ONE of the first acts of the "First General Assembly of the State of Ohio" which met at Chillicothe, Mar. 1, 1803, - about three months after the State was admitted into the Union - was the creation of eight new counties, of which Gallia was one of the first, from a vast territory known as Washington county territory of the United States, northwest of the river Ohio, which then comprised a tract covering nearly half of the present area of the State, and including what is now divided into forty separate counties.

THE NAME.

     Gallia, an ancient name of France, was given it in honor of the French settlers, who for thirteen years previous had been located in Gallipolis, within its borders, and it was made a separate and distinct county, Apr. 30, 1803.  It originally included the lands comprising the present counties of Gallia, Jackson, the greater part of Lawrence, about three-fourths of Meigs, and a part of Vinton county, which tract was covered partly by the “Congress lands” and the balance by the “Ohio Company” purchase, the western limit of the latter being a line running north and south through Gallia county, a short distance west of Gallipolis.  This company was organized in Boston, on the first day of March, 1786, for the purpose of purchasing lands and making settlements in the western country, and all the titles of real estate in the city and western part of the county came from them, they having formerly purchased the lands of Congress and opened their office in Marietta.

PHYSICAL and GEOLOGICAL FEATURES
of GALLIA COUNTY.

     THE county as now defined, is situated in that geological division designated as Coal Measures; bound on the north by Meigs, Vinton and Jackson, east by the Ohio river, south by Lawrence and the Ohio rivers and west by Lawrence and Jackson.  Its area is about 430 square miles; surface, hilly, excepting a tract bordering upon the Ohio river and bottom lands along various other streams, where it is more level, and the soil is fertile.  A

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great part of the county is covered with a black, sandy loam, well adapted to the growth of wheat and corn, which are quite extensively raised.  The staple crops are wheat, corn, oats, rye, buck-wheat, and recently the cultivation of tobacco has been assuming prominence.  Much of the land is excellent for grazing purposes, and a great deal of attention is paid to the raising of cattle, sheep and hogs, and much interest is being developed in the introduction of blooded stock.  The northern, western and southern parts of the county are underlaid with valuable, easily worked veins of iron ore, coal, limestone and fire-clay, which since the advent of the Columbus, Hocking Valley and Toledo railroad, in the spring of 1880, is being rapidly developed.  This railroad has an incline side track to the river at Gallipolis for the convenient transfer of freight with the Ohio river boats.

GALLIPOLIS
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One of the Most Enterprising and Live Cities in Southern Ohio.

     GALLIPOLIS, the seat of justice of Gallia county, is beautifully located on the Ohio river, 200 miles above Cincinnati, and 267 miles from Pittsburgh.  The situation and surroundings rival in beauty any city we have ever seen.  Located in a beautiful valley which is so high as never to be reached by the highest water ever known in the Ohio river, overlooking a long reach of La Belle Riverie, and a vast expanse of the West Virginia river lands having a back ground of picturesque and beautiful hills, exceedingly well laid off and built up with elegant business houses, stately mansions and magnificent public buildings  all combine to make Gallipolis one of the most beautiful cities in the Ohio valley.

EARLY SETTLEMENT.

     On June 8, 1790, a party of forty men landed at the site of Gallipolis, cleared ground, erected forts and cabins, and made preparations for a colony of five hundred French emigrants that arrived here during the last week of October, 1790, and took possession.  At an early meeting of the settlers the town was named Gallipolis (town of the French.)  On what is now the public square had been erected eighty log cabins, twenty in a row.  At each of the corners were block-houses two stories in height.  In front of the cabins, close by the river bank, was a small log breast-work, erected for defense while building the cabins.  Above the cabins on the square, were two other parallel rows of cabins, which, with a high stockade fence and block houses at each of the

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upper corners, formed a sufficient fortifications in times of danger. These upper cabins were a story-and-a-half in height, built of hewn logs and furnished in better style than those below, being intended for the wealthier class, and for those appointed to superintend and manage the interests of the colony.  In one of these was a room used for a council chamber and a ball room, in which balls, soriees, etc., were regularly given, at which the etiquette of St. Cloud was observed.
     The occasional loss of cattle was about all the colonists suffered at the hands of the Indians, excepting the killing of one French settler, and one man and woman made prisoners, who had ventured some distance from the town, although there were frequent losses sustained by the American troops, in their encounters with them in the vicinity.  In 1791, flat boats, loaded with troops, descended the Ohio river in an expedition against the Indians, which met with signal defeat.  The Indians were encouraged to greater depredations by their success in this encounter, but their efforts were directed mostly against the American settlements and the Gallipolis colony was nearly free from their depredations, for the reason, no doubt, that being almost wholly French, the hostile tribes fortunately imagined them to be from the French settlers of Canada years from the time of the establishment of the colony at Gallipolis but three hundred of the settlers were left, these however resolved to make a memorial of their grievances and send it to Congress.  The memorial claimed no rights from that body, but was a detail of their wrongs and sufferings, together with an appeal to their generosity, and they did not appeal in vain.   Monsieur Jean G. Gervais started with the petition, and at Philadelphia met a lawyer, M. Duponcean, through whose aid he obtained from Congress a grant of 24,000 acres of land, known by the name of the “French Grant” located opposite Little Sandy, for those people, who were still residents at Gallipolis.  The act annexed the condition of settling on the lands for three years before the deed of gift would be given.  M. Gervais received 4,000 acres of this land for his services in the transaction, by previous agreement. Each inhabitant had thus a tract of 217½ acres of land; but before the surveys and other arrangements could be made, some time elapsed, during which those who had reclaimed the wilderness and improved Gallipolis, being reluctant to lose all their labor, and finding that a company, owning the lands of Marietta, had met to divide lands which they had purchased in a common stock, the colonists sent a deputation with a proposal to sell to them the tract where Gallipolis is situated, and to be valued and paid for in proportion to the improvements made, which was accepted.  When at last a distribution of the lots of the French grant was achieved, some sold their shares, others went to settle on it, while many sent tenants.  In fact, but few of them had the courage and hardihood to enter again into the trials, difficulties and dangers, after their previous experience, attending the establishment of a new home in the wilderness; but few, also, of the original settlers remained at Gallipolis.

INCORPORATION.

     The first act of the legislature to incorporate Gallipolis was passed Feb. 17, 1804, which vested the corporate powers in five trustees, a president and re-

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corder.  In 1838 the office of president was changed to Major.  Having a population exceeding 5,000 inhabitants, Gallipolis was on Feb. 10, 1865, advanced to a city of the second class, and elected a mayor and council.  In 1873, they elected as additional officers, auditor, marshal, treasurer, commissioner, civil engineer and solicitor.  The officers elected for the incorporated village in 1808, were J. P. R. Bureau, president; Francis LeClercq, recorder; Thos. Rodgers, John Miller, Christopher Enienne, Jos. Devachl and C. R. Menager, trustees; The following is a list of the present city officials : Mayor, Horace R. Bradbury; Clerk, C. H. D. Summers; Marshal, Jos. F. Martin; Auditor, E. Lincoln Neal; Civil Engineer, J. R. White; Councilmen, E. W. Vanden, C. C. Mack, Jno. Pepple, C. A. Clendinen, J. M. Kerr, Thos. W. Hayward, Aaron Frank, Henry Beall.

TOPOGRAPHY.

     Gallipolis is located on the bank of the Ohio river, 200 miles above Cincinnati and 267 miles from Pittsburgh, and as well be seen from the following extracts taken from "The Great Flood of 1884: is situated where it is high and dry at all times.
     “The city of Gallipolis, not being a sufferer by the flood, and being but little inconvenienced thereby, has no tale of cruel devastation and loss to be told.  Her part in that thrilling and never-to-be-forgotten drama was that of the ‘Good Samaritan’— ‘The Angel of Mercy’— hence, what we shall say of her comes appropriately here.  Being one of the oldest and most favorably known towns on the river, and with her sons and daughters scattered over every state and territory in the Union, it is the ONLY REALLY HIGH WATER TOWN OF NOTE IN THE OHIO VALLEY.  Providence so decreed, and so it is.  It is simply the statement of a cold and solid fact in this connection.  She did not survey the situation, however, with a cold and unsympathizing heart, nor turn deaf ears to the wailing cries of the distressed ones around her.  The first acts of kindness began with those closest and most immediately related, Point Pleasant, Addison, Cheshire, Chambersburg, Middleport, Athalia, and extending up and down the river as far as her arms could reach.  Private subscriptions enabled her to do this, until aid from the interior began to flow in for her use.  The City Council made an appropriation of $500 immediately, and the Board of Health and Township agreed to take care of any of our people living in the bottoms around us, who were suffering or being discommoded, or in need of assistance.  But it is not our purpose to go into details of the work of the Relief Committee.”
     “W. R. White, Esq., surveyor for the county, at our request, took his instruments and collected the following facts related to our position here above highest waters: The Betz Opera House, corner of Second and State streets, above high-water mark, one foot five and three-quarters inches; first floor of Park Central Hotel, opposite corner, one foot eight and one-half inches; first floor of the block owned by John Sanns, P. A. Sanns and Son, and Capt. Jas. McClurg, on Second, fronting the Park, three feet one-half inches; first floor of the Ohio Valley Bank, on Second, fronting the Park, first floor of Fred Dage’ stove foundry, corner of Second and Grape, two feet eight inches; first

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floor Eureka Mills Morgan Bros., corner of Third and Grape, seven feet five inches; first floor of Geneva Hotel, opposite Eureka Mills, seven feet five inches; Wm. C. Miller’s block, corner Third and Court Streets, five feet four inches; first floor Buckeye Mills, Lawson and Bell, north-west end of State street, eight feet; first floor of Union School Building, corner Fourth and Locust, eight feet five and one-half inches; lowest step of Court House, between Front and Second, eight feet three and one-half inches; first floor of the M. E. Church corner Second and Cedar streets, two feet five and one-half inches.  The general average of the twelve points taken above, which represent neither the lowest and not the highest points in the town by several feet, is five feet and one-half inches, Surveyor White says: ‘The foregoing points taken are a very fair average elevation of the greater portion of the city.  The grade of some of the streets having been cut down from two to eight feet below the general surface, having caused slight overflows on Front or River street, at its intersection with the cross streets; yet the buildings are almost all from three to six feet above the highest marks of Feb. 11, 1884— they having been built before the grading was done, and the lots on which they stand all being higher than the streets. Thus it will be seen that it would have taken at least five feet above the highest mark to have caused any damage.’  We might add, in this connection that though no part of the plateau of the city is on a hill or hill side, yet there is a very large portion of the city in Upper or East End, where the level of the street is much higher than any point taken.  It is therefore seen by the reader that when we say that Gallipolis is a ‘high and dry’ town, above the highest water ever known, it is not idle boast, but a literal fact of which we should be justly proud.

Gallia Children's Home.

     In April, 1883, the question of an appropriation for the building of a Children’s Home, was submitted to a vote of the citizens, and the contract

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awarded in June, 1884.  The building was duly completed and is located in Section 1, Springfield township about three miles from Gallipolis.  It is a beautiful structure and the farm which is in good repair and located in a good neighborhood, contains 115 acres of fine land.  The present superintendent and matron are Mr. and Mrs. Lafayette Gaston.  The number o*f children are about sixty.

THE LODGES AND THEIR EARLY HISTORY. - By Wm. Nash.

     Gallipolis has the usual number of secret and benevolent organizations, which are doing good work in their spheres.
     Morning Dawn Lodge No. 7, F. & A. M., is the oldest.  It secured a Dispensation in 1810, General E. W. Tupper was the first Master.  General Andrew Lewis, of Point Pleasant, W. Va.. its first S. W., and Col. Robt. Safford of this county its first J. W.  The present membership is large and flourishing.  Its first meetings were held in an upper room of the Fairchild house, on the corner of 3d and Locust Streets, since torn down.  Subsequently their meetings were held in the second story of the Academy building, then situated on the lot now occupied by the Regnier and Fenner buildings.  The Academy building was destroyed by fire in July, 1847.
     The second organization was that of the Odd Fellows, which occurred in 1850.  Only one of its charter members is now living—James Harper, Esq.  It has a large membership and is in a flourishing condition.  It has recently organized Canton, Sanns, Patriarchs Militant, with a fair membership.
     Then we have the K. of P., National Union, Knights of Monor, the B. P. O. E., the G. A. R., W. R. C., S. of V., and sundry other associations, partaking more of a moral than benevolent character, all of which have a tendency to strengthen the social and moral features of our city.
     The town organized its first Fire Department in 1845, and bought a small hand engine.  It was a volunteer organization and Capt. Alexander Vance was Chief.  From that small beginning has grown up our present efficient Fire Department with its two steam engines, one of the very best organizations of its kind in the State.
     About 1833, some of our leading citizens organized the Gallipolis Lyceum and built a hall for its accommodation on the lot occupied then and now by the Presbyterian church.  This organization lasted for many years, the talent of the town gathering there and discussing the leading questions of the day.  Among the members were Dr. C. L. V. Bureau, Hon. Judge Simeon Nash, Hon. J. J. Coombs, General Lewis Newsom, Alonzo Cushing, Esq., Hiram Fisher, and many others not remembered.  These person are all dead.  After the death of the organization, the building was removed across the street and is now used by the McCormick Bros., in connection with their livery stable.

CHURCHES AND RELIGION.

     METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH - The first Methodist preaching in this vicinity was by the Rev. Henry Baker, about the year 1817.  There being no house of worship, the meeting was held at the residence of Ahaz S. Morehouse.  In 1821 the first Methodist church building was erected; the building was occupied for twenty-eight years, when it was so badly damaged by the storm that

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it was abandoned, and in 1849, they erected another edifice at a cost of $1,675.  The new church which they now occupy, was begun in the summer of 1875, and dedicated by Bishop R. S. Foster, June 25, 1876. This structure is 70x86 feet with a lecture room 45x50, six class rooms and a vestibule below.  The upper room is equal to about seventy feet square; comfortable seating capacity, 700, with a gallery seating 150.  The church has a membership of 666 and is presided over by Rev. P. A. Baker who is a native of Jackson county, has been in the ministry for the past six years and was appointed to fill his present position in September, 1889.

     THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH - This church is an outgrowth of the first religious society of the township of Gallipolis it being formed on Mar. 15, 1815.  Prominent among the founders of this society were General Edward W. Tupper, Jonas Safford, Lewis Newsom, Nathaniel Gates, Thomas Rodgers and Nathaniel Cushing.  On Sept. 16, 1828, the corner store of the Presbyterian church was laid, with appropriate ceremonies.  At this time Gallipolis had a population of about 700.  In 1873, extensive improvements were made on the church edifice, a new tower being constructed, new sittings furnished, new windows put in and the interior remodeled.  This society is in a flourishing condition, having a membership of 234.  The pastor, Rev. R. H. Coulter has been officiating in this church for the past six years.

     THE CATHOLIC CHURCH - By reference to the preceding history of the settlement of Gallipolis, we find the Catholic region, the first observed.  One or more priests came with the first settlers from France, arriving with them in October 1790, and mass was held every Sunday morning in the Council room, within the stockade upon the public square.  After the above date no permanent organization seems to have been attempted until 1852, when Bishop Purcell came here and purchased a site on Grape street, between Second and Third.  A new edifice was erected on this lot and has since been used as a place of worship.  Dec. 25, 1887, Father J. B. Oeink took charge of this diocese and since successfully conducted it.  The church has a membership of 150.

     UNIVERSALIST CHURCH - The Universal doctrine was preached in Gallipolis as early as 1830, by Revs. Sweet, Waldo and others, services being then held in the Court House.  This was continued until 1850, when funds were raised by public subscription and largely through the energy of the late Charles Creuzet, (who also donated a lot for the purpose) a commodious church was erected, dedicated in October, 1860.  In 1877, the church was organized, officers elected, and a presiding elder installed, since which time the church has grown and prospered.

     BAPTIST CHURCH - About the year 1852, the first society of Baptists was organized in the city.  They erected a neat church on Third Street, but through some mismanagement they were compelled to dispose of their building and it was sold to the German Lutherans.  From that time they et in various places to worship until 1884, when they reorganized and erected the building they now occupy.  C. A. McMannis, the presiding pastor has been here since Feb. 1889.  Membership 111.

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     THE EPISCOPAL CHURCH - In 1840-41, Rev. James B. Goodwin, a missionary of the Episcopal church of the Diocese of Virginia, held occasional services in the Court House.  The first parish organization was effected Dec. 22, 1841, and members of the vestry chosen.  In May, 1858, the vestry purchased of the Board of Education, city lot No. 217 with the school house thereon, paying $700.  A building committee was appointed to erect a church edifice on this lot which was accordingly done, and the new building was opened for public worship Sunday, Dec. 19, 1858.  The church was consecrated Apr. 12, 1859, by Bishop Chas P. McIlvaine.  The total cost of lot and structure was $2,341.

     GALLIPOLIS IN THE WAR - BY JAMES HARPER.   The war history of Gallipolis would fill a volume of interesting reading if space would permit.  this city was a depot of supplies for the army almost from the firing of the first gun in 1861.  Exposed as we were upon the southern order of the State, with tons of ammunition housed in the old market space, several immense warehouses filled with commissaries, that covered a large space of our public Park, and a military hospital, for the accommodation of large fields of operation, Gallipolis was rendered a point of magnificent attraction to the enemy, and our citizens felt the responsibility and were equal to the times and occasion.  Several military companies were organized for border service, composed of young men, middle-aged and gray-beards, respectively, who were vigilant, resolute and daring, giving their time and service for months without compensation or reward.  The first company organized was officered by Capt. Henry Grayum and Lieuts Jas. Harper and H. N. Ford,  Upon reorganization it was commanded by Capt. James Harper, Lieuts. H. N. Ford and John A. Vanden, ordered into general service and co-operated with companies A and B of the 31st O. V. I. in the protection of the immense government stores of this place.  These companies were afterwards superseded by the Trumbull Guards, who served at this post until the close of the war. 
     In 1863 our city was raided on the north and south, the former by General John Morgan and the latter by General Albert G. Jenkins, who captured Pt. Pleasant and destroyed the Government stores, while the bold raider, General Morgan, confined his destructive operations a few miles north of our city, and surrendered eleven hundred of his command under Gen. Basil Duke on the hill-top above Addison in this county, to General Judah who was aided by the Gallia militia.  When Gen. Jenkins' command captured Pt. Pleasant, Capt. Harper's Company, the Gallia Guards (then mustered out of service) volunteered for the fight, and with the Trumbull Guards under Lieut. Gillman and Freer, crossed the Ohio river, and released Capt. Carter's Company of West Virginia veterans, who were besieged in the Court House, and retook the town.
     During the first year of the war the Union School building was taken possession of and occupied for a hospital, but as military operations in this section became extended the hospital had to be increased, and consequently the beautiful grounds in the northeastern portion of our city were occupied for this purpose, and suitable buildings erected, where the noble ladies of our city and county vied with each other in furnishing and bestowing luxuries upon the sick and the wounded veterans.  Nor were these kind officers confined alone to

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the sick and disabled, for the ladies of Gallipolis were nobled-hearted and patriotic, and never missed an opportunity to provide warm meals, free of charge, to the soldiers, by companies and regiments, as they passed through our city, and this aside from the hundreds of refugees who were made welcome and comfortable by those grand matrons, who other wise would have suffered untold hardships.
     Our hill-tops still bear traces of fortifications and the stern realities of the late war, and it has been only a few years since the old gunboat Carondelet, which figured so prominently in our Naval Service, did equally grand service at our landing as a wharf-boat.

THE MODERN CITY.

     The town is pleasantly located on the bank of the Ohio river, and the pure and healthy air and delightful scenery combine to render it a desirable place of residence.  It is located in the midst of a good farming community, which furnishes a lucrative trade to a large number of business houses, the retail stores comparing favorably in style and appearance (as well as in amount of business transacted) with those of any city of like size in the State.  Our educational, religious and social advantages are second to none, while in the matter of highways and streets, gas, fire protections, fine public buildings and park, and everything that goes to make up a live city, Gallipolis is fully abreast the times.
     The streets are wide, regular, and dotted with handsome shade trees, filled with a luxurious foliage.  In all parts of the city the residences are conspicuous for neat appearance, while most of them are surrounded by grassy lawns, presenting an air of thrift and comfort.  The number of elegant stone and brick mansions is surprisingly large for a city of this size, and indicative of wealth, refinement and cultivation of a high order.
     The commercial and mercantile interests of the city are represented by a class of live, energetic, enterprising business men, and the commercial record and aspect of Gallipolis will compare favorably with cities of much larger population.  Some of the largest and most successful wholesale houses in the Ohio valley are located here, and the retail trade is kept well in hand by enterprising merchants.  Three points especially favorable to Gallipolis as a desirable place to locate:  First, the annual rise in Ohio river never reaches a point where damage results; second, the fact that this is the most healthful location in the Ohio valley, the death rate being lower than at any other point on the river; and third, the extreme cheapness of living.  These taken with the fact that there is plenty of room for all who will locate here and a hearty welcome awaiting them, makes it an especially desirable point of location.  The public buildings county located here will compare favorably with any city of its size in the State, while the city buildings are splendidly built and admirably arranged.  The religious and educational interests of the city are well up with the times, there being six elegant churches, and, besides the public school some very important institutions of learning prominent among them being the two departments at Washington school erected in 1857 and 1883  respectively, and at a cost of about $40,000; Lincoln school erected

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in 1867 and costing $10,000 and the Gallia Academy.  These all, together with the public schools, have a splendid enrollment and able corps of teachers.  The Board of Trade is one of the strongest organizations of its character in this section of the Ohio Valley, and is composed of the leading business and professional men of the city.  Gen. Jno. L. Vance, staff officer of Gov. Campbell and editor of the Gallipolis Bulletin, is President; Mr. C. Fred Henking, of the wholesale grocery house of Henking, Bovie & Co., is Vice-President; Mr. P. L. Wall, general insurance and real estate agent, is Secre-  

Gallia Court House.

tary, and Mr. H. R. Bradburg, cashier First National Bank, treasurer.  The directors are:  A. Henking, B. F. Barlow, W. B. Shober,; S. A. Dunbar, Ed. W. Vanden, Dr. Jas A. Lupton, James Mullineux, jr., John R. McCormick, S. Silverman, C. A. Hill.  These gentlemen are doing great things for the benefit of the city, and Gallipolis owes much of her prosperity to the untiring efforts of the city, and Gallipolis owes much of her prosperity to the untiring efforts of the live energetic, wide-awake Board of Trade.  One of the most important movements now on foot is that to secure the location at this place of the State Epileptic Asylum, and the Board of Trade, who have been earnestly laboring through their able president, Gen. Jno. L. Vance, and others to secure this institution, have now every reason to believe that this institution will be located here by the legislature now in session at Columbus.  This, if secured, will add largely to the interests of the city.

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Gallipolis' Most Enterprising Citizens and Business Men.

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Henry Alexander,
Sample Room,
Third Street Gallipolis.
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     WHEN writing up the business of this place, we with pleasure call the attention of readers of this work to the gentleman’s place whose name heads this article.  Mr. Alexander was born in Monroe county, West Virginia in the year 1854, came to this city 26 years ago, and has been a resident ever since.  He has run the business he now operates thirteen years.  By his honorable way of dealing with the people for so many years he has gained the confidence and good will of all the citizens of Gallipolis.  He carries a full line of liquors, wine, ale and beer, you will always find the best brand of cigars and tobacco in stock.  We will say to the people of this city and surrounding country that you will find his place a neat and orderly kept saloon free from loafers and hangers on.  Mr. Alexander is to-day recognized as one of this town’s most honorable and respected citizens.

J. L. Ayres,
Merchant Tailor.
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     MR. J. S. AYRES, the proprietor of the above named firm, is a native of Jackson, West Virginia, born in 1854.  When nineteen years of age be apprenticed himself to a leading tailoring establishment of this city.  After having learned his trade he worked in several large cities of this and other States and came here in 1890 and opened up a shop on west Second street.  He makes a specialty of cutting and making pantaloons, and has a large number of samples of the latest and most popular goods, from which customers can select and have the

goods ordered immediately.  He is also prepared to clean and repair clothing, and at a small cost can make a soiled garment look almost like a new one.  He uses no chemicals that will injure or destroy the goods in cleaning.  Anyone desiring a fashionable made pair of pantaloons at a very moderate cost or any work done in his line would do well to patronize Mr. Ayres.

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A. L. Betz,
Sample Room,
Corner and Cedar Streets,
Gallipolis, Ohio
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     Of the different business enterprises in this place there is none that has a more steady trade than the one that heads this sketch.  Mr. Betz is a native of this place and has always been considered one of its most respected citizens.  The business he now operates is one of the most popular in the city.  He carries a full line of choice whiskies, brandies, wines, beer, ale, and all popular soft drinks.  You will find onotap at all times the celebrated Christian Moerlien Beer, of Cincinnati, fresh and cool; and here is the place you get the Big Schooner.  Hot soup at all hours.  Give Mr. Betz a call and you will find his place orderly, and free from loafers and hangers-on.

Billups Brothers,
Meat Market.
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     The members of this firm are J. S. and G. S. Billups, both natives of Louisa, Ky., born in 1862 and 1864 respectively.  They were given a good common school education by their parents.  They have been engaged in their present business since their boyhood days, excepting a few years spent as a dry goods clerk by G. S., the younger brother.  They have been in business here since 1890.  The interior of their shop is very handsomely and appropriately fitted up and finished, fine marble slabs covering the counters, a large and improved refrigerator for preserving the meat cool and sweet during hot weather, and everything about the premises is a model of cleanliness and purity. They keep constantly on hand a fresh supply of beef, pork, mutton, veal, lamb, chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, oysters, game in season, smoked and cured meats of all kinds, pork and bologna sausages, liver pudding, head cheese, lard, etc.  They do all their own butchering, and buy nothing but young, healthy, fat stock, and anything sent out from their shop may be relied upon as being fresh, wholesome and palatable.  These young men are strictly temperate, neither using intoxicants nor tobacco, which is especially commendable in any one handling meat.  They do an extensive business among the better class of citizens and have the reputation of being honest and reliable in all their dealings.  By doing all of their own work they can sell their meats as cheap if not cheaper than any other house in town.  All orders for meat will be delivered promptly to any part of the city free.

Frank Brown,
Sample and Lunch Room,
Olive St., Gallipolis, O.
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     We call the attention of the thousands of readers of this directory to the gentleman's business whose name heads this notice.  Mr. Brown runs a neat and nicely fitted up place opposite the C., H. V. & T. R. R. depot, where the people traveling to and from this place can find anything to quench thirst or satisfy hunger.  He carries a full line of liquors, wines, beer, ale, and all soft drinks.  Drop in and see Frank when waiting for a train and see if you are not nicely waited on and get the best in market.

P. Canady,
Meat Market,
Second Street, Gallipolis, O.
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     WHEN writing of this city's business men this work would not be complete without mentioning the gentleman's business that heads this sketch.  Mr. Canaday is a native of this place, born and raised here; is

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thirty years of age, and has been recognized as one of the pushing business en of this place.  He started the place he now operates fourteen years ago and to-day enjoys as good a trade as any one in the business in this county.  You will always find on hand the best cuts of beef, veal, pork, mutton, fresh and salted meats of all kinds.  You will find Mr. Canaday always ready to wait on you with anything found in a first-class meat market.  We will say to the citizens of Gallipolis, that all you have to do is to give him a call and see if  our picture is overdrawn.

N. R. Canaday,
Grocer, Corner Front and Sycamore Sts.

     WHEN writing to the people of this section of Ohio we will say that of the business men of Gallipolis the gentleman's name which heads this sketch is one of the leaders.  Mr. Canaday, is a native of Virginia, but came to Gallia county with his parents when but two years olds.  He was raised and educated here, and has been recognized as one of the most enterprising business men of this county, for a number of years. It has been thirteen years since he opened up the grocery business he now so successively operates.  You will always find in stock a fresh and full line of staple and fancy groceries, provisions, notions, cigars, tobaccos, salt and smoked meats, and any article found in a first-class store of this kind.  Mr. Canaday has built up a trade that is the envy of his competitors, but by fair and honest dealing he now enjoys the confidence and good will of the community.  We will say to the citizens of Gallipolis and Gallia county that all we ask of you is to give this gentleman a call and see if what we have said is true. In connection with this flourishing business, Mr. Canaday operates one of the largest gardens in southern Ohio.  The tract of land contains twelve acres, and the products from it is a fine variety of all vegetables found in the market.  The amount realized the past season was enormous.  We will say in conclusion that this man is one of the kind to make any town boom.

J. C. Canaday,
Grocery and Sample Room,
Corner Third and Olive St.

     WHEN writing of the different business men of this place it is with pleasure we refer to the gentleman's name which heads this sketch.  Mr. Canada is a native of this place, born in the year 1847, and has been a resident ever since.  He opened the business he now so successfully operates twelve years ago, and by his honest dealing with the citizens he now enjoys one of the best trades in the city.  He carries a full line of groceries, provisions, notions, canned and bottled goods, and any article found in a first-class store of this kind.  He runs a sample room in connection with his store, where can always be found a full line of pure liquors, wines, and all popular soft drinks.  He handles the celebrated Christian Moerlein Beer of Cincinnati, and has it on tap fresh and cool.  Call and see Mr. Canaday and see if what we have said is true.

John W. Clark,
House Painting and Paper Hanging.

     MR. JOHN W. CLARK, our popular sign and house painter is a native of Mason county, W. Va., born in 1852.  He came to this city with his parents when quite small.  He has been engaged in his present business for the past fifteen years.  He is prepared to do sign paintings, house painting ,graining, glazing, paper hanging, etc.  He furnishes all his own material if desired, and will go to any part of this or adjoining counties.  He is considered the most skillful workman of this section of the state.  His sign painting and graining needs only to be seen to be admired.  He employs none but the best workmen,

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and all of his work in each department is sure to render satisfaction.  Any one desiring work in his line would do well to address or call on him at Galipolis, O.

F. O. Fowler,
Photographer,
 Masonic Block, over Smith & Ball's Dry Goods Stores.

     IN no trade or profession is there required a nicer perception of the properties, a finer artistic training, or a more accurate knowledge of the laws of perspective in light or shade than in photography; and the tendency of an occupation of this nature is to develop in the artist the most critical and analytical distinction of lights and shades.  But only the native genius which belongs to the true artist, can properly comprehend the true effect of each in its exact relation to the subject.  Indeed, the practical business photographer can only secure the highest results form the possession of those normal qualities which comprehend the adaptation of science to art.  These reflections are the result of brief consideration of the good work exhibited by artists and photographers, who are entitled to high rank in  his profession.  We refer to F. O. Fowler, who is a native of Covington, Ky., born in the year 1860, came to Gallipolis in 1883, and has been engaged in this business for a number of years.  Here is clearly manifest to the connoisseur a natural gift, conjoined with a scientific knowledge of chemical adaptation in the production of light and shades, especially in his success in securing correct lines and the skill and taste necessary to produce the strongest and most subtle life-like effects.  With these qualities in his favor, together with all the modern appliances, he has been enabled to establish one of the most popular art studios, in southern Ohio.  The gallery is of good dimensions, and embraces the reception, operating, printing, finishing and toilet rooms.  All the modern appliances are used, including one of the finest sky-lights in this part of the State.  All kinds of work are executed from the common size photograph to a life sized portrait in crayon, water color or India ink.  The walls are handsomely decorated with specimens of art produced by this firm, and several fine show cases in the reception room also, present evidences of his skill as an artist.  We would say to our many readers that Mr. Fowler is the finest artist in this city. 

Gebhart & Cook,
Dealer in Millinery Goods, Trimmings, etc.,
Court Street.

    THERE is on department of commerce in which ladies are more interested than in millinery and fancy goods.  One of the new accessions of the city in this department, and one in which the fashionable part of society will be most interested, in the Millinery Emporium of Gebhart & Cook, on Court Street.  These ladies have a neatly furnished business room elegantly stocked with a fancy and stylish line of millinery and fancy goods, notions and many useful and ornamental articles for the home; and in the trimming department they enjoy the best facilities, and latest style and general taste displayed have given them a large and increasing trade.  They are in receipt of newest forms and fashions in trimmings as rapidly as they make their appearance in our eastern cities.  These ladies have six assistants, and anyone needing anything in this line will do well to call and see them.

John Hawk,
Sample and Lunch Room,
Olive Street.

     WHEN furnishing information to the stranger, as this work in intended, we with pleasure refer you to the gentleman's place heading this sketch.  Mr. Hawk is a native of Pennsylvania born in the city of Pittsburg, but came to this county twenty years ago and has been a resident ever

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since.  He opened the place he now operates seven months ago and has a first-class place, and all the travelers going or coming on the C. H. V. & T. R. R. will find he has just what you want in the way of a drink or lunch.  He carries a full line of the best brands of whiskies, wines, ale and beer and all popular soft drinks, and lunch of all kind.  To the public at large we will say that all who pay Mr. Hawk a visit will find him a gentleman, and his place nice and orderly, just opposite the depot.

J. L. Hayward,
Druggist,
Corner Second and Pine Streets.

     OUR drug and pharmaceutical establishments are conceded to be among the most attractive commercial houses of our leading cities, and among the old and established pharmacies of this city we notice especially that conducted by J. L. Hayward and located at the corner of Second and Pine streets.  Mr. Hayward is a native of this place, born here in the year 1835, in the first frame house in this now flourishing city.  He has been recognized all his life as one of the leading business men.  Ever since the year 1870 he has conducted the place on the corner of Second and Pine.  Mr. Hayward is a thoroughly practical pharmacist and enjoys the confidence of the medical fraternity and our citizens generally.  The premises occupied comprise a fine business room, while the stock carried embraces a complete line of pure drugs and chemicals, all popular and desirable patent medicines, perfumeries, toilet articles and druggist's sundries in large variety, pure wines and liquors for medical, sacramental, or mechanical purposes, fine cigars, tobacco, notions, etc.  Special attention is given to the accurate compounding of physician's prescriptions and family recipes from the purest ingredients.

Frank Ulsamer,
Proprietor,
Hotel Ulsamer,  
No. 200 and 204 Second Street

     WHEN recording in this Historical and Business Review of Gallia and Meigs counties the number of prominent business men, there is none that deserves more notice than the gentleman whose name heads this sketch, as he is to-day one of the leading and enterprising business men of Gallipolis, which gives him a wide acquaintance throughout the country.  All citizens and most visitors to Gallipolis are more or less familiar with the old and ever popular Hotel Ulsamer, located in the business center and on the principal thoroughfare of this city.  It is a substantial building, of which the above cut gives an accurate representation, plain and unpretentious in its outward guise, giving promise of the good cheer, the excellent food, the inviting beds and good home-like comforts you receive within its walls by the genial host, Mr. Frank Ulsamer.  The Hotel Ulsamer is a roomy, four story brick edifice, and is arranged with a view of convenience and the home-like entertainment of guests, rather than display.  The sleeping rooms are tidy, clean and well furnished, as are the parlors, dining and read-

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ing rooms.  The table is bountifully supplied with the best of everything obtainable in this market, including substantials and luxuries all prepared in superior style, appetizingly served, tempting and wholesome.  Mr. Ulsamer is a native of Germany, and came to America in 1870, locating in Cincinnati where he was in business eleven years, when he came to this city and purchased what is known today as the ever popular Hotel Ulsamer.  We will say that of the hundred business men we write of that Mr. Ulsamer is excelled by none.  He is enterprising, always ready to lend a helping hand to anything that will help advance the city, and if this city could dispose of a number of its "cranks" or fanatical residents for a number of men like Mr. Ulsamer this town would score a boom never heard of in this part of the State, as the city has every advantage needed, with a number of pushing men, to make it second to none in the State.  Mr. Ulsamer has in connection with his Hotel a first class sample room, where you can always find all popular brands of whiskies, brandies, wines both foreign and domestic, and all popular soft drinks, cigars, tobacco and etc.  All we ask of thousands of people who read this work is to pay this ever popular soft drinks, cigars, tobacco and etc.  All we ask of thousands of people who read this work is to pay this ever popular resort a visit and see this most popular of caterers to the public, the genial land-lord.

Charles F. Hudlin,
Sample Room,
Second Street, Gallipolis, Ohio.

     WHEN writing of the business representatives of this city we must say to the thousands of readers of this work that the popular resort of Mr. Charles Hudlin is among the most prominent in Gallipolis.  The bar fixtures are of the most modern design.  The bar is made of cherry, and the sideboard of the same material, decorated with French plate glass mirrors.  He carries a fine line of bourbon and rye whiskeys, wines, beer, and all popular soft drinks.  We quote the special brands of whiskey which you will always find at Charley's Place:  "Old Forester," "Old Crow," "Oscar Pepper," "J. E. Pepper," "Limestone: and "Gibson Rye."  A full line of cigars and tobacco.  He has in connection with his sample room a pool and billiard parlor for the accommodation of lovers of that sport.  You will find Mr. Hudlin and his courteous bar tender, Mr. Frank Curry, always ready to supply you with all fancy mixed drinks found in a first-class place, such as is kept by Charley

John Kuebler,
Boot, Shoe and Leather Dealer.

     MR. JOHN KUEBLER is a native of Germany, born in 1852.  He came to America in 1882 and first located in Mercer county, Ohio, where he worked at his trade eight months, and afterwards worked for two years at Greenup, Ky., and came to Gallipolis in 1885.  He is prepared to do all kinds of custom work and repairing at lowest prices, guaranteeing

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satisfaction in every case.  He keeps constantly on hand a large supply of sample shoes, that is, shoes that have been used by traveling salesman as samples in selling stock.  These shoes become more or less soiled in handling and consequently are sold at greatly reduced prices.  They are usually of the finest and best quality, both in workmanship and material, embracing men's fine calf and kangaroo in congress, button, balmoral, either plain or tipped, also Katora kid, French calf, calf glove, kip brogans and plow shoes, and women's French kid, Katora kid and pebble goat in button or lace.  He also sells leather and shoemakers' supplies in either large or small quantities.  He buys large quantities of sample goods and any one desiring an extra fine pair of shoes at a trifling cost can get them any time by calling at his place of business on Third street.  Mr. Kuebler has the reputation of being an honest, upright business man and is meeting with a constantly increasing trade.

John L. Kuhn,
Grocer and Liquor Dealer.

     AS one of the old and reliable business men of the city we make mention of Mr. Kuhn.  He is a native of Germany, and came to America in 1833.  He located in Pittsburgh, Pa., and remained there sixteen years.  He first engaged in the lock business, which he followed one year, and then was engaged in the wall paper business six years, after which he served as clerk in a wholesale and retail liquor store five years, then engaged as foreman in a wall paper factory for five more years.  He then came to Ohio and engaged in the cigar manufacturing and grocery business in which he continued seventeen years, and then quit the cigar business and continued in the grocery and liquor business.  He carries a nice line of choice groceries, including coffees, teas, sugars, tobacco, and cigars, and has in connection a sample room, where he keeps a full line of pure rye whisky, lager beer, ale and porter, and is considered one of the most popular and reliable institutions of its class.  He always conducts an orderly house, and enjoys the esteem, confidence, and patronage of all unprejudiced citizens.

C. W. Leeper,
Manufacturer of Tin and Galvanized Iron Roofing,
and Dealer in Stoves, Ranges, Tinware and Galvanized Cornice.

     THIS is the most extensive and complete establishment of its kind in the city, and hence is worthy of special mention.  The business was established one year ago by Mr. Leeper and has already attained quite an enviable reputation through the energy and enterprise of the gentleman conducting it. Mr. Leeper carries a large stock of the best variety of heat and cooking stoves and ranges, from the leading foundries of the United States, together with the leading and most approved gasoline and oil stoves.  In the stock is found an extensive variety of tin, copper and sheet iron ware of his own manufacture, and a large assortment of house furnishing goods.  Mr. Leeper does a large contract business in tin, slate and metal roofing, and throughout the city and country are many evidences of the durability and excellence of the work of the establishment in this line.  He is also an extensive manufacturer of tin and galvanized spouting, and will supply contractors and builders with galvanized cornice.  He devotes particular attention to all kinds of job work, and repairing. He employs three men, all skilled mechanics in this line; he can guarantee satisfaction to all patrons.  For all goods or work in this branch of industry this well known establishment is recognized as headquarters in this section.  Persons desiring work, in this line will consult their own interests by opening business relations with this representative establishment.

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Geo. B. Little,
Livery, Feed and Sale Stable
No. 109 and 111 Second Street,
Gallipolis, Ohio

     WHEN noticing the different business of Gallipolis, there is none more worthy of mention than that operated by Mr. Little.  He is a native of Ireland, sixty-one years of age, came to this country in the year 1848, locating in Philadelphia, Pa.; securing a position as clerk in the grocery business for a Mr. Pease, but afterwards went in the livery business, and still later conducted a hotel in Philadelphia and New York City, in all six years.  He then came to Ironton, this state, in 1864, bought a hotel but sold out in one year and bought land in Lawrence and Gallia counties, and has been recognized as one of the largest land owners and farmers in this part of the country.  Two years ago, being tired of country life, he came to Gallipolis and purchased the barn and ground where he now does business, but last February his barn burned with a number of horses, buggies, and an enormous lot of grain and feed of all kinds.  Immediately after the fire began the building he now occupies.  It is 175 feet deep with a front of forty feet, two stories high, which makes it to-day, with out a doubt, the finest barn in southern Ohio.  He keeps a stock of twenty head of horses and that number of fine carriages, buggies, hacks, etc., and the traveling public and country at large can always be accommodated with first class turn outs at reasonable rates.  We will say to the readers of his book that all you have to do is to pay Mr. Little a visit and he will with pleasure show you through his large barn, then see if what we have said is not right.  He runs in connection with his livery business one of the finest line of hacks in the state, and is in fact the only first-class line in the town for conveying passengers to and from all hotels, depots and boat landings.

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John W. McConnell,
General Grocer.

     MR. JOHN W. McCONNELL, the subject of our sketch was born in Wheeling W. Va., in the year 1844; came with his parents to Ohio in 1852 and we find him to-day one of Gallipolis' most reliable business men.  He is located on Vine Street, and keeps a full line of staple groceries, including sugars, coffee, green and roasted, pure spices, canned and bottled goods, etc.  He also buys and sells all kinds of country produce, for which he pays the highest cash prices  His room is 40 x 50 feet in dimensions, with an adjoining room, which is stocked with a full and complete line of stoneware, fruit jars, glassware, tinware, etc., and is farmers' headquarters for anything in this line, as he can sell cheaper than Second street merchants who have high rents to pay.  Then you can also buy your sugar at the same place to put up your fruits.  This is the place to buy all of your groceries, for he has but little expense and can conduct his store a year on the same expense that it would take to conduct it a month in the business center of the town, and the time has come when people trade where they can buy the cheapest, so this is one of the places to go.  Just try him once and you will be sure to go again.

W. H. McCormick & Son,
Livery, Feed and Sale Stable, Hack line
and Ohio River Rail Road.

     AS one of the leading establishments of this kind in Gallipolis we make mention of this enterprise.  The business was established by the senior member Mr. W. H. McCormick in 1865.  They have now every facility for meeting their large and growing trade.  Their barn is situated on Court street, and is a fine brick building 60x176 feet in dimensions and two stories in height, and has every accommodations for livery purposes and the boarding and care of horses and carriages.  They keep thirty-five head of fine driving horses, either single or in teams and have twenty-five hacks carriages, buggies, etc., and will furnish stylish teams for parties, weddings, funerals etc., with careful drivers, and the turnouts are not surpassed for style or utility by any firm in southern Ohio.  Special attention is given to boarding horses and the best of care and attention is paid to teams

entrusted to their care.  This firm have in connection a hack and transfer line and are prepare to transfer all passengers to and from all trains, steam boats, and are the agents for the Ohio River Rail road transfer line, and will promptly deliver all passengers, trunks and parcels to hotels or any part of the city.  J. R. McCormick is agent for the Ohio River rail road and under his management the best interests of the company, and the people at large are well cared for.  This firm are also extensive dealers in ice.  This department of their business was established in 1865.  They are at present making a specialty of Lake Ice and are prepared to deliver ice to customers in any part of the city, and will take orders from the country or boats, picnics, parties for ice in any quantity and at the lowest rates.  W. H. McCormick, the senior member of this firm, is a native of this county born in 1828; has resided in this city for the last fifty-four years.  Mr. J. R. McCormick is a native of this city, born in 1855, and has been identified with the livery business for the last twenty years.  This firm, by their adherence to sound business methods, have become universally pop-

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ular in social and business circles and enjoy the confidence of our best business men and all good citizens.

Chas. Mack, Jr.,
Wholesale Dealers in Queensware,
China, Glassware, Stoneware, etc.,
Third Street.

   THIS concern was established by Chas. Mack and Son 1874 and conducted by them until 1885, when Chas. Mack, Jr. was admitted to the business and the present firm name was adopted.  Two floors besides the basement are occupied with their large stock and a number of clerks are employed, who are usually kept busy during business hours, in both wholesale and retail departments, waiting upon a large number of visitors, many of whom call merely to admire and end by purchasing - fo rafter all there is nothing more tempting the well regulated feminine heart than a rich and well arranged display of rare china and glittering glassware, eloquent of purity, beauty and luxury.  This firm carries a general line of everything pertaining to the trade, making a specialty of the finer grades of cut glass, lamps and chandeliers, artistic pottery, dainty French china of celebrated English makes and brands.

B. W. Persinger,
Bakery, Confectionery and Fruits.

     IN all communities bread, the great staff of life, is an important consideration.  As one of the most essential necessities of our existence, the preparation and supply of this indispensable article constitutes a branch of industry second to none.  Among the old reliable and well known establishments engaged in this occupation, worthy of mention in our business review of this county, is the house of Mr. Persinger.  He has a practical knowledge of the bakery business having followed that occupation.  Under the present judicious management the house possesses the most complete facilities for meeting a large and well established trade.  He has a free delivery wagon and will deliver his products to families in all parts of the city daily.  This house pays special attention to supplying hotels, restaurants, festivals, picnics etc., furnishing to order cake, pyramids for weddings, parties, suppers and other public occasions.  In this the bakery branch of industry the establishment of B. R. Persinger compares favorably with any of its class in the city.  He also carries a line of confectionery and American and foreign fruits.  He has in connection a first class restaurant, where a first class meal is served or lunch at all hours, ice cream and berries in season.  You will find everything first class in his place, and every thing neat and clean.

Rathburn Bros.,
Manufacturers of Buggies, Express
Wagons and Carriages.

     THE favorable location of Gallipolis, both as to supply of material and field of trade, has fostered enterprise in the line of buggy and ex-

press wagon manufacturing until now it controls a large capital and furnishes remunerative employment to a large number of skilled operators.  The superior excellence of the work turned out by Rathburn Bros., has been of great benefit to Gallipolis's industrial thrift and instrumental in driving from the market, to a certain extent, the inferior articles made by more pretentious concerns in larger cities.  The plant covers an area of about one-half acre.  The main building is 37x18 feet in dimensions and two

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stories in height, with a storage and paint shop 40125.  They keep on hand a full line of vehicles of all kinds and will manufacture to order buggies, carriages and express wagons.  The business was first started in 1840 by Mr. Jas. Vanden & Sons and has been successfully carried on since.  Three years ago the present firm purchased the business.  This firm has made the buggy and carriage business a special study, and enjoys the reputation of doing as honest, straight work as any firm in the county.  The appearance of everything about the establishment has an air of neatness that betokens systematic and thorough business management.  They are thoroughly wide-awake business men and have achieved their present prominence by achieved their present prominence by
their own exertions.  They are pleasant and courteous to all and endeavor to give the best work from the best material, and the lowest price.  They superintend everything in person, select all material, and guarrantee everything going out under the trade mark of Rathburn Bros., to be first class.  They also give special attention to repairing and everything in this line will receive their special attention and will be done neatly and on short notice.  All correspondence will receive prompt attention.

P. A. Sanns & Son,
General Druggists

     OUR drug and pharmaceutical establishments are conceded to be among the most attractive and useful commercial houses of our towns and cities, and among the old and reliable pharmacies of this city we take pleasure in giving special notice to the above named firm, which is located at No. 164 Second Street.  This room is one of the finest in the city, being 20x199 feet in dimensions and fitted up in elegant and attractive style, while the stock of goods carried embraces a complete line of pure drugs and chemicals all popular and desirable patent medicines perfumes, toilet articles,

oils, paints, varnishes, pure wines and liquors for medicinal, mechanical or sacramental purposes, fine cigars, tobacco etc., surgical instruments and supplies. In fact everything properly belonging to a first class drug store.  Special attention is given to the accurate compounding of physicians’ prescriptions and family recipes from the purest drugs.  In selecting their stock they take great care that no impure or adulterated article shall find a place on their shelves.  Mr. P. A. Sanns, the senior member of this firm, is a native of Gallia county, Ohio, born in 1830.  He has been engaged in the drug business for thirty-five years.  The other member of the firm is Mr. James H. Sanns, who is also a native of this county, born in this city in 1853.  These gentlemen bring into

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requisition a thorough knowledge of the business acquired through long years of actual parctice and have adopted a policy which is both equitable and liberal, and which places them pre-eminent among the leading establishments of Southern Ohio.  This firm is also the manufacturers and proprietors of the Rheumatic Specific, which has gained a national reputation for its wonderful curative powers.  It is sold by druggists and can be procured in any quantity desired by addresing the firm at Gallipolis, Ohio.

C. Schneemilch,
Sample Room, Second Street.

     MR. SCHNEEMILCH, who conducts one of the most popular and well equipped saloons in Gallipolis, is a native of Germany, born in the year 1856, came to this country with his parents when but four years of age and settled in this county, and has been a resident ever since.  He opened the place he now operates three years ago, and to-day he enjoys as nice a trade as any saloon in the town.  He keeps a well equipped bar and makes his place a favorite resort for lovers of liquid beverages, mint julips and fancy drinks.  He carries in stock choice wines, liquors, beer, ale soft drinks, tobaccos and fine cigars.  We will say to the people of Gallia county that you will find Mr. Schneemilch a gentleman, and all who favor him with a call will find his place first-class.

F. Schneemilch,
Produce Dealer.

     AMONG the many commercial enterprises pursued in the city of Gallipolis, there are none of greater importance than that of the wholesale produce dealer and shipper.  He occupies an intermediate position between the producer and consumer.  As one of the worthy representatives of this useful branch we notice Mr. L. Schneemilch, whose place of business is located on Vine Street.  He buys and ships large quantities of butter eggs, poultry, and fruits, and shipping them directly to the large cities they can pay the highest cash price, as it is often the case that the local markets are completely overstocked with these articles and they are comparatively worthless to the local retail dealer, while the people of the large cities are willing to pay fabulous prices and cannot even then procure them, on account of the scarcity.  Mr. Schneemilch is a member of the firm of Schneemilch & Co., which travels on the steamer Hudson and buys produce along the Ohio River between Pittsburgh and Cincinnati.  They are the only produce shippers in the city and do an extensive business.  He is a native of Germany, born in 1853, and came to America in 1857, with his parents.  He was raised on a farm near this city, and had been engaged in business here for twelve years, and has an excellent reputation for honorable dealing and well balanced business methods, and is considered among our most useful and enterprising business men.

C. J. Schrech & Bro.,
Meat Market,
46 Court St.,  and 208 Second St.

     THIS popular meat market was established here seven years ago.  They first fitted up their room at 46 Court street, and in 1889 established a market on this street for the better accommodation of their many customers.  Their rooms are fitted up in first-class style with fine refrigerator for the preservation of their meats in the warm season.  They keep constantly in use two delivery wagons supplying their many patrons in the city.  Their meats are of the best stock procured from native cattle.  They have made their arrangements for a daily supply of the choicest kinds

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of beef, mutton, lamb, pork, etc., and game in season, and their prices may be confidently relied upon to be as low as consistent with first-class merchandise.  Choice goods at bottom prices is their motto.

C. M. Smith,
Bazaar,
136 Second St.

     AMONG the most successful and wide-awake business men of the

city is Mr. Smith on Second street.  The popularity of this class of stores is not to be wondered at, as they not only comprehend so many useful and ornamental articles for old and young, but supply all at such reasonable prices that anyone can buy.  The proprietor of this house Mr. C. M. Smith is a native of this county, but has been in business in the city for twenty years.  The room occupied is a fine business room, and in this he carries a full stock of chinaware, glassware, toys, novelties, jewelry and notions.  In glassware a full line of lamps, goblets, deserts, and all kinds of late novelties in this line.  In jewelry there is a fine display, both in solid and plated ware, of late designs, and very desirable.  In the notion and novelty department you can find everything for men, women, children and everybody; for mechanics, merchants, lawyers, doctors or farmers, rich or poor.

"Toys for the boys,
Who love glitter and noise;
Good goods for the good
For a nickel or a dime
Dont fail to call in
Or you will miss every time."

J. M. Smith & Brother,
General Grocery

     IT is properly conceded that this branch of trade takes precedence over all others in its relations to human wants and happiness; not only does it effect every family, but each individual member alike.  As one of the worthy representatives of this commercial enterprise the firm of J. M. Smith & Brother merits more than passing notice.  They occupy a fine brick structure on Second street, which is 17 x 100 feet in dimensions and three stories high.  the main salesroom is on the first floor, while the second and third floors and basement, which are all connected by elevators, are used as ware rooms.  This immense stock embraces a complete line of staple and fancy groceries and provisions, consisting of fresh garden grown teas, best grades of coffees, sugars, syrups, vinegars, spices, canned and bottled goods, country and dairy produce, meats, flour, stoneware, confectioneries, notions, garden seeds, etc. all of which are the purest and best the market can afford.  Being shrewd buyers and buying in large quantities, they can offer inducements equal to if not surpassing any other house in the city.  They bring into requisition a thorough knowledge of the business acquired through many years' experience.  The individual members of the firm are Messrs. J. M. and F. M.

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Smith, both of this county, born in 1841 and 1845, respectively.  They grew to manhood on the farm, but have been engaged in business in the city for the past nineteen years, during which time they have met with a constantly increasing trade, and for many years have been considered the leaders in their line of business in the city.  The vigorous and honorable methods which characterize the management of this house, give it a strong recommendation to the residents of both city and county.

E. A. Stone & Son,
No. 62 Court Street.

     THIS well known and popular grocery and provision house is located on Court street, No. 62, and is a complete home and table supply house, and commands a trade from residents of both city and country.  The stock carried embraces choice staple and fancy groceries, provisions, country produce, foreign and domestic cigars, tobaccos, confectioneries, sugars, coffees, teas, spices, flour, syrups, etc.  The individual members of the firm are A. E. Stone and Wilbur F. Stone.  Mr. A. E. Stone is a native of Harrison county, Ohio, born in 1823, and located in Gallia county in 1852 on a farm.  In 1877 he was elected by the republicans of this county to the honorable position of member of the Ohio Legislature.  In 1880 he was appointed Indian Agent by President Hayes, with headquarters at Fort Lemhi, Idaho, one year, and then one year at Fort Hall, Idaho.  He then resigned his position to go into the general mercantile business at Junction, Idaho, where he carried on a large business for six years.  In 1888 he returned to his farm in his native county, where he resides, and he and his son Wilbur conduct a large grocery business in this city.  they occupy a large room 20x50 feet in dimensions.  Although their business has only been established about one year, they have a large and increasing trade and are among Gallia county's best citizens.

The Gallipolis Journal.

     THE GALLIPOLIS JOURNAL was first issued in the year 1818, and was then called the Gallia Free Press, edited by Joshua Cushing.  The material was purchased through subscription by the citizens.  Cushing was succeeded by Joseph Tingley, who died in 1825, and was in turn succeeded by Jas. Harper, Sr., who published the paper until the year 1831, in the mean time changing the name of the paper to The Gallia Gazette.
     J. J. Coombs then came in and published the paper until 1835 and then sold to Alexander Vance, who was succeeded by Wm. Nash, one of the present stock company.  Mr. Nash published the paper until 1849, when James Harper became the publisher and held it until December, 1863.  R. L. Stewart was his successor and published the paper two years, and again sold to Wm. Nash, who continued the paper up to the year ’71, when the firm became Nash & Harper, and continued two years, when Harper retired and Nash continued publisher until January 1st, 1890, at which time he sold the one-half interest to the Gallipolis Journal Company, the present publishers.
      It is a six-page, nine-column folio, issued every Wednesday.  The paper was previously issued on Thursdays, being changed by Mr. Nash to Wednesday some few years since.
     From the first it has always opposed Democracy.  It was the first paper established in the county.  It was originally published on a royal size, a six-column folio, and on a “ramage two-pull press.”  It is the official organ of the Republican party in Gallia county, and in all of its issues is devoted to general intelligence, local and general news and to the local interests of Gallia county and the city of Gallipolis.

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     The Journal Printing Company is constituted as follows:
     Wm. Nash, D. W. Jones and I. F.
Chapman.
     Wm. Nash, the editor, is a native of Massachusetts, born July 13, 1817.  He learned his trade in the celebrated Sam Bowles’ office of the Springfield Republican.  He has resided in this city since 1838.
     D. W. Jones, the associate editor and manager, is a native of Vinton county, Ohio, born Oct. 16, 1855.  He has resided in Gallia county since June, 1880, and in the city since Jan. 1, 1890.  He was educated at the U. S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland.  Studied law and has been practicing his profession since coming to Gallipolis.  He is now (1891) Prosecuting Attorney of Gallia county.
     I. F. Chapman, the other member, is one of the city’s most enterprising citizens, and as such is the county Treasurer of Gallia.

G. J. Wetherholt,
Funeral Director and Embalmer,
Second Street

     PROBABLY no firm in the county is as well known as the house of Mr. Wetherholt.  He has been engaged in the business for fifteen years.  He is a member of the Undertakers Associations of Ohio.  He is thoroughly skilled in the anatomy of the human system and is an expert in the art of embalming.  This house is supplied with an elegant funeral car, being equal to any in this part of the State.  Being the only firm engaged exclusively in the undertaking business it stands to reason that he can do better work and on more reasonable terms than could be expected of any other house.  He makes a specialty of taking charge of bodies and will dress and take the proper care and can guarantee satisfaction in all the branches of the business.  To all persons who may be compelled to pass through the sad ordeal of giving up their friends, it would be to their interest to patronize this house and secure the finest turnout in the city at a lower rate than can be furnished elsewhere.  In the art of embalming he stands at the head, and is proud of the fact that he has never yet had a failure.  He carries on hand at all times a full line of caskets, robes, and linings of all prices and description.  With two fine white teams, set off by an elegant set of hearse harness, a funeral car and a fine set of pedestals and rugs this firm is better equipped to attend to the wants of the dead than any other.  Honest dealing and courteous treatment to his friends is his motto. He carries a fine line of baby cabs and boy’s wagons, and keeps in stock a full assortment of mouldings in all qualities and prices and is prepared to frame pictures to order.  All work in this line is neatly done.

The Gallipolis Tribune,
Wm. G. Sibley,
Editor and Prop.

     AMONG the sprightly newspapers of the county is the Gallipolis Tribune, Republican in politics and issued on Wednesdays.  It is an eight page standard quarto with a circulation of 1600.  Mr. Sibley is a native of Racine, born in 1860.  He established what is now the Meigs county Tribune at Racine, and selling that came here and bought the present sheet from J. D. Olmsted & Sons, in November last.  He is one of the best publishers of the county, being a graduate of the Marietta College and well versed in literature.  The paper is one of the strongest advocates of Republicanism in the county.

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WHITMER MEDICINE COMPANY,
GALLIPOLIS, OHIO
MANUFACTURERS OF PROPRIETARY MEDICINES,
OFFICE AND LABORATORY
NO. 416 SECOND ST.

-----
WHITMER'S VEGETABLE PAIN DESTROYER,
For external and internal use.  Cures cramp colic, cholera morbus, etc.
WHITMER'S VEGETABLE WONDER,
Cures headache, earache, toothache, neuralgia, etc.
WHITMER'S CATHOLICON,
For external use only.  Cures rheumatism, sprains, bruises, etc.
WHITMER'S NORWEGIAN COUGH BALSAM
Cures coughs, colds, croup, asthma, hoarseness, etc.
WHITMER'S EUREKA LIVER AND KIDNEY REMEDY.
In powder and liquid form.  Cures diseases of the blood, liver, kidneys, et.
WHITMER'S SANTONINE WORM SYRUP
Agreeable to the taste, harmless and purely vegetable.
ELLSWORTH LIVER PILLS are mile in operation and seldom produce pain or sickness.  OHIO VALLEY CONDITION POWDERS for horses, cattle, sheep, hogs, etc.

     A true and well tried remedy to use in case of sickness is like a "friend in your need" and such is the reputation that Whitmer's Proprietary Medicines have established in this section of the country, and are establishing wherever introduced.  This business was established in Rushville, Ohio, in 1878, and they still have their headquarters located at that place.  For a long time the services of the proprietors was all that was necessary to manufacture and keep the stock that was then required on the market, but, as the goods became better known the demand began to increase and it was found that additional help was indispensable.  Thirteen men are now kept constantly employed in the manufacture and sale of their medicines, and eight wagons are run on the road, besides several agencies which are established throughout the country.  Their remedies are Whitmer's vegetable pain destroyer, a certain and effectual remedy for dysintery, diarrhoea, or looseness, Asiatic cholera, cholera morbus, sour stomach, heartburn, waterbrash, pain or sickness of the stomach, vomiting, spitting up food after eating and also where it passes through the body unchanged, wind in the stomach and bowels, lowness of spirits, fretting and crying of infants, and in cases of most sever attacks of flux, this great remedy has never failed.  Catholicon - A liniment for external use only.  For man - it is good for rheumatism, neuralgia, headache, earache, fresh cuts, wounds, sores, burns, sprains,

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bruises, etc.  For beast - sore shoulders, saddle and collar galls, sprains, wounds bruises, scratches, grease heel, sweeny, etc.  Norwegian Cough Balsam - For the cure of coughs, colds, croup, asthma, bronchitis and for consumption in the first stages, whooping cough and all lung affections.  Eureka Liver and Kidney Remedy - A vegetable combination of barks, roots and herbs, for diseases of the blood and liver, depression of spirits, loss of appetite, bladder and kidney affections, etc.  Santonine Worm Syrup - Agreeable to the taste, harmless and purely vegetable, santonine has long been regarded as a more safe and thorough exterminator of the worms infesting the intestines and stomach of the human body than any other known remedy.  Ellsworth Liver Pills - They are thorough in their operation, yet they seldom produce any sickness, pain, or griping, and may be taken any length of time without injuring the bowels.  We would say in conclusion to the people of Gallia and adjoining counties, who are not acquainted with their medicines, to try them.  A single dose taken according to directions, will convince anyone that they are all that is claimed for them.

The Galloplis Bulletin,
J. L. Vance,
Editor and Proprietor

     THE Gallipolis Bulletin was first issued in Nov., 1867 by John L. Vance, the present editor and proprietor.  It was at this time and eight column folio but is now a nine column folio, and is issued on Tuesday morning of each week with a circulation of 2000.  It is the official organ of the Democratic party in Gallia county and is well and ably edited.  The editorial ability with which the Bulletin is conducted has given it a place among the most influential local papers in the Ohio Valley.  Col. John L. Vance, the editor and proprietor is a native of this city, born on July 19, 1839.  He received his literary and classical education in his native city, and later graduated from the Law Department of the Cincinnati College.  This was in April 1861, when the National flag was fired upon by traitors hands, returning home he organized the first company of volunteers, for the first three months’ call for 75,000 men, and sent it out under Capt. Aleshire, and in the following months of May and June organized the first company of three years’ men.  This was Co. B. Fourth V. I.  He is one of the State’s most prominent men, public spirited and identified with every thing pertaining to the public good.

Claude M. Wall,
Watchmaker

     CLAUDE M. WALL, the subject of our sketch is a native of this city, born in 1870.  He chose the jeweler business, and began learning the trade

with J. S. Wall.  He afterward went to Chicago and took instructions from some of the most expert jewelers in that city.  Feb. 1st, 1891, he located here on Second Street, where he is prepared to do all kinds of work in repairing, engraving and all work pertaining to the jewelry business.  He warrants all work done by him in every particular.  We would advise all our readers to call and see Mr. Wall when they need anything in this line.

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HISTORY OF CHESHIRE

     CHESHIRE was laid out in 1834 by Mr. C. L. Guthrie, who owned sixteen acres of land on which the viliage stands.  It was named Cheshire by Mrs. C. L. Guthrie.  There had been a store established here a few years before by Mr. Washington Smith.  The first house built on the site of the village is what is now the St. Charles Hotel, and was built by Mr. Washington Smith several years before the village was laid out.  It was afterwards purchased by Mr. C. L. Guthrie who kept a store in it for several years, and who still occupies it.  The only residents now living in the village who were among the early residents are Mr. and Mrs. C. L. Guthrie, the original founders.  The village is located on the banks of the Ohio, twelve miles above Galipolis, the population at present being three hundred.  There is a fine brick school house with three rooms, and one hundred school children are enrolled.  There are two fine churches viz: M. E. and Free Will Baptist, each having large congregations.  There is a good town hall with seating capacity of four hundred.  This village is located in the center of an excellent farming community where all kinds of fruits and grains flourish.  The adjacent hills contain a four foot vein of excellent coal.  The locality is unusually healthy and the people intelligent and enterprising.

     FREE MASON ORDER OF CHESHIRE. - Siloam Lodge No. 456. I. N. Mauck, W. M.; H. W. Resener, S. W.; J. A. Ralston, J. W.; D. F. Ashworth, Treas; M. L. Guthrie, Sec.; Robt. Coleman, S. D.; Wilson Rouse, J. D.; John Hooper, Tyler.  Established in '71; number of members 70; meets on Wednesday of the week in which the moon fulls.

     CHESHIRE G. A. R. LODGE. - Ben Shuler, Post No. 605.  J. C. Baxter, P. C; Henry Casto, V. C.; M. Rupp, Q. M; Jacob Gee Adjutant.  Number of members 23.  Meet on fourth Saturday of each month.

Cheshire's Most Enterprising Business Men.

Robert Coleman,
Carriage Shops.

     MR. ROBERT COLEMAN was born at Rochester, N. Y. in 1845.  When quite small he moved with his parents to Kingston, Canada, where they remained ten years, then moved to Cleveland, Ohio.  In the mean time he had learned his trade and afterwards worked at Chattanooga, Tenn., Cincinnati, Ohio, and Gallipolis, O.  He came to this village in 1867 and opened up a carriage shop, where he has been ever since.  He is prepared to build and repair carriages, and do all kinds of general blacksmithing.  He is a skilled workman and any work put out by him always gives satisfaction.  He make a specialty of paint-

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ing vehicles of all kinds.  He occupies a shop 25x50 feet in dimensions and two stories high.  His charges are moderate and every effort is made to please and satisfy all customers.  Mr. Coleman also manufactures the famous “Bucket, Pump and Water Purifier.”  This is one of the most complete pumps it has ever been the writer’s privilege to investigate.  The water is carried to the surface by means of metallic buckets attached to a chain which passes over a wheel at the top and under a pulley at the bottom of the well.  It is superior to all others for the reasons viz:  It is the cheapest pump on the market, it has no tubing to rust, burst, or wear out, it is easily worked by a child, it cannot freeze up, it brings the water directly from the bottom of the well, it never has to be primed, it can be put

up in fifteen minutes, as you do not have to go down into the well in erecting it, and best of all it purifies the water in the following manner:  The buckets descend into the water in an inverted position and consequently carry with them pure fresh air which cannot escape until the bucket has reached the bottom of the well and has turned to come back up the air then escaping passes up through the water and of course carries with it all the impure and poisonous gases that may exist in the water, thus saving the price of itself in doctors bills.  The price is $10 for a pump, packed completed with curb fixtures and sufficient chain for a ten foot well or cistern, with 50 cents added for each additional foot in depth of well.  Further information can be obtained by addressing Robert Coleman, Cheshire, O.

F. Smith,
Dry Goods, Drugs and Groceries
-----

     AMONG the leading merchants of Gallia county we take pleasure in giving liberal mention to Mr. F. Smith.  He was born near this village in 1832, and grew to manhood on the farm, and at the age of twenty-one took up the profession of teaching school, which he followed for ten years.  From 1855 to 1864, he was engaged as a clerk in a store.  He began business for himself here in 1875, and occupies two rooms located at different parts of the village.  The room in which he keeps his drugs is large and commodious and fitted up in metropolitan style.  His stock of drugs embrace a complete line of pure fresh medicines, proprietary remedies, chemicals, extracts, etc., also an excellent assortment of perfumery, toilet articles, novelties, fancy sundries, oils, paints, and varnishes, school books and supplies, in fact everything properly belonging to a first class drug store.  Special attention is given to the prescription department; being a registered pharmacist of sixteen years' experience, he thoroughly understands his business in that line.  The room in which he keeps his general merchandise is located on the corner opposite the drug store.  It is 22x65 feet in dimensions, and contains an excellent stock of dry goods, groceries, glassware, tinware, hardware, stoneware, boots and shoes, hats and caps, ladies' and gent's furnishing goods, notions, etc.  In the dry goods department may be found not only the staple articles in ladies' and children's dress goods, but all the latest and most popular fabrics from both foreign and American looms, and each department is complete within itself, making it no longer necessary, to make long journeys to our large commercial centers, when we wish anything desirable or fine in home comforts or personal adornment, and not being burdened with the heavy expenses necessarily connected with city life, he can undersell the city merchants everytime.  Mr.

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Smith sustains an excellent reputation for honorable dealing, and is held in the eighest esteem for his strict integrity and sterling personal worth.

G. J. Warner,
General Store.
-----

     MR. G. J. WARNER, is a native of Mason county, W. Va., born in 1863 and grew to manhood on the farm.  At the age of twenty-two he enlisted in the regular army, joining the 19th regiment, where he served five years, the most of the time being stationed at Ft. Clark, Texas, and Mt. Vernon, Alabama.  His duties at the latter place were guarding a tribe of Apaches Indians, which were captured in Arizona.  He received his discharge in the fall of 1890.  In January of 1891 he purchased this stock of merchandise from J. E. Fargo & Co., and in February he was married to Miss L. M. Moore, of Wilkesville, O.  His room which is the finest in the village is well stocked with as fine a line of general merchandise as can be found in the county.  In the dry goods department may be found all the latest and most popular designs in ladies’, misses, and children’s dress goods.  In the grocery department we notice a full line of pure and fresh teas, coffees, spices, syrups, vinegars, canned goods, meats, flour, patent medicines, and staple drugs.  He also carries a complete line of queensware, glassware, tinware, stoneware, hardware, etc., in fact everything necessary to make life comfortable and happy.  Mr. Warner believes in the principle of honest goods at honest prices, and the success he is achieving is the best evidence that his efforts are appreciated by the public.  He has already established a good trade, with flattering prospects for the future, and those desiring to deal where they can buy the most goods for the least money, would do well to call at this store.  He is also agent for the Bell Telephone Company, whose office is in his store room, with direct connections with Pomeroy, Middleport, Racine, Gallipolis and Point Pleasant.

CROWN CITY.
-----

     THE little village of Crown City is situated in the Ohio Valley, about twenty miles down the river below Gallipolis.  The town is beautifully located on a level plain laid out by Mr. H. Rankin in 1870.  It has some very good residences, good schools, churches, and some fine business houses.

SECRET SOCIETIES.

     Gen. George Crooks Post, No. 325, G. A. R. is in a flourishing condition.  Gen. George Crooks Post, No. 312, W. R. C. has a membership of 13, and has done much good in their various callings.  F. & A. M. Ohio Valley lodge, No. 536, chartered April, 1884.  Number of members 55.  Officers: - J. J. Fulks, master; J. W. Barrett, S. W.; Jas. Huron, J. W.; Jacob Lendmood, treasurer; J. G. McClure, Secretary; J. J. Sanders, S. D.; A. H. Towbridge, I. D.; Allen Fowler, tyler.

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Crown City's Most Prominent Business Men.

Blake & McClure,
Dealers in General Merchandise.

     THIS, one of Crown City's most widely known business houses, had its inception here eighteen years ago.  It at once took prominence and position second to none.  This position it has maintained among the leading business houses not only in our village, but in this and neighboring counties.  The premises occupied are in a fine frame business block, fitted expressly for their use, one of the most prominent and attractive business houses in this part of the county, having a frontage of thirty-four feet and a depth of eighty feet.  Here is carried one of the most extensive stocks of merchandise in the country in this line of trade.
     The dry goods department embraces a full line of domestic goods and the most complete and extensive line of ladies' dress goods, not only in the cheap and medium grades, but also the newest styles in cashmeres, plaids, checks, tricots, camel hair, silk, silk mixed suitings, black goods, etc.  The notion and fancy goods department embraces ladies' and gents' furnishing goods in great variety.
     The grocery department comprises a full line of the purest and best groceries that the market affords.
     The hardware department embraces a full line of shelf hardware and supplies for carpenters, contractors, and builders.  Plows, harrows, cultivators, farming implements, and are agents for mowers and reapers, and will procure any machinery wanted by a farmer.
     In the boot and shoe department you will find as full and complete a line as is shown in the county in all widths, styles and prices.  Buying direct from manufacturers and for cash enables them to offer inducements in this line that cannot be duplicated in the county.  We now come to the clothing department, where you will find everything found in our largest and best clothing stores.  The line embraces men's, boys', gents' and children's suits in great variety.  This firm enjoys intimate business relations with prominent manufacturers which enables them to offer inducements in clothing that cannot be duplicated in the county.  All classes can here find something to suit their respective wants at prices within the reach of all.  In hats, caps, and gents' furnishings all that good taste, style and comfort can suggest is kept in stock.
     Their furniture  department embraces a room 40x24 feet in dimensions.  Here is carried a full line of common and medium grades of dining room, parlor and bed room suits, spring beds, and mattresses; and anything in this line not in stock will be procured on short notice.
     They also carry a full line of harness and turf goods, consisting of heavy and light harness in double and single sets, and in all kinds of trimming, from the common to the finest grades.  The individual members of this firm are John W. Blake and A. C. McClure.  Mr. Blake is a native of West Virginia.  Mr. McClure is a native of Lawrence county, Ohio, and has been engaged in business enterprises for the last twenty-five years.  He first engaged in business at Millersport, and eighteen years ago established their business at this place.  Their long business career, practical experience, honorable dealing, shrewd buying, small profits and immense sales is the secret of their success.

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L. E. Blake,
Dealer in Dry Goods,
Groceries, Queensware,
Hardware and Harness.

     AS one of Crown City's prominent business enterprises we make mention of Mr. Blake's establishment.  It was established here ten years ago by Mr. Blake.  The room occupied is finely fitted up, 20x50 feet, and a ware room 20x50 feet and two stories in height.  Here is carried one of the most comprehensive stocks of goods to be found in the country, and includes a full line of dry goods in all its various lines, a full line of notions, and all that pertains to the furnishing department, trimmings and all the latest novelties and the many ornamental articles.  The grocery department includes a full line for home and table supplies and here every house wife can find the cream of all articles in the culinary line.  He keeps a choice line of clothing for men, boys and children and in all qualities from the cheap every day wear, to the fine dress suits.  His hat department embraces all the late, noby and staple styles in straw, wool and fur.  His hardware department embraces a full line shelf hardware, table and pocket cutlery, plows, cultivators and a full line of farming implements on hand or procured for farmers.  On the second floor the ware room is fitted up a first class harness shop, where is carried a full line of harness, whips, saddles, bridles, collars and everything pertaining to a first class harness shop.  All customers or patrons will find Mr. Blake's stock complete in every department, and he enjoys intimate business relations with prominent manufacturers and dealers and is enabled to offer inducements and bargains that are very hard to duplicate.  Mr. Blake is an extensive dealer in country produce and purchases and ships large quantities, and this village has the credit of handling more produce than any other point in Gallia county.

W. A. Martin,
Sample Room

     THIS  is one of the most popular sample rooms in Crown City, being conducted by Mr. W. A. Martin, who is a native of Gallia county, born in 1849, and has been in business five years, previous to which time he was engaged in the saw mill business.  He has a fine business room, 16 x 26 feet in dimensions, and carries a stock in the purest old bourbon and Rye whiskies, foreign and domestic wines, ale, gin, beer and all popular soft drinks, foreign and domestic cigars, tobacco, etc.  Mr. Martin is a fine mixer of drinks and any one wishing to get a good drink will find this place.  He keeps no hangers on and has a first class place.

V. A. Rankin, Prop.,
River Side Hotel,
Crown City Wharf Boat,
Coal Dealer and Sample Room,

     IN writing a review of Crown City’s industries, the enterprises in which Mr. Rankin is engaged deserves special mention.  He has been identified with the business interests of this village for the last fifteen years.  He is proprietor of the River Side Hotel the most popular hotel of the place.  It is beautifully located on the banks of Ohio River, and is finely fitted up, having ten rooms which are supplied with good beds, where the weary traveler may find a good night’s rest.  The dining room is one of the inviting features of this place, and the table is always supplied with the substantial and delicacies of the season.  This department is under the special supervision of Mrs. Rankin, and everything is done for the comfort and pleasure of guests.  He has in connection a fine sample room, where the best and purest brands of choice rye whisky, beer, wines, brandies and all populae drinks are served.  He is owner of the

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John Soward,
Sample Room.

     THIS is one of the most popular sample rooms in this place, being conducted by the well known Mr. John Soward, who is a native of Lawrence county, born in the year 1833, located in this place in 1867, where he has been in business ten years.  When the war of the rebellion broke out Mr. Sowards responded to the call enlisting in Co. D. 5th, West Va., Infantry, and was mustered in Sept. 2nd, 1861, served his term, and then enlisted in the 1st, West Va., Infantry and was discharged July 22nd 1865, having served with credit to himself and honor to the nation.  Mr. Sowards has a finely fitted up room where can be obtained at all times the purest old bourbon and rye whiskies, foreign and domestic wines, ale, gin, beer and all popular soft drinks, foreign and domestic cigars, tobacco etc.  He has in connection a first class lunch counter for the hungry, and any one wishing first class drink or lunch can find it at the above place, as he is an expert mixer of fancy drinks, and keeps a first class house, with no bums or minors allowed around.

HISTORY OF ADDISONTOWN

Addison Post Office

     ADDISONTOWN is situated on the Ohio river seven miles above Gallipolis, and on the line of the Hocking Valley Railroad.  It was laid out about the year 1851, the land being owned by Robert Reynolds and John Louks.  The first house in the village was built by E. B. Ramsey, the blacksmith.  The present population is one hundred.  There is one church, M. E., a school house of one room, with forty pupils enrolled.  The soil is good for the production of grains and fruits in abundance.  The location is healthy.

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Addison's Most Enterprising Business Men.

E. E. Jones,
Ticket and Freight Agent of the
C. H. V. & T., the K. & M. and the
T. & O. C. Rail Roads,
also Agent for Adams Express Co.

     MR. E. E. JONES was born in Gallia county, Ohio, near Kygerville in 1854.  He is a son of Levi C. Jones, a prominent farmer of that section.  He grew to manhood on the farm, and attended the district school.  He took charge of this station as Freight and ticket agent for the C. H. V. & T. rail road in 1885.  In the same year, he was appointed agent for the Adams Express Company at this village; in 1886 he was appointed agent for the Kanawha and Ohio, now known as the Kanawha and Michigan rail road, and in 1890, he was given the agency for T. & O. C. road.  He is now acting at agent for all of these companies, and is authorized to transact all business connected therewith including the sale of tickets, receiving and forwarding freight, or shipping of stock, etc.  He is prepared to furnish passenger rates to any points in the east, west, north or south upon application, giving advantages of the lowest rates, quickest time, and best accommodations.  The C. H. V. and T. is known as the most popular line to all parts of the United States.  Time cards, freight and passenger rates, will be furnished free any time upon application.  Mr. Jones is also a breeder of fine thoroughbred poultry, in which business he has been engaged five years.  He breeds the world renowned strain of the pedigree Light Brahma, and also the Essex strain of Barred Plymouth Rocks.  The first named breed is noted for their beauty of plumage and large size and are much admired by all lovers of fowls, but for general purposes the Plymouth Rock surpass all other breeds known.  Fowls and eggs for breeding purposes can be obtained from Mr. Jones at any time at very reasonable rates.  He is also justice of the peace, having been elected to that office in 1889 by the Democratic party, and is prepared to give prompt and efficient attention to all matters coming under his jurisdiction, such as will, deeds, mortgages, notes, pension papers, marriage ceremonies, collections, criminal prosecutions, etc. Mr. Jones is a gentleman in the full sense of the word and enjoys the respect and esteem of all who know him.

Poindexter Bros.,
Saw and Planing Mill.

     AS one of the most important and enterprising establishments of the little village of Addison, we notice especially the saw and planing mill of Poindexter Bros.  Their plant is located in the south end of the village.  It is a large frame building, 24x60 feet in dimensions, and two stories high, and is equipped with the latest improved machinery for sawing and dressing lumber of all kinds, also for grinding meal and all kinds of feed.  Their machinery is propelled by a thirty-five horse power engine, the capacity of the mill being five thousand feet of rough lumber per day.  They make a specialty of slack barrel staves and headings and are prepared to cut twenty thousand per day.  Custom work will be done in all the departments if desired.  The individual members of the firm are Messrs. G. M. and D. A. Poindexter, both of whom were born in Gallia county in 1845 and 1855 respectively.  They took charge of this business in 1883, and have greatly increased their facilities for doing work, their latest acquisition being a new building and a new machine for shelling corn.  They are now

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prepared to do a larger business than ever.  These gentlemen are considered among our most prosperous and energetic business men, and we would say to our thousands of readers that if you desire anything in their line of business you will find them perfectly honest, trustworthy and reliable.

D. B. Shaffer,
General Store

     AS the leading store in this village and one of the most extensive in this part of the county we take pleasure in giving liberal mention to the above named firm.  The present proprietor took charge of it in March 1891, having purchased it from G. U. Leonard & Co.  The premises occupied by this firm is a substantial frame structure, located in the south end of the village.  The sales room, which is 28x35 feet in dimensions, is fitted up in fine style and contains an excellent stock of general merchandise, among which we noticed especially the following different lines, viz: dry goods, boots and shoes, hats and caps, ladies' and gents' furnishing goods, groceries glassware, queensware, stoneware, country and dairy produce, confectioneries, notions, etc.  In the dry goods department may be found a good variety of ladies', misses' and children's dress goods and gents' piece goods.  In the shoe department is kept all grades, styles, and weights in ladies', children's, men's and boy's foot wear.  We noticed in the grocery department a large supply of canned and bottled goods, also fresh garden grown teas, best grades of coffees, sugars, syrups, vinegars, spices, flour, meat, etc.  Each line is complete within itself, and everything necessary to make life happy and comfortable can be found in this extensive stock of goods.  Mr. Shaffer pays highest cash prices for all the products of the farm such as eggs, poultry, butter, grain, vegetables, etc., thus not only supplying our wants, but opening up a market for anything we have for sale.  Mr. Shaffer is a native of Jefferson county, Ohio, born in 1857.  He came to Gallia county with his parents when quite small.  His early life was spent on the farm, but he has been engaged in different commercial enterprises since.  He came to this village in March, 1891 and purchased this stock of goods from G. U. Leonard & Co.  Since taking hold of the business here he is fast growing into popular favor among the people of this section.  He is a man of excellent business ability, push and enterprise, and the success with which he is meeting is both encouraging and well deserved.

VINTON.

     THE village of Vinton is located on the line of the C. H. V. & T. R. R. sixteen miles northwest of Gallipolis and has a population of four hundred souls  The first post office was established in 1835.  It was laid out in the year 1832 by Samuel 'r Holcomb.  The town was incorporated in 1886 and now has some good business houses, churches and schools and two flourishing secret societies viz:  Vinton Lodge No. 131 F. & A. M. and G. A. Post No. 259.

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Vinton's Most Enterprising Business Men.

J. T. Mathews,
Manufacturer of
Oak-tanned Harness Leather.

     ONE hundred years ago it was customary to take one or two years for hides in the line pits before un-hairing.  In 1764 it was said to have taken about five weeks to loosen the hair and often a year or eighteen month, when the hair is perfectly gone; the hide was carried to a river to wash and rubbed to take off any particles of lime; the skin was then put into tan, that is, it was covered with tan as it was stacked in the pit, and water put in upon it.  If the skin is strong five coverings of tan is required.  They are then put into cold water, while some other water is warming in a kettle, and when lukewarm, the water is poured into the vat, and upon this a basket of tan is cast.  Now after this treatment the leather is described as the “best in the world,” and men were prosecuted for trying to smuggle it into the country.  What a contrast, between this and our modern systems of tanning.  We are sorry we have not the space in this business review to give our readers a more extended description of tanning at this day and age.  One of the representative tanneries of the day is that of J. T. Mathews, who is fully up to the times and uses all the modern appliances in the manufacture of leathers.  He is a native of this county, born in the year 1853. This plant was started by his father in 1835.  Mr. J. T. Mathews took charge of it ten years ago.  He manufactures all kinds of leather, but makes a specialty of oak tanned harness leather.  The capacity of the plant is 400 sides per year.  Mr. Mathews is one of this country's best citizens and is doing a good business that is a credit to both himself and the community.

Geo. W. Patten,
Blacksmith

     THIS well known and prominent blacksmith shop had it inception two years ago.  Mr. Patten is a native of Scioto county.  He began to learn his trade in 1869 with Mr. Williams, of Jackson county.  He worked in Jackson county at the Keystone furnace seven years, then moved to Missouri and remained there one year.  Coming back to Ohio, he located in Wilkesville, Vinton county, and was engaged there in the manufacture of wagons and buggies for fifteen years, during which time he manufactured a great many vehicles which are to be found in the surrounding country.  Two years ago he came to this village and located his shop, and has always maintained a leading position in this branch of mechanical industry.  The business embraces blacksmithing in all its branches, general and repair work m iron and steel, with special attention given to horse shoeing.  He is a practical horse shoer and has made this branch of the trade a study and can shoe a horse on scientific principles.  He is patronized by farmers, turf men and owners of fine horses.  He also manufactures wagons and buggies, and in this line cannot  be surpassed by any mechanic in the county.  All those contemplating the purchase of a wagon or buggy would do well to consult Mr. Patten.  He guarrantees all work done by him.

G. W. Shack,
Manufacturer of
Yarns, Rolls, Four, Meal,
all Kinds of Feed, Etc.

     IT is universally conceded that among our manufacturing and industrial pursuits there is no productive enterprise which takes preced___ to the flouring mill.  In fact _____

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connecting link between the producer and consumer.  This mill was built some years ago and after having passed through several different changes in management, it finally came into possession of the present firm, under whose management it has gained its present good standing among the first class similar establishments of this county.  The superiority of water power over steam for milling purposes is conceded by all practical millers, on account of the unvarying regularity of power, thus preventing the flour from being killed in grinding.  The capacity of this mill is 20 barrels per day.  They grind corn, wheat, buckwheat and feed, and enjoy their share of the public patronage of this section.  Mr. Shack is a practical miller having learned the trade in 1850 in this same mill, which he bought in 1858.  He buys and sells all kinds of grain, for which he pays the highest market price.  Besides the milling business, he owns and operates a large woolen mill and manufactures rolls, spring yarns, etc., in fact, everything that is manufactured in any woolen mill.  He also operates a saw and planing mill and does all kinds of sawing and planing mill job work.  This is a great enterprise for a town of this size.  He is a native of Columbiana county, O., born in the year 1832.  His parents moved to this county when a child and he received a common school education.  At the age of eighteen he went into the mill and since that time he has made his mark in this community. Being a man of that type, always wide awake, and ready for his full share in anything, and to-day he owns one of the best industries of the country and is one of Vinton’s most enterprising citizens.  His two sons.  Geo. E. and John D. are connected with him in business, and we might say, that for business they are “chips of the old block,” ready to do their part.  Mr. Shack is one of the most extenisve wool buyers in the county in fact he buys most anything on the market.  For wool he pays the highest figures, and therefore deals extensively.  People desiring to do business in his line should call on him.

EWINGTON

     THE village of Ewington is situated about twenty miles northeast of Gallipolis and one mile off C. H. V. & T. R. R.  It is beautifully located, has two churches, M. E. and Baptist, and a G. A. R. Post in a flourishing condition.  It also has an academy, of which its citizens are justly proud.  The principal store of the village is that given below.

C. A. Charrington,
General Dealer in Merchandise and Farming Implements.

     UNDER the above firm name is conducted one of the most prominent business houses of Ewington.  It was established here Oct., 1890.  The buildings occupied embrace two fine businesses rooms 20x40 and 22x70 feet in dimensions, and two floors and ___ment.   The stock, includes var___  of goods, among which are dry goods, notions, groceries, provisions, boots, shoes, hats, caps, clothing furnishing goods, and general supplies for home and table use, and farming implements, ___ dry goods department embraces a full line of domestic goods for personal use, ladies' dress goods in all the latest patterns and styles, from both American and foreign looms.  His clothing department is on the second floor, and embraces a complete line for men, boys and children, in all qualities and at all prices, from the cheap working

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suits to the finest dress suits for men, boys, or children.  The building is situated near the center of the village and was fitted up expressly for his use and has plenty of light for the inspection of his stock.  Mr. Charrington is a native of this county, born in 1851, and has been identified with agricultural pursuits, all through life, and for the past few years has been handling farm machinery, buggies and fertilizers.  October 1890, he moved to the village and engaged in the mercantile business, he is a practical business man, as is shown in the excellent judgment displayed in the selection of his stock.  He keeps constantly up with the times, keeping his customers supplied with the best and newest of eastern markets.  He employs clerks to assist him in his business, and his store is noted for the politeness and attention which all buyers, whether great or small, receive form employer and employees.  The establishment occupies a prominent position in the trade interest of this place, contributing largely to the prestige and reputation of Ewington as a desirable trade center.  He has just fitted up a fine ware room, where he keeps in stock a full line of stoves, buggies, farming implements and fertilizers from thee Western Union Chemical Company, Ohio.  Their brands are known as the most reliable for all kinds of crops and are fully up to the standard. He makes a specialty of the Buckeye mowers and reapers, Princess plows, harrows, cultivators, and all implements needed by a farmer.  He still retains his farm and is extensively engaged in agricultural pursuits.  He appreciates the patronage of farmers, and all customers will find his place one of the most reliable.  Low prices prevail in all departments

PORTER

     THIS little village is situated one and one-half miles off the C. H. V. & T. R. R. and ten miles from Gallipolis, and has a population of two hundred and fifty souls.  It was laid out by Chas. Russell in the year 1838.

E. A. Gates,
Dealer in General Merchandise.

     MR. GATES is a native of West Virginia, born in 1820.  At the age of twenty-one he first engaged in business in Point Pleasant in 1841, which he conducted five years, and then removed to Addison, O., where he was engaged in mercantile pursuits twenty years.  Then selling out his business there, he moved up on the Kanawha River at Berry Springs, and was in business there twenty years more.  Four years ago he came to this village and opened up business at his present location, where he carries a full lien of general merchandise, embracing dry goods, groceries, boots, shoes, hardware, queensware, and all articles pertaining to a store of this kind.  He has had fifty-one years of practical experience in the mercantile business, which makes him a good judge of values of merchandise he is prepared to offer bargains to all who favor him with their patronage and will guarantee his prices as the lowest.