 18 years of age, and located in Montgomery Co., Ohio, and, in 1834, came to Darke Co. with his family, and followed farming in this township until his decease, which occurred June 11, 1875. He married Margaret Swank; she was born in Montgomery Co. in 1806, and is now living upon the home farm, where she has resided for forty-five years. John Dininnnger made his home with his parents until 30 years of age; at the age of 24 he commenced to clear his present place, and has since cleared some sixty-five acres of his home farm, which contains 100 acres, besides upward of one hundred acres in Washington Township, with good farm buildings upon each place. He has taken a deep interest in the cause of religion, having been a member of the Lutheran Church for upward of twenty years, his wife and son also being members of the same church. His marriage with Catherine R. McClure was celebrated Oct. 1, 1857; she was born in Montgomery Co., Aug. 25, 1834; they were the parents of three children — Ira, born Aug. 31, 1858, died Oct. 8, 1879; John L. and Hattie (twins), born March 31, 1864; Hattie died April 2, 1864, and Ira died from quick consumption at the home of his parents, after an illness of one year. Mrs. Dininger was a daughter of George and Maria (Merkles) McClure, who came to Darke Co. in 1843; her father was born in Lancaster Co., Penn., April 23. 1803, and died in Darke Co. in 1870; her mother was born in Berks Co., Penn., March S, 1812, and died Aug. 25, 1879.
Source: History of Darke County, Ohio - Illustrated - Publ. Chicago: W. H. Beers & Co., 1880. - Page 489

Greenville Twp. -
LEWIS DININGER, farmer and stock-raiser, Sec. 6; P. O. Greenville. This gentleman is a brother of John and Michael W. Dininger and a son of Jacob Dininger, all of whom are mentioned in this work; Lewis Dininger was torn in Greenville Township, Darke Co., Ohio, March 30, 1840, and has always followed agricultural pursuits. At 26 years of age, he was united in marriage with Miss A. E. Kerst, their marriage nuptials being celebrated on the 8th of February, 1866; she was born in German Township, Darke Co., in 1844; six children were the fruits of this union, viz., Flora S., Anna M., Charles, Achie E., Harley and Otto S.; Charlie died at the age of 1 year and 10 months. Mr. Dininger erected his present residence in 1870, where he has since lived, and upon this place he has lived since his birth; he now has 100 acres of land, with good farm buildings. He has been a member of the Lutheran Church since early boyhood, his wife also being a member of the same church.
Source: History of Darke County, Ohio - Illustrated - Publ. Chicago: W. H. Beers & Co., 1880. - Page 490

Greenville Twp. -
MICHAEL W. DININGER, farmer. Sec. 32; P. O. Greenville. The subject of this sketch is a brother of John and Lewis Dininger, who are also mentioned in this work, and a son of Jacob Dininger, who is prominently mentioned in the sketch of John Dininger. Michael W. was born in Montgomery Co., Ohio. Jan. 29, 1833, and came to Darke Co. with his parents in 1834; his education was obtained in a rude log schoolhouse, and, by hard study, he obtained a fair common-school learning; he assisted his father in agricultural pursuits until 21 years of age, when, on the 21st of September, 1854, he was united in marriage with Mary A. Kerst; she was born in Pennsylvania in 1835; they are the parents of five children, of whom four are now living — Sarah E., Isaac, Mary C. and Margaret R.; the deceased died in infancy. Upon the marriage of Mr. D., he located upon his present place, where he has since lived: his home farm contains 100 acres, with good farm buildings, which he has brought from a wilderness to its present high state of cultivation by his own hard labor. He has been a member of the Lutheran Church for many years, his wife and three of his children being members of different churches.
Source: History of Darke County, Ohio - Illustrated - Publ. Chicago: W. H. Beers & Co., 1880. - Page 490

Greenville Twp. -
J. N. DITMAN, merchant tailor, Greenville; the subject of this sketch was born in Germany Sept. 25, 1837, and is a son of Henry and Louisa Ditman; our subject emigrated with his parents to this country in 1840 and landed at Baltimore; he was reared in Carroll Co., Md., and removed to Richmond. Ind., in 1863, where he remained for a short time; thence to Connersville in 1864; thence back to Richmond in 1873 and remained about two years, when he moved to Bradford, Ohio, and resided upward of two years, and then came to Greenville and engaged in his business, which he is prosecuting with considerable energy, giving employment to several workmen. He was united in marriage with Sarah Ann Slaugenhaupt Feb. 17, 1861; they are the parents of six children, viz: Mary L., born Nov. 10, 1861; Gertrude E., Dec. 2, 1864; Inez E., Nov. 30, 1866; Laura B., Dec. 1, 1867; J. Willard, Sept 5, 1872; Maud, March 13, 1877.
Source: History of Darke County, Ohio - Illustrated - Publ. Chicago: W. H. Beers & Co., 1880. - Page 490

Neave Twp. -
W. S. DUNN, farmer; P. O. Jaysville; is the son of Isaac and Julia A. (McGrew) Dunn;  he was a native of Kentucky, and of French descent; she was of Irish descent, and a native of Virginia; they were married in Butler Co., Ohio and came to Darke Co. soon after the treaty of Fort Greenville and were the first family that ventured into the wilderness west of Greenville after the war.  Here the subject of this sketch was born in 1817, and here he lived until he was 16 years of age; then his parents removed to Randolph Co., Ind.; he remained with his parents until 21, then returned to Darke Co., and worked in the vicinity of Coal Town about three years and partially learned the wagon-maker's trade.  About this time, a little incident occurred which was the occasion of his changing his home.  He was somewhat of a horse-trader, and made a trade with a Methodist preacher, that he straddled the horse and left that neighborhood, and never resided there afterward.  He finished his apprenticeship at wagon-making in Palestine, and then went to Butler Co. and was married there in 1855 to Matilda, daughter of Isaac and Mary Watson.  After his marriage, Mr. Dunn resumed farming, and has continued farming ever since, first renting, and, after five years he purchased a farm in Butler Co., where he remained until 1876, when he sold out in Butler Co. and purchased and removed to the farm in Sec. 13, Neave Township, where he now resides with his only son, who has charge of the farm.  Mr. Dunn was one of a family of twelve children; his parents came into the wilderness of Darke Co. poor, and he had to depend upon himself entirely, and has made his property by his own exertions and management, never having received any legacy, except about $800, which his wife received from her parents.  Her deceased occurred in Butler Co. Nov. 16, 1874.  They had two children - one still-born, and the other a son, Henry H.  He was married to Susannah Young, of Preble Co., and now has charge of the home and farm.  He has one child - Matilda.
Source: History of Darke County, Ohio - Illustrated - Publ. Chicago: W. H. Beers & Co., 1880 - Page 708

Franklin Twp. -
MARTIN DWYRE, farmer; P. O. Red River.  The gentleman whose name heads this sketch was born in County Limerick, Ireland, in February, 1822, and is a son of Thomas and Elizabeth Dwyre, natives of Ireland; his father was a farmer by occupation and died when our subject was but 6 months old; at the age of 18, he began live for himself and engaged in farming; he has many vivid recollections of  the great famine in Ireland, in 1845-46, and says the County Limerick was better supplied than many other counties, and the miseries and horrors of starvation did not bear so heavily upon them; among the counties that suffered the extreme pangs of hunger and want, M. Dwyre mentions those of Donegan, Leitrim, Westmeath, Tyrone, Queens, Kings, Cork and Galway; he says the suffering in some of these counties was severe, and many people suffered the excruciating tortures of hunger, and the intensity of the famine swept the whole land.  Our subject was united in marriage with Mary A., daughter of Nicholas Hartley, Mar. 17, 1847; they were the parents of eleven children, of whom four are supposed to be living - two in Ireland, if living, and a sister of Mrs. Dwyre, living in this country.  Our subject left Ireland for America May 8, 1847, and landed in Quebec, his voyage occupying five weeks and three days; from Quebec he visited Montréal, St. John's, Whitehall, West Troy, thence to New York, where he remained one week, fro there to Honsdale, fro thereto Lewisborough, N. Y., where he worked on the Erie R. R. for about three months, from there to Binghamton, where he took passage on the Erie Canal and went to Buffalo, where he remained five months; thence by steamboat he came to Sandusky, Ohio, from which point he came by rail to Springfield, Ohio; here he labored one year on the Mad River R. R., the second road that entered Springfield; from there to Mechanicsburg, where he labored two months on a turnpike; thence to Bellefontaine for a short time; thence to Quincy, where he labored on the Little Miami R. R. for a full year; thence to Briton and worked on the road for five or six months; from there to Westville, where he labored on the railroad for nearly one year; thence to West Milton, where he labored on a road but it was never finished; he also labored on the D. & U. R. R., then back to the Stillwater, where he laid down the shovel and bid farewell to railroading, and we believe Mr. Dwyre has helped build more miles of railroad than any other man in Darke Co., and, although his labors in this direction have occupied several years, and constantly underwent the exposure and the hardships incident to such work, he is yet hale and hearty, and none enjoy a joke or can tell a better story than Uncle Martin; after he abandoned the railroad, he settled in West Milton, where he followed farming, ditching, stone quarrying, chopping, and in fact did anything for several years that would bring an honest dollar to his coffer; in 1860, he removed to Darke Co. and leased 20 acres of Darke Co.'s woods, which he had the use of  for eight years for the clearing, which he accomplished the third season, and without any assistance; in 1868, he removed to the north part of the township, and rented a farm for cash rent, but only remained one year, when he pulled up stakes and returned to Miami Co., where he carried on a farm for two years; then back to Darke Co. again and purchased 63 acres of land, where he now resides, for which he paid $45 per acre, and soon after sold part back for $55 per acre; the balance is all in a good state of cultivation; they are the parents of eight children, six of whom are living, viz., Thomas, Michael, Daniel, Francis, Elizabeth and Kate; the deceased are Nicholas and William.
Source: History of Darke County, Ohio - Illustrated - Publ. Chicago: W. H. Beers & Co., 1880 - Page 681