Introductory

     Canfield is the central township of Mahoning county.  On the north lies Austintown; on the east Boardman; one the south Green and Beaver and on the west Ellsworth.  In point of agricultural importance this township ranks among the very first of those situated in the southern part of the Reserve.  There are no large streams flowing through Canfield, but a large number of swales and small creeks divide the land into a number of varying ridges and undulatory elevations of moderate height.  Indian creek, the largest of these streams, enters the southern part of the township almost directly south of the center, and, after flowing northward about one mile, turns to the east and crosses into Boardman township.  The number of fresh water springs is large, affording a supply of pure, cold water which seldom fails - a most valuable arrangement of nature for the convenience of dairy farmers and stock raisers.
     The soil is an easily cultivated loam of richness and fertility.  The township being among the earliest settlements made upon the Reserve, and withal thickly peopled by an industrious and thrifty class, is conspicuous for its large number of well improved farms and other general evidences of prosperity.
     In addition to its important agricultural resources, Canfield ahs considerable mineral wealth.  Coal was discovered in 1798, and coal reservations were marked in the original surveys.  Bituminous coal is found in nearly all parts of the township in veins from fifteen to thirty-three inches in thickness; while in the southern and southeastern parts extensive fields of cannel coal was found.
     There is but one village, which has an air of rural simplicity quite unusual in most places of its size.  As in most townships of the Reserve first settled by Connecticut Yankees, the "center" was the point where the first families took up their abode, and about that point has grown up one of those sober, quiet, unpretentious country villages, farm more like an old New England village than one of the modern western "towns."
     The village of Canfield has the advantage of a pleasant site, the principal part of it being upon a gentle elevation of land overlooking by far the greater portion of the township.  Broad street, running north and south, is the principal business street, and includes within itself a park or common extending almost its entire length.  Though there is little that can be said in praise of the architecture or general appearance of many of the buildings facing upon this park, yet so large a tract of grassy lawn adds much to the beauty of the village.  And a few years hence, when the small trees now growing shall have attained a size entitling them to be ranked as shade trees, this spot will become a charming ornament to Canfield.  The remaining streets of the village have, in general, an old-fashioned look.  The houses are placed some distance back from the road in some instances, but in others, near to it, - many of them surrounded by orchards or gardens, making a generous mingling of the country in the town which delights by its quaintness.

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     The old court-house at the head of the common - soon to be transferred into an educational institute - may yet become a source of pride to Canfield's people instead of an eye-sore, as it has been since the removal of the county seat.
     Whatever may be the future of the place, the brightness of the past will not speedily be extinguished.  Many men of sterling worth and wide reputation have Canfield either for their birthplace or their home.  Though some of them have been sleeping for years in the quiet village cemetery, Canfield still remembers them, and points out the acts of their lives as examples worthy of imitation.

OWNERSHIP AND SURVEY.

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SETTLEMENT.

     All of the first settlers were from Connecticut - wide-awake, progressive Yankees.  We have attempted to classify the early settlers according to the date at which they arrived here.  As already recorded, Champion Miner and family made a permanent settlement in 1798.  This family, with Samuel Gilson and Joseph Pangburn, made up the population of Canfield during the winter of 1798-99.
     1799.  Phineas Reed arrived in the spring of this year, whether with or without a family, we are unable to learn.  In the fall came Eleazer Gilson and Joshua Hollister.
     1800.  Nathan Moore and family arrived on the 15t of May, having been forty-five days on the road.  This is the only recorded arrival during that year.
     1801.  James Doud and family, Ichabod Atwood, Calvin Tobias, Abijah Peck.
     1802.  Captain Wadsworth, Simeon Sprague, Tryal Tanner, Matthew Steele, Aaron Collar, and William Chidester with families, David Butler, David Hatfield, Charles and Henry Chittenden, Benjamin Bradley, Ariel Bradley, Warren Bissel, Daniel Miner.  Some of those last named were probably accompanied by their families.
     1803. Abisha Chapman, Jonathan Sprague, Dr. Pardee, Benjamin Yale, William Chapman, Bradford Waldo, Wilder Page, Cook Fitch.
     1804.  Zeba Loveland, Archibald Johnston, and probably many others.
     1805.  Herman Canfield and wife, Ebenezer Bostwick and family.  This year began the German settlement.  Henry Yager, Jacob Ritter, Jacob Wetzel, Henry Ohl, Conrad Neff, Peter Lynn, John Lynn, George Lynn, Daniel Fink, Adam Blankman and Philip Borts arrived during this year; some of them perhaps a year earlier.  All, however, did not settle in Canfield, but those who did formed an important addition to the population and did much toward developing agricultural resources of the new settlement. 
     There are others whose names should have been included in the above lists, could the precise date of their coming have been ascertained.  Azariah Wetmore, Jonah Scofield, John Everett and others were among the very earliest settlers.
     Many of those  whose names appear above remained but a few years, some of them but one season; and of those who remained and died here information has not always been obtainable.

H. G. SERNS

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     NATHAN MOORE was the surveyor of the party which came out in 1798.  After his settlement here in 1800 he remained a few years then moved away with his family.

     JAMES DOUD settled two miles east of the center.  He had several children who died here until they were men and women and then moved.  His sons were Herman, James, William, and Samuel.  His oldest daughter, Lydia, married Judge Bingham, of Ellsworth;  Anna became Mrs. Hall, of Ravenna.  Mr. Doud was a drover.  He passed over the mountains many times with droves of cattle, but on his last trip he was taken sick and died.

     ICHABOD ATWOOD settled in the northwest of the township and afterward moved to Springfield.  He had several sons and daughters, none of whom settled here.  He built quit a nice frame, barn at an early date.

     ELEAZER GILSON settled east of the center in 1801, afterwards moved to Turner street.  His son Samuel was also an early settler.  Isaac, Lizzie (Everett), Cynthia, and Maria (Beeman) were the names of others of this family.

     JONAH SCOFIELD in 1800 or 1801 settled a short distance west of the center, where he lived and died.  His son William went South and died.  Pamela married Edward Wadsworth.  Frances married John Reed.  Both of these resided in Canfield.

     AARON COLLAR died in 1813 at the age of forty-nine.  Lavinia, his wife, died the same year aged forty-six.  Several of their descendants still reside in this township.  An epidemic in 1813 carried off a large number of the settlers.

     JAMES BRADLEY lived on the farm afterwards owned by Philo Beardsley, and now owned by Noah Lynn.  Ariel Bradley removed to Portage county in 1805.

     WILLIAM CHIDESTER came out in company with Tryal Tanner.  He settled one and one fourth miles west of the center.  He died in 1813, aged fifty-seven.  His sons were Hezekiah, Philo, Erastus, Rush, Velorus, Julius, and Royal Chloe and Betsey were his daughters.  Chloe became Mrs. Smith and settled in Ellsworth.  Hezekiah married Lizzie Buell, resided in Canfield and reared a large family.  Philo also passed his life in this township.  Erastus lived here several years, then moved west.  Rush went to Medina county.  Velorus died the same year with his father.  Julius moved to Medina county.  Royal occupied his father's old farm, died there.  He married the widow of Jarvis, who is still living on the old place.  William Chidester, the father, was a man of good ability.  He was the first justice of the peace in Canfield, and solemnized many marriages in this and surrounding townships in early days.

     IRA SPRAGUE settled one mile south of the center.  His son Augustus occupied the farm after him.  Henry Sprague, son of Augustus, is now living on the place.

     REUBEN TUPPER settled on the farm which David Hine purchased later.

     Several members of the SACKETT FAMILY settled in Canfield very early.  Simmons Sackett lived in this township until 1863, when he died at the age of seventy-five.
     Some of the old settlers attained a remarkable age.  Esther, the wife of Captain PHILO BEARDSLEY, died at the age of ninety-one. 

     ETHEL STARR, a comparatively early settler, died in 1861, aged ninety-two years  John Everett died in 1819, at the age of ninety-two.

     ABISHAI CHAPMAN settled in the northwest of the township, but sold out and moved.

     WILLIAM CHAPMAN owned two lots near the center.  He died in 1813, at the age of thirty-six, and was buried the same day as Squire Chidester.  His widow married a Mr. Merwin and went to Palmyra to live.

     JOHN and SARAH EVERETT were early settlers.  They had but one child, a daughter - Mrs. Sprague.  They were old people when they came here and died in early years.

     MATTHEW STEELE settled southeast of the center.  The family were all grown before the memory of old residents.

     BRADFORD WALDO remained few years in this township, then moved to Portage county, He was noted as a wit, and had a gift were sometimes extremely amusing.

     HERMAN CANFIELD, SR. brother of Judson Canfield married Eitia Bostwick.  In October, 1805, they settled in Canfield.  Six children were born to them, viz:  Herman, William H., Elizabeth, Cornelia and Lora.  Lieutenant-colonel Herman Canfield died at Crump's Landing, Apr. 7,

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1862, while in the service of his country. He was a lawyer of ability and worth, served as State Senator from Medina county, and held other important positions.  William H. Canfield was born in18016, and died in Kansas in 1874.  He studied law in the office of Hon. Elisha Whitlesey.  In 1866 he removed to Kansas, and in 1870 was appointed judge of the Eight Judicial district of that Sate, and held the position until his death.

     JAMES REED settled in the western part of the township in 1805, moving from Ellsworth.  After his settlement is father, also named James, came out and lied with him.  He died here at the age of about seventy, and was the fifth person buried in the center graveyard.  During the War of 1812 Mr. Reed set up a distillery, and furnished the army with whiskey, which then formed a part of soldiers' rations.  James Reed died in 1813; Mrs. Reed survived until 1860, and reached the remarkable age of ninety-eight years.  Her children were:  Mary (Bowman), born in 1791, still living, in Goshen township; Rosanna, born in 1793, died in 1813; Jemima (Rudisill), born in 1797, died, aged seventy-five; James, Jr., born in 1799, lives in Michigan; Rachel (Turner), born in 1801, resides in Canfield; Eleanor (Turner), born in 1803, lives in Summit county; Anna, born in 1806, died, aged three and a half years; John C., born in 1809, died, aged forty; Hiram, born in 1811, killed when two months old, his mother being thrown from a horse with the babe in her arms; Joshua, born in1812, resides in Alliance.  Mr. Reed, while living in Canfield, attempted to dig a well upon his farm, and came near losing his life in it on account of the "damps" or foul gases there.  A colored man known as Black Tobe, hearing that Mr. Reed, had abandoned the well, came to him, and urged that he be allowed to finish the job.  He was told of the danger, but would not listen, and was finally allowed to enter the well.  Before those attending him became aware of his state, he was overcome and sank down in a suffocating condition.  He was lifted out, but all attempts to revive him proved ineffectual, and he died the victim of his rashness.

     JOHN and MAGDALENA (NEIR) HARDING came to this township about the year 1805.  Their sons were John, George, and Jacob, all of whom died in this county.  The daughters were Mollie (Harroff), Katharine (Ohl), Mary (Neff), Betsey (Kline), Sarah A. (Oswald), and Rebecca (Hood).  Mrs. Kline and Mrs. Oswald are the only survivors of this family.

     JACOB OSWOLD was among the early settlers of the township, located on what is now the Samuel Stitel farm.  He moved to Liberty township, Trumbull county.  His son Charles returned to Canfield in 1826, and passed his life in the township.
     The LYNNS of Canfield and other portions of this county, are descended from Nicholas Lynn, who emigrated to America from Germany previous to the Revolutionary War.  He was a soldier in the war, and after its close married and settled in Berks county, Pennsylvania.  It is said that he was the father of fourteen children, but the history of only eleven can be traced - five sons, Philip, Jacob, Peter, George and John, and six daughters.  Philip and four of the daughters, Mrs. Snyder, Mrs. Reaser, Mrs Sheibly and Mrs. Kock, remained in Pennsylvania, and their descendants are numerous in Berks, Perry, Lehigh, and other counties, ranking high in social and civic positions.  The family of the oldest son, Philip, consisted of three sons and several daughters.  One of the sons, John, came to Canfield and resided near Cornersburg.  After living here several years, building a saw-ill, etc., he sold out and returned to Pennsylvania.  One of his grandsons, Solomon W., is a resident of Austintown.
     Jacob, the second son, came to Ohio about 1830, and died in this township in 1837, at the age of seventy.  His sons were Jacob, Jesse, John and Philip; his daughters, Mrs. Jacob Heintzelman,  Mrs. Christian Heintzelman, and Mrs. Miller.  Two are now living, Mrs. Jacob Heintzelman, and Jesse, the second son.
     The three younger sons of Nicholas Lynn came to Canfield in 1805, and settled on adjoining farms.  George died in 1833, aged fifty-eight; John in 1835, aged fifty-six and Peter in 1858, at the age of eighty-six.  Peter Lynn had three sons, Adam, William, and Peter, and three daughters, Mrs. Fullwiler, Mrs. Shellabarger, and Mrs. Infelt.  All are dead excepting Adam Lynn, Esq., for many years a justice in this township.  George Lynn's family numbered five sons, David, John, George, William second, and Levi, and two daughters, Mrs. Nathan Hartman,

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and Mrs. S. W. Lynn.  All are living except William, who died in 1851, aged thirty-five.  His son, William C. Lynn, a resident of the Black Hills region, is six feet eight inches tall, and correspondingly well developed.  John Lynn, youngest son of Nicholas, had three sons, John N. O., David second, and G. W., and three daughters, Mrs. George E. Harding, Mrs. Joseph Hartman, and one who died young.  Three members of this family are living.
     Barbara, youngest daughter of Nicholas Lynn, came to Ohio about 1806.  She married Abraham Kline.  Her husband soon died and she lived a widow fifty-seven years, until death called her home.  She was a woman of great benevolence, and having gained a competence, bestowed it freely upon other bequests, she gave $1,000 to Heidelberg college,  Tiffin, Ohio.  She died in 1873, aged seventy-eight.
     Susanna, also a daughter of Revolutionary ancestor, married a Mr. Bailey and settled in Ohio about 1820.  She had three sons and two daughters.  One of the daughters married John Corll, and another, Samuel Rupright.  Only one of Mrs. Bailey's children is now living, her son, Jacob, now a resident of Indiana.  The Lynns are thrifty and worthy people, friends to law and order, and zealous in the support of education and religion.  In 1804 David Hine, from Warren, Litchfield  county, Connecticut, came to Canfield on foot; purchased land and began some improvements upon it, in 1806.  The same year he brought his family with an ox team.  His farm was situated one and one-half miles west of the center.  In 1810 Mr. and Mrs. Hine returned to Connecticut to visit their friends, and remained until the spring of 1811, when they again came to Canfield.  David Hine died in 1859, in his seventy-eighth year.  His wife, Achsah (Sackett) Hine, died in 1832, aged forty-seven.  Their family consisted of seven sons and three daughters, namely, Myron, Warren, Chester, Benjamin, Charles, David, Jr., William, Cynthia, Mary, and Betsey.  All arrived at maturity.  Three sons and two daughters are still living,  Warren, in Canfield; Charles, in Warren, Connecticut; William in Canfield; Cynthia, wife of C. S. Mygatt, Canfield;; and Betsey, wife of William Cumstock, Canfield.

     In 1806 came ELISHA WHITTLESEY, doubtless the greatest accession the township ever had.  He was in public service almost constantly from the date of his settlement until his death, in 1863; and all trusts, whether of town, country, State, or Nation, were discharged in a manner which never failed to please and satisfy.  His biography, and likewise that of his honored and esteemed associate, Judge Eben Newton, will be found in this work.  It may be proper to mention here the names of a few distinguished men who were students in the law office of Mr. Whittlesey: Hon. Joshua R. Giddings, Hon. Benjamin F. Wade, W. C. Otis, General Ralph P. Buckland, and Columbia Lancaster, afterwards of Oregon, received a portion of their legal training in Canfield.

     In 1806 the TURNER FAMILY came to the northwestern part of the township.  The road on which they lived was long known as "Turner street" and is frequently mentioned thus by old residents at the present day.  Adam Turner and his wife Margaret came from New Jersey.  They had five sons and three daughters, viz.:  John, Elsie, Conrad, Mary, James, George, Robert, and Charity.  John settled in Canfield for a time, but moved to Sharon, Medina county, where he died at the age of eighty-six.  Elsie married Giles Clark and resided in Hubbard, Trumbull county; died in Clarksville, Pennsylvania.  Conrad bought his brother, John's farm in the northwest of the township; sold out, moved to Medina county, and died at the age of eighty-two.  Mary married James Reed, formerly of Pennsylvania, and died in this township.
     George died in Medina county, and Robert in Michigan.  Charity married Henry Edsall, and resided in Canfield.  Of these eight children there are no survivors.  James, the third son, was born in 1796, and died July 17, 1873.  In 1819 he married Rachel Reed, who is still living.  She bore five children, four of whom arrived at maturity.  Three are still living.  Fedelia married Ward E. Sackett, and after his death became the wife of Julius Tanner, of Canfield.  Charles R., married Flora Sackett for his first wife.  She bore three children, two of whom, Jemima Estella and Hattie S., are living.  For his second wife he married Harriet Sackett, who bore one son; he was accidentally shot by a playmate at the age of nine years.  Charles R. Turner was born in 1822 and died in 1874. 

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James C. resides on the old homestead in Canfield.  Betsey M. is the wife of Judson W. Canfield.

     BENJAMIN MANCHESTER, whose ancestors came from England and America in 1638, was born in Newport county, Rhode Island, in 1786.  Thomas Manchester, the progenitor of the Manchester family in this country, was one of the company that purchased the Island of Aquiday, afterwards called Rhode Island, from the Indian sachem, Miantonomah, in 1639.  Benjamin Manchester moved with his parents to Washington county, Pennsylvania, in 1797.  In 1805 he married Phebe Hannah Doddridge, born in 1788.  In April, 1809, they settled on a farm in the southern part of Canfield township.  They reared four children, three of whom are now living: James, born in 1806, resides in Illinois; Philip, born in 1808, resides in Indiana; Isaac, born in 1810, now living in Canfield; and Mary Ann, born in 1812.  She married George Ranck, of Wayne county, Indiana, and died in 1852.  The wife of Benjamin Manchester died in 1813.  In 1821 he married Margaret McGovern, who also bore four children - Phebe Jane, Eliza, Robert, and Martha.  Eliza and Martha are dead.  Phebe Jane, the widow of Elijah Jones, lives in Missouri.  Robert resides in Canfield.  Benjamin Manchester was a soldier in the War of 1812.  He held various township trusts, and was one of the township trustees twenty-seven consecutive years;  He was a man of the strictest morality and integrity.  He died in 1857.

TAXES IN 1803.

     Thirty-six dollars and ninety-three cents was the amount of taxes raised in the township of Canfield in the year 1803.  Many who paid less than a dollar doubtless lived to see their taxes increased, "some thirty, and some sixty, and some an hundred fold."  The list is as follows:

CANFIELD, RANGE THREE, TOWN ONE.

FIRST EVENTS.

     The first burial in the township took place July 21, 1798.  A little child, the daughter of Champion Minor, was buried in lot forty-four, second division, about three fourths of a mile east of the center.  Two rude stones mark the head and foot of the grave.  The first person buried in the cemetery east of the center was Olive, the wife of Charles Chittenden.  She died Sept. 30, 1801.
     The first male child born in the township was Royal Canfield Chidister, born June _2, 1802, about three rods east of the center of the township.
     The first log-house built in the township was on the southeast corner of lot fifty-one in the second division.  The first clearing was made on lot fifty-two, second division.
     The first frame house in the township was built in 1802-3 by Elijah Wadsworth.  It was two story, 30x40 feet.
     The first marriage ceremony ever solemnized in this township was that of Joseph Pangburn

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and Lydia Finch.  They were married Apr. 11, 1801, by Caleb Baldwin, Esq., of Youngstown.
     Feb. 11, 1800, Alfred Woolcott, surveyor, led to the hymenial altar Mercy Gilson, daughter of Eleazer Gilson, of this township.  For want of some person qualified by law to solemnize the ceremony, they were obliged to go to Pennsylvania to be married.

POST OFFICE.

     In 1801 the first mail route to the Reserve was established through the influence of Elijah Wadsworth, who was then appointed postmaster at Canfield.  HE was again postmaster in 1813.

THE FIRST MILLS.

     The first saw-mill in the township was erected on lot number three in the fourth division, in the northwestern corner of the township.  Work was begun in the spring of 1801, by Jonah Scoville.  In the summer of the same year he sold it to Ichabod Atwood, who completed the mill during the succeeding fall and winter, and commenced sawing in the spring of 1802.
     The second saw-mill was erected in 1802, on the southeast corner of the "Brier Lot."  It was owned, one-half by Elijah Wadsworth, one-fourth by Tryal Tanner, one-eighth by William Sprague, and one-eighth by Matthew Steele.  Jared Hill came from Connecticut to build it.  Sawing was commenced in 1803.  The land on which the mill stood belonged to Judson Canfield, from whom it was rented in 1802, by Mr. Wadsworth, for seven years.  The consideration for the use of the land was thus expressed in the lease:  "One pepper-corn yearly, to be paid if demanded.
     In 1810 a carding machine was erected by a company.  The machinery was propelled by horse-power.  Wool was sent to this mill from Cleveland, Painesville and other distant points.
     A saw-mill and grist-mill was in operation in 1828, on the stream known as the "South run."  It was run by a man named Oister.

PHYSICIANS.

     The first of these useful members of society who ministered unto the sick and afflicted in Canfield was Dr. DAVID PARDEE.  He came to the settlement in 1803, but remained only a short time.  Little is known concerning him except that he was considered very much of an oddity.

     In 1807 DR. SHADRACH BOSTWICK moved from Deerfield to Canfield.  He was born in Maryland, in 1769; moved to Massachusetts, and thence to Deerfield, Portage county, in company with his father-in-law, Daniel Diver, in 1803.  He held two important positions, physician and Methodist minister.  In both he was earnest and faithful.  Though by no means deeply skilled in the healing art, he always strove to the best of his ability to effect cures, and the patient always knew that the doctor's sympathies were with him.  For many years Dr. Bostwick continued to give both medical and spiritual advice to the people of Canfield and adjoining settlements.  When he arrived in the township there was but one Methodist family among its inhabitants, but he lived to see a large and prosperous society as the result of his labors.  He died in Canfield in 1837.

     Dr. TICKNOR was a physician in Canfield as early as 1814.  He married Getia Bostwick, and practiced here with good success several years.  He held some kind of a naval commission and was subject to orders to leave at any time.

     Dr. IRA BRAINARD came to Canfield about 1817 and died here in 1825.  He studied medicine with Dr. Allen in Kinsman, and had a large practice in this region.

     Dr. CHAUNCY R. FOWLER, whose long and extensive practice in this county has secured a wide reputation, was born in Poland, this county, Sept. 25, 1802, being a son of Jonathan and Lydia (Kirtland) Fowler, the first settlers in the township of Poland.  He studied medicine with Dr. Manning, of Youngstown, and in October, 1823, commenced practice in Poland, where he continued until 1826, when he removed to Canfield, where he has since resided.  Dr. Fowler was married in 1826 to Mary D. Holland, daughter of Benjamin Holland, of Youngstown.  She died in 1865, having borne four sons and one daughter, viz.:  Dr. Charles N. Fowler, of Youngstown; Henry M. Fowler, editor of the Dispatch, Canfield; Russell C. Fowler, who died in 1858; Dr. Jonathan E. Fowler, who died in 1870, and Hannah Jane, wife of Dr. A. W. Calvin, of Canfield.  Dr. Fowler has been actively engaged in the practice of medicine in this county longer than any other physician, his practice in Canfield and adjoining townships covering a period of more  than fifty-five years.  That

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he has been successful the high esteem with which he is regarded by the large community which has employed him affords most convincing evidence.

     Dr. J. M. CALDWELL has been engaged in the practice of medicine in Canfield for about forty years past.  He was also in the drug and grocery business for some time.  Dr. Caldwell was born in Ireland, attended medical lectures in Philadelphia and graduated there over fifty years ago.

     Dr. LEWIS D. COY, eclectic physician and surgeon, is a native of this county, and though a young man is fast gaining a lucrative practice.  He settled in Canfield in 1879.

     Dr. A. W. CALVIN, for several years an esteemed physician of Canfield, died in 1881.  A sketch of his life will be found elsewhere.

     Dr. E. K. PRETTYMAN, eclectic physician, is a native of Delaware.  He practiced in Pennsylvania some years settled in Canfield in 1880.

FORMER MERCHANTS.

     The first store was established in 1804 by Zalmon Fitch, in partnership with Herman Canfield.  This is said, on good authority, to have been the second permanent mercantile establishment upon the Reserve.  Mr. Fitch continued the business in Canfield until 1813, when he moved to Warren.  While in Canfield he also kept tavern.

     COMFORT S. MYGATT, one of Canfield's earliest merchants, was born Aug. 23, 1763.  About the 1st of June, 1807, from his home in Danbury, Connecticut, he dispatched a team consisting of two pair of oxen and two horses, with a large wagon loaded with household goods for Ohio.  One week later he started with his family with four horses and a fifth horse to hitch on when necessary, which was often the case.  He overtook the first team in Shippensburg, Pennsylvania, and from there the two journeyed in company.  On the 4th of July all were in Pittsburg together, and on the 7th day arrived in Canfield, the first team having been five weeks on the road and the one which brought Mr. Mygatt and family four.  The family, at the time of their arrival, consisted of Mr. Mygatt and wife, four daughters, two sons, and two step-sons - ten persons in all.  July 16, 1807, a son was born - Dr. Eli Mygatt, now an honored citizen of Poland.  Soon after reaching Canfield Mr. Mygatt entered into partnership with Herman Canfield and Zalmon Fitch, under the firm name of Mygatt, Canfield & Fitch, and opened a store of dry goods, groceries, and general merchandise.  The partnership was dissolved after about two years, and the business was continued by MR. Mygatt during the remainder of his life.  He died in October, 1823.  In 1811 Mr. Mygatt and his wife rode on horseback from Canfield to Danbury, but returned in a two-wheel_d carriage, driving one horse before the other.  The journey, a distance of five hundred and thirty miles, occupied eleven days.

     In 1828 the merchants of Canfield were three, ALSON KENT, ELI T. BOUGHTON, and WILLIAM HOGG.

     BOUGHTON came here a young man.  He was a trailor by trade.  As a merchant he continued to do a fair business for many years.  He  died in canfield.  His first wife was a daughter of Comfort S. Mygatt, and his second the widow of Ensign Church.

     ALSON KENT came to this place from Ravenna, and was in business several years.

     WILLIAM HOGG came from Petersburg and was a fairly successful merchant.  a store built by him is now a dwelling, owned by Charles French.

     C. S. MYGATT, son of Comfort S., was born in Canfield in 1815.  In 1833 he began business with the firm of Lockwood, Mygatt & Co., dealers in general merchandise.  From that date until 1860 he was in business here as a merchant, part of the time in partnership.  My Mygatt is still a resident of his native town.

     Among others who have been merchants in Canfield, and are still residents of the place, are WILLIAM SCHMICK.  JOHN SANZENBACHER, and PIERPONT EDWARDS.  For particulars see their biographies.

CANFIELD MERCHANTS.

     Below we briefly mention the firms now doing business in Canfield, beginning at the store situated on the corner northwest of the center of the township and proceeding south to the courthouse, crossing the street and asking the reader to accompany us down on the other side:

     W. H. KYLE, dealer in hardware, etc., began business in 1878 in the corner store formerly occupied by C. S. MYGATT as a grocery.  Betts & Sons manufacture and deal in pumps in a part of the same building.

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     TRUESDALE & KIRK, who have an extensive stock of dry goods and general merchandise, began business in Schmick's block in 1876.  The senior member of this firm, Dr. J. Truesdale, began keeping a general store in 1859 in Odd Fellow's block, having James McClelland as partner, the style of the firm being McClelland & Truesdale.  Three years later McClelland went out, and Dr. Truesdale continued business alone until 1867, and then formed a partnership with Charles E. Boughton.  The partnership continued three years, and in 1870 Mr. J. C. Kirk became the Doctor's partner.  Mr. Kirk is a native of Berlin township, this county, and began his business life as a clerk in 1866, at the age of seventeen.

     HOLLIS & Brother, dealers in stoves and hardware, have been in business since 1860.  G. H. Hollis began in 1857, and was joined by his brother, R. S. Hollis, in 1860.  They were burned out in 1867, after which occurrence they built the store they now occupy.  Lynn Brothers, dealers in drugs, groceries, and notions, commenced in 1873.  The firm consists of Messrs. G. F. & E. D. Lynn, both young men and natives of the township.  They are doing a good business.  The store which they occupy had been previously used by GEE & BLYTHE, who were in the same business.

     SAMUEL EWING opened his meat market in 1878 in the shop owned by the widow LYNN.

     G. FISHEL, dealer in confectionery, tobacco, cigars, ice cream, etc., commenced in 1877.

     GEORGE BARTMAN, repairer and dealer in clocks, has been at work in this place over twenty years.

     G. RUPRIGHT, grocer, bought out JOHN MILLER in 1864.  He moved to Canfield village from a farm in the southeastern part of the township.

     A. G. ARNOLD began the furniture business about fifteen years ago.  He is now agent for ELI CREPS, and does business in the store built and now owned by ROBERT HOLE.

     G. W. SHELLHORN, manufacturer and dealer in boots and shoes, came to Canfield in 1853 from Summit county, and purchased of HENRY HOFFMAN the store formerly occupied by G. G. WEARE.

     J. O. CORLL, druggiest, began in November, 1879, having bought the store of Dr. W. M. Corll.  He keeps a large stock of first-class goods, both drugs and groceries, and aims to meet all the wants of his rapidly increasing list of customers.

     H. B. BRAINERD, tailor, came to Canfield in October, 1828, and began working at his trade, which he still continues to follows.  Mr. Brainerd was born at Saratoga Springs, New York, in 1808.  He came to Ohio in 1811 with his father, George Brainerd, who settled in Boardman.  There are four survivors of this family, viz.: Henry, Liberty, Trumbull county; Mrs. Eliza Davidson, Boardman; John H., Cuyahoga Falls, Summit county; and Horace B. Canfield.  George Brainerd, the father, died in 1870 at the age of ninety-two.  Mrs. Brainerd died in 1824 aged forty-four.  H. B. Brainerd served his apprenticeship in Cleveland when that place was but a small village.  He acted as insurance agent in Canfield about thirty-five years.

     S. C. CROOKS began the harness business in 1861.  This he still continues in connection with dealing in grain and feed.  He occupies the store formerly John Metzal's meat shop.  The building was erected for an office and occupied for some time by John Wetmore, revenue collector.

     JOHN DODSON, dealer in groceries, books, stationery, etc., commenced business in Canfield in 1859.  He has moved several times, but has been in his present store since 1868.  The building was formerly a cigar factory.  In 1881 Mr. Dodson began building a large and commodious store, two stories, 59x19 feet, which he intends to occupy as a store as soon as it is completed, at the same time carrying on business in his present quarters.

     IRA H. BUNNELL, manufacturer and dealer in saddles, harness, and trunks, commenced in 1870 in the building he now occupies.  Mr. Bunnell was born in Canfield township in 1822.  His father, Charles A. Bunnell, came here quite early and as a carpenter by trade.  Mr. Bunnell has served as justice of the peace several years.

     At present there is but one store in operation on the east side of Broad street until Main street is reached, and that one is a grocery and saloon of J. P. SADDLER, who began business in 1880.

     PIERPONT EDWARDS had a well-filled store north of the Congregational church, but closed out his business in 1881.

     M. V. B. KING, druggist, Church block, cor-

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ner of Main and Broad streets, has been in his present business since May, 1878.  He succeeded I. W. Kirk, grocer and postmaster.  Mr. King was appointed postmaster in 1879.
     EDWARDS & DYBELL, dealers in dry goods and general merchandise, commenced in May, 1881, succeeding P. Edwards.  They occupy a store in the Independent Order of Odd Fellows' block

TAVERNS.

     Who kept the first tavern in Canfield we have not learned.  In early days every house was a "house of entertainment," and new arrivals were made welcome and treated to the best the house afforded.
     Cook Fitch came to Canfield in 1802.  For some years he kept tavern north of Main street, on the east side of the road - the fourth house north of the corner where the brick block stands.  He was a quiet, straight-forward man and kept a good house, which was a stopping place for the Cleveland and Pittsburg stages.
     The brick hotel, now known as the American house, was built by Joel Keck, M. L. Edwards kept hotel a number of years in a frame hotel, afterwards burned, which occupied the site of the American house.  The American, under the management of Ira M. Twiss, is proving very popular.
     L. L. Bostwick enlarged his father's dwelling, converted it into a public house, and acted as landlord a number of years.  The house is still known as the Bostwick house.
     Besides the American and the Bostwick, Canfield has two other hotels: Canfield house, H. Hoffman, and the Union house, Christian Patterman.

BANKING

     Canfield has no National Bank, or savings institution.  Van Hyning & Co. commenced banking in 1871.  The stock company originally consisted of fourteen members, which number is now reduced to seven.  In 1873 they erected the bank building which they now occupy.  The names of the stockholders are as follows:  Henry Van Hyning, president; Peter Gee, cashier; Eben Newton, Hosea Hoover, Warren Hine, Giles Van Hyning and S. W. Brainerd.

TANNERY AND BELT MANUFACTURY.

     The leading manufacturing interest in Canfield is represented by the firm of J. Sanzenbacher & Co.  The history of this industry, briefly
sketched, is as follows:  In 1865 John Sanzenbacher bought of F. A. Brainard his tannery, and commenced work in it.  The tannery at the time of its purchase had a capacity for dressing about five hundred hides per year.  Mr. Sanzenbacher enlarged the building, and doubled the amount of work done.  About 1865 he ceased tanning, and commenced the manufacture of leather belting.  In 1867 he disposed of the building and machinery to Royal Collar.  In 1869 Mr. Sanzenbacher again engaged in the making of belts in the house which he had formerly occupied as a dwelling.  In October, 1869, he formed a partnership with Pierpont Edwards, who is still a member of the firm.  Frank Schauweker was one of the firm from
1872 to 1876.  In 1872 was erected the tannery and belt factory now in operation.  The capacity of the works was about five thousand hides per annum, but in 1879 an addition was made to the main building, 81 x 42 feet, and the amount of work considerably increased.  Until 1876 all of the stock was worked up into belts.  Since that time the manufacturers have been making a speciality of harness leather.  This firm sends and receives more freight than all the rest of the town combined.  They pay to the railroad company about $2,000 a year on freight received.  Employment is given to twenty men on an average, and the pay roll amounts to $200 per week.  The proprietors have thus far found a ready market for all of their products, and their establishment has gained a reputation for first-class work.

CLEWELL'S SAW-MILL AND LUMBER YARD.
Page 20

     In 1854 J. H. Clewell and Eben Newton purchased of John Wetmore his saw-mill and lumber yard and began business.  Mr. Clewell soon bought out Judge Newton's share, and then went into partnership with Warren Hine for several years.  Mr. Hine sold his interest to Frederick Whittlesey, who continued the business with Mr. Clewell a short time.  Since 1867 the business has been carried on by Mr. Clewell alone.  He has recently built an addition to the mill and is doing a larger business than ever, manufacturing and dealing in all kinds of house furnishing lumber.

STAR FLOURING MILL.

     This mill was built in 1879 by J. and C. W.

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Harroff.  From them it was purchased in 1880, by Stafford & Calvin, who are doing a good business.  About twenty barrels of flour are produced daily.

CARRIAGE MAKING.

     MATTHIAS SWANK was extensively engaged in the manufacture of wagons and carriages for a number of years.  Beginning in 1835 he continued the business until his death in 1881.  At one time he employed from fifteen to twenty men and turned out a large amount of work yearly.  His son, E. C. Swank, now carries on the business at the old stand on East Main street.

THE COUNTY SEAT AND ITS REMOVAL.

INCORPORATION.

CEMETERIES.

     Soon after the settlement began, a graveyard was laid out east of the center, which is now the principal cemetery of the township.  The spot is a pretty one and its appearance has been much improved of recent years by the labor of loving hands.  Here repose the bones of the founders of Canfield; peaceful be their rest after their generous toil!  In this quiet spot has been laid all that was mortal and several men whose talents and energies achieved for them during their lifetime, honor, respect, and applause.  The

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resting place of men whose reputation is widespread and National, the Canfield cemetery should ever be fondly cared for and protected by the living.
     Many costly monuments have been erected during the past few years, and they present a marked contrast to the rude stones and half effaced inscriptions which mark the graves of the earlier settlers.  This is fitting and proper; and is but another indication that the wealth and prosperity, for which they formerly labored, have been realized.  It is less difficult for sons and daughters of to-day to procure a costly monument for the graves of their departed parents, than those of sixty years ago to purchase the lowly and humble headstones, which are here so numerous.  After all, what does it matter to the dead, whether a lofty column of polished granite stands above them, or only a plain slab of unlettered sandstone.
          "The leaves of the oak and the willow shall fade,
          Be scattered around and together be laid;
          And the old and the young, and the low and the high,
          Shall moulder to dust and together shall lie."
     The next largest and next oldest graveyard is situated about one mile north of the village, and has been the burying place of the German population since their first advent to the township.  Here, too, are many tasteful stones and monuments; and the shadow of the church where they were faithful worshipers for many a year, many - the aged, the sick, and the infirm - have at length found peaceful repose, while not a few in the morn of life and the bloom of youthful promise have been laid away.  But "All that breathe will share their destiny."
     There is another graveyard in the township, near the spot where the old Disciple church stood, northwest of the center.

CHURCH HISTORY.

THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH.

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THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH*

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THIS GERMAN REFORMED LUTHERAN CHURCH.

ST. STEPHEN'S EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH

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THE DISCIPLES.

SCHOOLS.
 

MAHONING ACADEMY

NORTHEASTERN OHIO NORMAL SCHOOL

THE ONION SOCIETY.

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TEMPERANCE SOCIETY
 

SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY.

     During the war for the Union the ladies of Canfield showed their patriotism by organizing a society for the aid of the soldiers, and through their labors and generosity much valuable material aid found its way into Federal camps.  The

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society was organized Oct. 30, 1861, and its officers were:  Mrs. S. R. Canfield, president; Mrs. E. Newton, vice-president; Miss M. M. Pierson, secretary; Mrs. J. B. Blocksom, assistant secretary; Mrs. F. G. Servis, treasurer; Miss Susan Tomson, assistant treasurer.  For their generous efforts they were blessed by the hearts of hundreds of soldiers.

ODD FELLOWS.
 

THE OIL BUSINESS.
 

ANECDOTES, INCIDENTS AND TRADITIONS.

     In 1805 occurred one of those mysterious phenomena for which man has striven in vain to account.  Archibald Johnston, a settler of 1804, was a man of an intelligent, strong mind, void of bigotry or superstition.  He had purchased Nathan Moore's farm and was preparing to move onto it.  Returning home one evening he saw what appeared to him to be a burning bush, and something in the vision strongly impressed him that he would die in just six weeks.  He told his friends of his conviction, and no arguments could remove it  from his mind.  He died upon the designated day.
     The old well at the center of Canfield is a land-mark.  It was built at the exact center of the township for the benefit of the inhabitants of the town.  Mr. J. W. Canfield, while looking over some of his grandfather's papers recently, came across the bill for building the well.  There were a large number of items in it, but not a great number f articles were specified.  One word occurred with such frequency as to cause Mr. Canfield to remark, "It is astonishing how much whiskey it took to make a well in those days!"  The chief items of expense, in fact, were a certain number of gallons of whiskey, followed up by many a line of ditto, ditto. 

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     What has been said concerning the wildness of other townships will apply equally well to Canfield in early days.  Deer were so numerous that an old lady now living says it was almost as common to see one as it is to see a dog now-a-days.  The children were often obliged to be lulled to sleep while the howling of the wolves rang in their ears.  Bears were often destructive to stock, though it seems that the young people were never molested by them.  James Reed caught a young cub and tamed it.  He kept the bear tied to a stake until it was a year old, when it broke loose and escaped.
     In the days when the discussion of the slavery question was the all-absorbing topic, Canfield became possessed of a strong anti-slavery element on the one had, and on the other an equally strong pro-slavery party.  Of course the bitterest of feeling sprang up between the two, and many hostile, though bloodless,, encounters resulted.
     The mobbing of Rev. M. R. Robinson, in Berlin, in 1837, is alluded to in the history of that township.  On the morning after his rough treatment he appeared early at the house of Mr. Wetmore, south of the village of Canfield, and knocked at the door.  Mrs. Wetmore looked out of the window and saw a startling sight.  The figure of a man, hatless, with disordered clothing, feathers filling his hair and moving about in the wind, caused the good lady to think, at first, that the devil himself had appeared.  However, the family aroused, listened to the stranger's story, and at once took measures for his relief.  His soiled garments were removed and William Wetmore provided him with a change of raiment.  It being the Sabbath he went with the family to church and there made announcement that he would lecture in the afternoon.  The story of his treatment got abroad and a large audience greeted him.
     During the same year a Methodist preacher named Miller announced an anti-slavery lecture for one evening, in the Congregational church.  Many inhabitants of Canfield though they had had enough discussion of this subject and proposed to each Miller a lesson.  The result was a disgraceful scene, of which many of the participants afterwards became heartily ashamed.
     The evening for the lecture arrived and Miller  was present with his wife and son.  He had not proceeded far in his speech when he was greeted by a shower of rotten eggs, while hooting and jeering resounded through the house.  But this apostle of justice to all the human race was a man of pluck and could not be silenced in this way.  He directed his son to come and stand over him with an umbrella, to ward off the unsavory missiles; and thus protected he finished his speech.  It had been arranged to seize the speaker as he was leaving the house and then treat him to a coat of tar and feathers.  The materials, already prepared, were at hand.  But Miller walked from the pulpit and passed down the aisle between two ladies, reaching the door in safety.  He sprang into the buggy with Mrs. Miller and drove away at a rapid rate.  Attempts were made to catch him as he was entering the carriage, but he was too quick for his persecutors.  A fellow caught hold of the hind end of the buggy as it started away and hung on for some distance, but Mrs. Miller made such good use of the whip about his head and ears that he was glad to desist.  The son took to the woods and effected his escape.  When we consider that the greater part of the above described scenes were enacted in the house of God, we can form some idea of the public sentiment which then prevailed.
     But Canfield was not without a strong body of Abolitionists whose conduct was as heroic as that of the opposing element was reprehensible.  Among those who befriended and assisted the persecuted fugitive slaves was Jacob Barnes, now deceased, who resided two miles east of the village.  His house was a station on the underground railway.  In a large covered wagon which he owned he carried many a load of negroes from his house, journeying by night, to Hartford, Trumbull county, where the next station was located.

A MURDER.

     In 1826 occurred an unfortunate affair in which a poor fellow lost his life.  Archibald McLean, a worthless, drunken shoemaker, became involved in a dispute with Adam Mell and stabbed the latter with a shoe-knife.  Mell died from the effects of the wound the next day.  His death took place in February, 1826.  The stabbing was done in the house occupied by Mell in the village.  McLean had his trial, was convicted, and sentenced to the penitentiary for life.

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BIOGRAPHICAL.

     The following sketches of some of the first proprietors of the township of Canfield are principally compiled from information collected and recorded by Hon. Elisha Whittlesey:
(find these in the biographical index)

NATHANIEL CHURCH - 32
GENERAL ELIJAH WADSWORTH - 32
HON. JUDSON CANFIELD - 34
THE BEARDSLEY FAMILY - 34
JOHN SANZENBACHER AND FAMILY - 36
THE TANNER FAMILY - 37
DR. A. W. CALVIN - 39
JUDGE FRANCIS G. SERVIS - 40
HENRY VAN HYNING - 42
COLONEL SHERMAN KINNEY - 43

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NOTES OF SETTLEMENT.
(contains lots of biographies)

     GEORGE J. LYNN was born in Berks county, Pennsylvania, Dec. 26, 1775.  He came to Ohio in the fall of 1803 and purchased land in Canfield township, then Trumbull county, and settled in the midst of the forest.  He erected a rude log cabin in which he and a sister kept house until his marriage in the spring of 1807.  His wife was Miss Catharine Grove, a representative of a pioneer family.  The subject of this sketch was a poor boy and started in life with but seven cents in money and the clothes he had on.  But he patiently and successfully met every difficulty which beset his pathway and eventually accumulated quite an extensive property.  He died Nov. 14, 1833, mourned by his relatives and a host of friends, by whom he was familiarly known as "Uncle George."  He was the father of five sons and two daughters, as follows:  David, John, George, William, Levi, Mary, and Elizabeth.  Levi and William are dead, both leaving families.  Mrs. Lynn survived her husband until Mar. 15, 1866.  They are buried in the cemetery near Canfield.
     David Lynn, the eldest son of the subject of the previous sketch, was born in the old Lynn Homestead Apr. 25, 1808.  His occupation has always been that of a farmer.  He was united in marriage Feb. 17, 1808.  His occupation ahs always been that of a farmer.  He was united in marriage Feb. 17, 1834, to Miss Mary Ann Harding.  to them were born nine children, as follows:  George, John, George E., Almedus, D. E. Elizabeth C., Lucy A., Mary, and Mary Jane.  George and Mary died in infancy; the remainder are living.  Mr. Lynn is one of the prosperous and substantial farmers of his township and has held various offices of trust.  He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian church of Canfield.
     George Lynn, third son of George J. and Catharine Lynn, was born on the old homestead where he now lives in Canfield township, Mar. 21, 1813.  During his active business life he has followed farming.  He has been twice married, first to Rachel Moherman who became the mother of five sons, viz:  Freeman T., George F. Ensign Daniel, Orlando M., and Walter J. ~ pg. 44

    HENRY THOMAN, Canfield township, Mahoning county, was born in York County, Pennsylvania, in 1790.  He learned shoemaking when a young man, though he has followed farming principally.  He married Mary Marter, who died in 1860, having borne ten children, viz: Harriet, Daniel, Catherine, Lewis, Henry, Margaret, Isaac, Samuel, Jesse, and Amanda.  Six are living, - Lewis, in Kansas; Harriet (Crouse), in Crawford county; Catharine (Morris) and Margaret (Wining) in Columbiana county; Samuel and Amanda (Heinzelman), in Canfield township.  Mr. Thoman is now passing the evening of his ripe old age at the home of his son Samuel.  The family came to Beaver township, Mahoning county, in 1828.  In 1877 Mr. Thoman and his son Sam-

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uel moved to Canfield.  Samuel Thoman was born in Beaver township in 1833.  He has followed a variety of occupations, having been a carpenter, a tinner, a millwright, a merchant, and a farmer, by turns.  He has also resided in what is now Mahoning county.  In 1854 he married Elizabeth Heintzelman, of Beaver township.  They have had six children: Ora Alice, Alvin, Viola, Melvin, Cora L., and an infant daughter.  Ora Alice, Melvin, and the youngest are deceased.  The family belong to the Reformed church. ~ pg. 44

      PRIOR T. JONES, farmer, Canfield township, Mahoning county, was born in Ellsworth township, in 1836.  In 1860 he married Ellen R. Bond, of Edinburg, Portage county.  They have four children, - Lester L., Harry T., James B., and Amy Belle.  Mr. Jones is a son of James Jones, who was born in Ellsworth in 1807 and died in Canfield in 1870.  He married Huldah Tanner, and lived in Ellsworth until 1852, then moved to Canfield.  While in Ellsworth he carried on tanning some years.  His widow still lives in Canfield.  She has borne four children, three of whom are living:  William died in Kansas in 1857 about twenty-four years of age;  Prior T., Fanny (Turner), and Laura reside in Canfield.  A sketch of the Jones family will be found in the history of Ellsworth. ~ Pg. 45

     GEORGE F. LYNN, member of the firm of Lynn Brothers, druggists, Canfield, Mahoning county, was born in Canfield township, Mar. 20, 1845, a son of George and Rachel Lynn.  He followed the dry goods business seven years, commencing in 1866.  Since 1873 he has been engaged in the drug business.  He was married Nov. 9, 1872, to Lena N. Taylor, of Canfield.  Mr. Lynn, for a young man, has been honored with a large number of local offices.  He has been township clerk nine successive years; secretary of the Mahoning County Agricultural society one year, and treasurer of the same two years.  He was nominated for county auditor in 1880 by the Democrats, and ran about four hundred votes ahead of the rest of the ticket; he was a member of the Democratic Executive committee several years, and was chairman of the central committee in 1879, and exerts much influence in  the Democratic party.  He is one of the incorporators of the Northeastern Ohio Normal school, Canfield, and is secretary of its board of trustees.  He has served several years as councilman of the incorporated village of Canfield. ~ pg. 45

    J. C. TURNER, farmer and coal operator, Canfield township, Mahoning County, was born in 1832 on the old Turner hometead, his present residence.  In 1869 he married Fanny Jones, daughter of James and Huldah Jones, of Canfield.  They have two children living, one deceased - Elsie, Laura Electa, and Sylvia (deceased).  Mr. Turner is proprietor of a coal bank, from which he is shipping several car loads of coal daily.  He has been working the mine about three years.  At present he employs from thirty to forty men, and is the most extensive coal operator in the township.  For Turner family see Canfield township history.  ~Pg. 45

     WARREN HINE, stock dealer and farmer, Canfield, Mahoning county, was born in Warren, Litchfield county, Connecticut, in 1810.  In 1811 his parents returned to Canfield their home, and here Mr. Hine has since lived.  He has followed agricultural pursuits and is a large dealer in stock; he has been buying and selling for many years and is well known throughout a large region.  Mr. Hine was married in 1836 to Rhoda Tichner, a native of Salisbury, Connecticut.  They have no children of their own, but have reared two in their family, namely, Kate and Warren.  During the war Mr. Hine warmly espoused the Union cause and was earnest in getting recruits for the army.  Formerly a Whig he is now a Republican.  Mr. Hine is a wide-awake citizen and a friend to every good work.  He was one of the earliest supporters and organizers of the Mahoning County Agricultural society.  For his parentage see chapter on Canfield township. ~ Page 45

     LEWIS D. COY, physician, Canfield, Mahoning county, was born in Green village, Mahoning county, in 1848, the son of Wesley and Dorothea (Bush) Coy, of Green village.  He studied with Dr. Tritt, of Green; attended Eclectic Medical institute, Cincinnati; graduated therefrom May 9, 1876.  He then located in Green Village and practiced till April, 1879, when he settled in Canfield, where he now enjoys a large and increasing practice.  In April, 1881, he was appointed physician at the county infirmary.  This, with his outside calls, keeps the doctor very busy.  In 1668 he married Laura C. Bowell, of New Albany, Ohio, who has borne two children, Olive F. and Warren.  Dr. Coy served in the late war; enlisted Jan., 1864, in company C, Sixth Ohio cavalry, and served until the close of the Rebellion.  He is a member of the Lutheran church. ~ Page 45

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     JOHN H. CLEWELL, lumber dealer, Canfield, Mahoning county, was born in Northampton county, Pennsylvania, in 1806.  He worked as a tinner and locksmith some years.  In 1835 he came to Ohio and resided in Green village, Mahoning county, where he was engaged in buying and selling stock.  In 1837 he moved to Canfield and kept the hotel known as the Clewell house on the site of the present American house.  This business he continued until 1848.  He then went to Philadelphia, where he kept hotel about one year.  In May, 1850, he returned to Canfield and began the manufacture of sewing machines.  In 1854 he engaged in the lumber business, which he still continues.  At first his work was making bed-pins and broom-handles.  In the first days of the oil well excitement he manufactured pump-rods for the oil well pumps.  He now manufactures and deals quite extensively in all kinds of house-furnishing lumber.  Mr. Clewell was married in 1830 to Elizabeth Koehler (born in 1808), daughter of Nathaniel Koehler, of Lebanon, Pennsylvania.  To them have been born four children: Harriet Adelia (Whittlesey), Canfield; Stephen Albert, Stillwater, Minnesota; Delorma M., Revenna, and Mary L. (Super), Athens.  Mr. Clewell is a member of the Odd Fellows. ~ Pg. 46

     JOHN J. N. DELFS, tanner, Canfield, Mahoning county, was born in Hamburg, North Germany, in 1849.   In July, 1872, he emigrated to America, and after remaining a few months in New York city went to Hartford, Connecticut, and worked at his trade.  From Hartford he went to Holyoke, Massachusetts, thence to Rockwell, Connecticut, from Rockwell to Cleveland, from Cleveland to Pittsburg, and from the latter place to Canfield in 1877.  The following year he married Miss Ida M. Tanner.  They have had two children - Roy and Fannie.  Only the son is living.  Mr. Delfs belongs to the order of Odd Fellows.  Mrs. Delfs is a member of the Congregational church. ~ Pg. 46

     ALLEN CALVIN, miller, Canfield, Mahoning county, was born in Green township, Mahoning county, in 1842.  He is a son of Robert Calvin.  He lived at home until of age, then went to Southern Illinois, and was there nearly all of the time for eighteen years engaged in milling.  In 1880 he returned to Mahoning county, and began milling in Canfield.  Mr. Calvin was married in 1868, to Miss Julia E. Reese, of Annapolis, Crawford county, Illinois.  She was a native of Pennsylvania; she died in November, 1874, leaving two children living - Eva Laura and Joe V.  Another, Cora Lee, is dead.  Mr. Calvin is a Democrat politically. ~ Pg. 46

     WILLIAM SCHMICK, retired merchant, Canfield, Mahoning county, was born in Reading, Berks County, Pennsylvania, Aug. 21, 1812.  When fifteen years of age he began to learn the trade of making hats, and worked at this trade until 1840.  In September, 1833, Mr. Schmick came to Ohio, and began working at Green village, now in Mahoning county.  There he continued fifteen years.  During this time he was elected sheriff of Mahoning county, and moved to Canfield, which has since been his home.  In 1850 Mr. Schmick engaged in business as a merchant and continued until 1861, when he gave up his store to his sons.  From 1853 to 1861 Mr. Schmick served as postmaster of Canfield.  Four years, 1857-61, he was deputy United States marshall of the Northern district in Ohio.  He was cashier of the bank in Canfield four years (1870-74).  He has been a very active and successful business man.  During recent years he has not been in active business, though he continues to take deep interest in all that relates to the prosperity of his town or county.  In 1881 he was nominated by the Democrats of Mahoning county, without his knowledge or consent, for State Senator, but of course in a strongly Republican district an election could not be expected.  Mr. Schmick was married in 1837 to Mrs. Rhoda Trevett (nee Brookhart) of Frankfort, Hampshire county, Virginia.  To them have been born two sons, William Henry and Charles Nelson. Both are prosperous business men of Leetonia, Columbiana county, where they are engaged in banking and mercantile business; also doing an extensive business in iron manufacture, being the proprietors of a rolling-mill, two blast furnaces, etc. ~ pg. 46

     HOSEA HOOVER, Canfield, Mahoning county, was born in Kendall, Stark county, Ohio, Nov. 27, 1814.  He is the oldest son of Jacob and Elizabeth) Shellenberger) Hoover, who came from Pennsylvania to Ohio at an early date.  His father died in 1835; his mother is still living.  The family consisted of eight children, of whom five are living - Hosea, Canfield; David, Marlboro, Stark county; Hector, Alliance; Mrs. Mary Tribbey, Ravenna; and Frances, Alliance.  Mrs. Hoover, the mother, is still living at Alliance, at the ripe age of eighty-eight years, in good health, and in full possession of her faculties.  The names of her children who are deceased are Hiram P., died at Petersburg; Humphrey, died at Alliance; John, died in Stark county.  After the death of his father, Hosea being the oldest of the children, the care of the family devolved largely upon him, and for many years all his earnings were contributed to its support.  Mr. Hoover has resided in this county nearly all of his life; his parents moved to Springfield township, now in Mahoning county, when he was about four years old, and he has since resided in Mahoning.  When a young man he learned carpentry and joining, and worked at that business until 1854.  In that year he was elected treasurer of Mahoning county; moved to Canfield with his family in 1856.  Having been re-elected in 1856, he thus served two terms with great credit to himself and satisfaction to the citizens who elected him.  Mr. Hoover was employed in the drug business about nine years.  He served as deputy collector of internal revenue in this county for four years and eight months.  He was married Jan. 26, 1842, to Mary Seidner, daughter of Christian Seidner, of Springfield township.  Mr. Hoover is an active member of the Odd Fellows, which organization he joined twenty-six years ago.  He has been a member of the Methodist church forty-six years,  and has contributed liberally toward its support.  ~ pg. 46 - 47

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     PIERPONT EDWARDS, manufacturer, Canfield, Mahoning county, was born in New Milford, Litchfield county, Connecticut, July 7, 1812, the second of a family of seven children.  His grandfather, Edward Edwards, of Welsh parentage, was born in London, July 16, 1743, and died in this country Oct. 19, 1823.  Edward Edwards sailed from Bristol, England, Apr. 6, 1764; arrived in New York the 27th of May following, and settled in New Milford.  His wife, Martha, died June 3, 1824, aged eight-two.  The father of Pierpont Edwards was Martin Luther Edwards, born May 18, 1781, and died Sept. 14, 1870.  His mother was Sarah Hoyt, who died Feb. 25, 1851, at the age of sixty-seven.  Her father was Nathan Hoyt, who was driven out of Norwalk when it was burned by the British during the Revolutionary war.  M. L. Edwards and family moved to Warwick, Orange county, New York, in 1821, and resided there until the spring of 1827, when the whole family started for Ohio in a two-horse wagon.  They were three weeks on the way.  They settled in Canfield permanently, excepting one year afterwards spent in Boardman and one in Steubenville.  Pierpont Edwards followed chair-making and painting a number of years with his father, and afterwards by himself.  In 1838 he was married to Electa Chapman, daughter of Edmund P. and Fanny Tanner.  She died Sept. 22, 1840, aged twenty years, and an infant son died the 11th of the following month.  Nov. 8, 1842, Mr. Edwards married Mary Patch, formerly of Groton, Massachusetts.  She has borne three sons and three daughters.  The oldest, Albert Tanner, died Oct. 4, 1863, in his twentieth year.  The remaining five are living - Sarah Electa, George Rufus, Lucy, Ellen and Martin Luther.  In 1851 Mr. Edwards' house and shop were burned.  He then engaged in selling stoves, clothing, etc., and for a few years was in the drug and medicine business with the late Dr. W. W. Prentice and his brother, Dr. N. P. Prentice, now of Cleveland.  During the late war he was in partnership with J. Sanzenbacher in the drug and grocery line.  His health failing he dissolved partnership and sold out.  In 1866 he built a new store and commenced dealing in groceries and notions in 1867.  This business he continued until May, 1881.  In 1869 he formed a partnership with J. Sanzenbacher and began the business of tanning and manufacturing leather belting, which business is still carried on in the name of J. Sanzenbacher & Co., who are assisted by George R. Edwards and Charles Sanzenbacher, sons of the partners, and I. Callahan, Mr. Sanzenbacher's son-in-law, who have an interest in the business.  This industry is more fully noticed under the head of Canfield township. ~ pg. 47

[Page 48] -

     STEPHEN W. JONES, Canfield, Mahoning county, was born in Stockbridge, Massachusetts, July 29, 1799.  He passed his early life farming, and has followed that business principally, though with the usual characteristics of a Yankee he has turned his hand to almost every kind of Mechanical labor, such as carpentry, wagon manufacturing, furniture making, etc.  In middle life he became much interested in scientific studies, especially geology, and has followed up his investigations zealously through many years.  In 1853 he was sent to the Holy Land by the Society for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Jews, looking to the colonization and improvement of the Jews of that portion of the world.  He was there during the Crimean war and saw many of the trying scenes of those troublous times.  In 1855 he returned to his home in Massachusetts and resumed farming and mechanical work.  In 1864 he sold his farm and for four years was engaged in various occupations.  In 1864 he was among the mines of Nova Scotia five months, being employed as a geological expert.  Returning to Boston he was immediately engaged by a mining company to investigate the newly discovered oil regions, and followed this work some, traveling a portion of each year.  He journeyed hundreds and frequently thousands of miles yearly, often on foot, and made explorations in New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Virginia, Kentucky, etc.  In 1868 he moved to Salem, Columbiana county, Ohio.  His wife died that year and he again became a wanderer, visiting and residing in various localities.  In 1871 he settled permanently in Canfield, his present home.  Mr. Jones possesses a keen, investigating mind, and his travels amount of valuable scientific information.  His travels have extended over all the northern States east of the Mississippi and though Canada and the provinces.  He has published many articles in the press, and his opinions are regarded as of weight and value by scientific men.  At the advanced age of eight-two his mind is remarkably active and his capacity for mental and physical labor great.  He possesses a rare and valuable collection of minerals from all parts of America, as well as many choice relics gathered in the Holy Land.  Mr. Jones was married, Mar. 3, 1824, to Dalesa Crosby, of Stockbridge, Massachusetts.  She died in 1869, having borne one child, Sarah Elizabeth, born in 1825 and died at the age of twenty-three.  Jan. 13, 1872, he married Almira Mygatt, youngest daughter of Comfort S. Mygatt, one of the early merchants of Canfield. ~ pg. 48

     JUDSON W. CANFIELD, farmer and county surveyor, Canfield, Mahoning county, was born in Canfield, Dec. 5, 1828.  He is the only son of Henry J. Canfield.  He was educated in the schools of his native place, studied surveying with his father and S. W. Gilson, and began its practice in 1849.  He has served three terms of three years each as county surveyor and is now serving a fourth term.  As a practical surveyor Mr. Canfield sustains an enviable reputation.  He was assistant provost marshal of the Nineteenth district during a portion of hte war period, and was also assistant assessor of internal revenue several years.  In addition to his other duties Mr. Canfield manages a large farm.  On the 28th of February, 1853, he was married to Betsey M. Turner, daughter of James Turner, of Canfield.  They have five children namely: Julia A., Maude M., Walter H., Judson T., and Colden R.  For Mr. Canfield's ancestry see the chapter of Canfield township.  The first map of Mahoning county, made in 1861, is the work of Mr. Canfield. ~ pg. 48

     JOHN DODSON, merchant, Canfield, Mahoning county, was born at Stepney Green, near London, England, in 1808.  In 1852 he emigrated to America, settling in Cleveland and engaging as a clerk in 1853.  In 1859 he removed to Canfield and engaged in merchandising, which he continues to follow.  Mr. Dodson was married in England in 1832 to Eleanor Sullivan.  She died in 1854 in Canfield, having borne no children.  In 1865 he married Melissa R. Skyles, a native of Pennsylvania, by whom he has two children living and one dead, viz:  Victoria (deceased), Tom Vass, and John Warren.  Mr. Dodson is a successful business man. ~ pg. 48

     J. O. CORLL, druggist, Canfield, Mahoning county, was born in Canfield township, Nov. 20, 1857.  He is a son of William Corll.  He was educated in the schools of Canfield, and commenced business for himself in 1879.  Mr. Corll is a young man of enterprise and is fast laying the foundation for a successful business career. ~ Pg. 48

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     S. E. DYBALL, dentist and merchant, Canfield, Mahoning county, was born in Orange, Cuyahoga county, May 2, 1856.  He was educated in the schools of his native county; studied dentistry at Chagrin Falls, came to Canfield and began its practice in May, 1877.  He son found his business rapidly increasing and is now kept busy constantly.  In the spring of 1881 he joined  Mr. M. L. Edwards in a partnership in the dry goods business.  Mr. Dyball was married October 31, 1877, to Lora J. Antisdale, of Chagrin Falls.  He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows lodge.  At the spring election, 1880, he was chosen mayor of the village of Canfield, which office he still continues to hold.  ~ Pg. 46

     DR. JACKSON TRUESDALE, merchant, Canfield, Mahoning county, was born in Austintown township, in 1820.  He is a son of John and Mary (Reed) Truesdale, of Poland township.  His parents died when he was between four and five years of age, and thenceforth he was cared for by his grandmother until about twelve years old, at which time he became a member of the family of his uncle, Dr. Joseph Truesdale, of Poland township.  He attended the select schools of Poland, and about the age of sixteen began studying under private tutors at Oberlin, and afterwards at Allegheny college.  At the age of seventeen he commenced teaching in the district schools of this county, and in 1840 went to Kentucky, where he continued in the same employment.  He taught three years or more in Kentucky and Tennessee, employing his spare time in the study of medicine.  In 1844 he returned to this county and continued his studies under his uncle's tuition; attended medical lectures at the Cleveland Medical school; began the practice of medicine in 1846 at Lordstown, Trumbull county, removed thence to Frederick, Milton township, Mahoning county; from Frederick to North Benton, thence to North Jackson, and to Canfield in 1855.  While residing in Jackson Dr. Truesdale was elected justice of the peace and served several years, and in 1854 he was elected county auditor of Mahoning county.  At the expiration of his first term he was re-elected and administered the duties of that responsible office during another term to the entire satisfaction of the citizens of the county.  In 1859the doctor embarked in mercantile enterprise, in which he still continues.  Dr. Truesdale has been married four times; first to Julia Tanner, of Kentucky, she lived only a few months and died of consumption; second to Lola M. Tyler, of Lorain county, who died after being married three or four years, leaving two children, Henry T. and Lola M.  Henry entered company E, second Ohio cavalry at the age of sixteen; was captured by the enemy, and after nine months' imprisonment died at Andersonville.  He was a noble young man and his untimely death was a heavy blow to his parents.  Lola is the wife of Edgar Cummins, of Lorain county, where she resides.  Dr. Truesdale was next married to Hannah Eckis, of Milton township, who lived about sixteen years after her marriage.  There were no children.  In 1865 he married the lady who now presides in his home, Lucy Allen Ripley, of Berlin, daughter of Edwin Ripley, and granddaughter of General Ripley.  The fruits of this union have been three children, two of whom are living, viz:  Eddie (died in infancy), William J., and John.  Dr. Truesdale is a prominent member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows lodge, from which he has received the highest honors within its gift.  He has been a member of the Methodist church from boyhood. ~ Pg. 49

     ISAAC MANCHESTER, the third son of Benjamin Manchester, was born in Canfield in 1810, and was married Oct. 2, 1834, to Eleanor, daughter of Hugh Wilson, who emigrated from county Down, in the north of Ireland, and settled in Canfield at an early day.  She died Oct. 18, 1867.  To them were born six children, who are now living, viz: Hugh Alexander, born Mar. 5, 1837; Robert Asa, born Aug. 13, 1838; William John, born Sept. 27, 1840; Mary Margaret, born Apr. 22, 1844; Benjamin Oscar, born Nov. 11, 1847; Hannah Jane Elizabeth, born July 20, 1854.  They are all married.  The oldest two live in Mahoning county, and the others all live in the State of Indiana.  Benjamin Oscar is, at present, city clerk of Elkhart.  H. A. Manchester and Miss Rose A. Squire, who was born Sept. 27, 1838, were married Nov. 8, 1859.  She was the daughter of Asher Canfield Squire, who was a native of Connecticut, and moved with his father to Canfield, Ohio, at a very early day.  Her mother was Mary, daughter of Thomas Janes, who moved from Maryland and settled in Ellsworth township in 1804.  H. A. and Rose A. are the parents of six children, Mary E., born June 20, 1861, an intelligent and amiable girl, who died Sept. 22, 1880; "Laura E., born Dec. 5, 1862; Fanny C., born July 8, 1865; Isaac Asher, born July 22, 1867; William Charles, born Dec. 25, 1873; Curtis Asa, born Nov. 6, 1876.  H. A. received a liberal education at the Poland and Mahoning academies.  He commenced teaching school at the age of eighteen, and has followed that profession more or less every year since.  His general practice has been to teach in the fall and winter months, and to cultivate his farm in the spring and summer.  He has taught the district school where he now lives, and in which he was raised, for twenty-three winters.  He is now, and has been for the last six years, a member and clerk of the board of county school examiners.  He has also been moderately successful and thrifty as a farmer, having acquired, by the aid of a most industrious and economical helpmeet, a farm of over two hundred acres in the southwest part of the township.  He has been elected to fill, at different times, nearly every important local and township office.  He is now one of the justices of the peace of the township, and has held the office for the last fourteen years.  He was the Democratic candidate for Representative in the State Legislature at the last election, and though defeated, as the county is largely Republican, in his own township he received the entire vote of his party and nearly one-half of the whole Republican vote.  ~ Pg. 49

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     JACOB BARNES was a native of New Haven, Connecticut, born in 1785.  In 1813 he married Nancy Carroll, who is still living.  She was born in Surry county, Virginia, in 1790.  The family moved to Canfield in 1826.  There were twelve children, eight of whom arrived at maturity, and seven are still living - Ann (Doud), chicago; Jacob H., Bement, Illinois; Jane (Ellett), Alliance, Ohio; Lois (Hine), Leetonia; Nancy (Heff), Humboldt, Kansas; Theophilus and Sarah Canfield.  Mr. Barnes was a pronounced anti-slavery man, and his efforts to assist the fugitives are of considerable local notoriety.  He died in 1848.  His widow now resides in Canfield village. ~ pg. 50

     T. G. BARNES, son of Jacob and Nancy Barnes, was born in Canfield township, Aug. 8, 1828.  He has always followed farming, and has always lived upon the farm where he was born and of which he is now the owner, which consists of seventy-one acres.  He married Oct. 14, 1857, Miss Alice A. Cowden the result of which union was three children, two sons and one daughter - Williard S., Gertrude C., and John J., all of whom are living.  ~ Pg. 50

     DARIUS J. CHURCH, of Canfield township, Mahoning county, was born in that town in 1825.  He received a good common school education, and afterwards followed general merchandising, in which business he was successfully engaged for many years.  In 1852, two days after the election of President Pierce, he was married to Miss Electa Morrel, of Orangeville, Wyoming county, New York, and by this union is the father of two children- Fannie, born July, 1853, now the wife of John T. McConnell, a merchant of Mineral Ridge, Mahoning county; and Fred Church, of the firm of Church & Coffee, of Youngstown, born Sept., 1854. - pg. 50

     R. J. CROCKETT, farmer, Canfield township, Mahoning county, was born Jan. 3, 1837.  He was the second son of James and Sarah Crockett, who were the parents of ten children who grew up and were married.  The subject of this sketch came from his native State, Virginia, when but two yeas of age with his parents to Ohio, the family settling in Portage county.  At the outbreak of the rebellion he enlisted in company A, First Ohio light artillery, and served for four years.  He participated in some of the severest engagements of the war, Shiloh, Chickamauga, Kenesaw Mountain, Mission Ridge, etc.  He received a wound in the arm near the shoulder by a ball from one of the enemy in one of the engagements, but the injury did not prove serious.  At the expiration of his term of service he returned to hi home, then in Stark county.  He had learned the trade of carpenter and joiner, and he now took up that business and followed it for a few years.  He then went to Ellsworth, Mahoning county, and was married to Miss Caroline Lour.  To them have been born three children - Perry J., Frank, and Florence E.  Mr. Crockett is the owner of a finely improved farm, the result of industry and economy.  James Crockett, his father, was a soldier in the War of 1812.  - pg. 50

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     LEWIS CRAMER, farmer, Canfield township, Mahoning county, second son of W. F. and Agnes C. Cramer, was born in Beaver township, Mahoning county, in 1837.  His father and mother were natives of Germany, born respectively in the years 1793 and 1795.  They emigrated from Germany with their family, consisting of four daughters and one son of the father of Mr. Cramer, in the year 1830.  They came to what is now Mahoning county and settled in Beaver township.  He cleared up and improved a farm which he occupied until 1855, when he moved to Berlin township where he resided until his death, 1860 or 1861.  His wife survived him some twelve years.  Lewis Cramer, when sixteen years of age learned the trade of carpenter and joiner and followed it with industry for sixteen years.  He afterwards became a farmer and still continues in that occupation.  He was married in 1867 to Miss Mary Ann Kenreigh and has two sons, Noah M. and William F.  Mr. Cramer is a farmer of thrift and enterprise, as is plainly evidenced by his surroundings.  Himself and Mrs. Cramer are both members of the Lutheran church.
 - pg. 51

     DAVID CLUGSTON, of Canfield, Mahoning county, fifth son of Thomas and Mary Clugston, was born in Franklin county, Pennsylvania, in December, 1829.  He was married in 1851 to Miss Lavona McKelvey, of Portage county.  Mr. Clugston is a blacksmith by trade and is associated with Thomas C. Scott, under the firm name of Clugston & Scott, in that business in Canfield.  He is an enterprising citizens taking an active interest in educational matters.  Himself and wife ware both members of hte Disciple church of Canfield.  - pg. 51

     J. S. COLLAR, manufacturer of lumber, Canfield township, Mahoning county, fourth son of Ira A. and Sarah E. Collar, is a native of Mahoning county, born in 1849.  At an early age he began work in the mill with his father in the manufacture of lumber, which business he has successfully followed.  He was married in 1873 to Miss Christina Toot and has two children - Carrie D. and Ella May.

     WILLIAM Y. COMSTOCK, farmer, of Canfield township, Mahoning county, was born in Williamstown, Berkshire county, Massachusetts, Jan. 12, 1816.  He came to Portage county, Ohio, in 1832.  Sept. 1, 1842, he married Miss Betsey Hine, of Canfield, by whom he has three daughter, viz:  Chenia W., born Mar. 21, 1847, Carrie S., born Oct. 26, 1853, Mary H., born Apr. 22, 1858.  Mr. and Mrs. Comstock are members of the Presbyterian church of Canfield.  They are now residing upon the old Hine homestead.  - pg. 51

     HIRAM DEAN, farmer, of Canfield township, Mahoning county, is a native of Connecticut, born in the year 1799, and came with his father's family to Canfield.  He married in 1821 Miss Ruby Mason, by whom he has had seven children, four sons and three daughtera: Austin, Mason, Priscilla, Benjamin, Mary, William, and Minerva.  Mason and Mary are still living.  - pg. 51

     ORVILL EDSALL, eldest son of Henry Edsall, was born on the old homestead, where Amos Swank now lives, east of Canfield, Dec. 13, 1825.  He was married in April, 1852, to Lydia Ritter, daughter of Henry Ritter, now eighty-seven years of age and living in Berlin township.  For several years after his marriage Mr. Edsall resided in Canfield, where he kept a grocery and provision store for some time, and then moved to the farm where he now lives.  Mr. Edsall has a family of one daughter and two sons, viz: Julia, Charles H., and Edwin.  One child is deceased - Hiram, who died in infancy.  Julia married Charles Wetmore and has one child, Frank.  - pg. 51

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     BENJAMIN L. HINE, fourth son of David and Achsah Hine, was born upon the old homestead in Canfield township, Dec. 17, 1814.  He assisted his father in carrying on the farm until twenty years of age, when he went to take care of his uncle Justus Sackett's farm, which he superintended for seven years while his uncle was absent dealing in stock.  He then returned to his father's home near Canfield and took charge of the old farm for three years.  He then purchased sixty acres near by, and as he prospered added to his original purchase, the farm containing one hundred and forty-two acres at the time of his death.  He married Miss Silia W. Comstock Oct. 5, 1841, and had one son and one daughter, Henry M. and Lucy E.  He died Oct. 20, 1872.  His widow still survives and lives with her son Henry, who owns the old farm.  He was born Oct. 17, 1843; married Jan. 1, 1866, Miss Clara Williams, and has two children - Charles H. and Frances Irene, two having died in infancy.  Lucy married, Jan. 3, 1870, Henry Cozad, by whom she had one child.  Her husband lived but two years, and she subsequently married again  and now resides in Akron, Ohio.  - pg. 51

     WILLIAM HINE, the youngest child of David and Achsah Hine, was born upon the old Hine homestead in Canfield township, Jan. 9, 1828.  He married, Sept. 30, 1851, Miss Mary A. McClelland, which union has been childless.  From boyhood Mr. Hine has been engaged in agricultural pursuits and is now situated upon finely improved farm in Canfield.  He is a representative of a pioneer and respected family.  He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian church at Canfield. - pg. 52

     HORACE HUNT, farmer, Canfield township, Mahoning county, eldest son of Ezra Hunt, was born in Boardman township, that county, in 1805.  Ezra Hunt came from Milford, Connecticut, about the beginning of the present century to Boardman township in company with Elijah Boardman, for whom the township was named.  Mr. Hunt purchased a lot of Boardman on which he built a cabin.  About the year 1804 he married Miss Dema Sprague, daughter of an early settler.  They encountered the various hardships and privations incident to pioneer life, and now sleep in the burying-ground at Canfield.  They had a family of five sons and one daughter as follows:  Horace, Charles, Emeline, Orvill, Richard and Harmon.  Orvill, Richard, and Emeline are dead.  Richard died while in the army, at Nashville, Tennessee, during the war of the Rebellion.  Horace remained on the farm with his father until twenty-five years of age, and also worked at the trade of carpenter and joiner.  As early as sixteen he began teaching school.  In 1833 he married Miss G. Ruggles, and has had five sons and one daughter - Cornelius C., Alfred A., Chauncey M., Alice M., Azor R., and Henry M.  Alfred and Chauncey enlisted in the army in the war of 1861-65.  Alfred fell in battle of Atlanta, Georgia, and lies buried in a Southern grave.  Chauncey returned to his home at the close of the war in a shattered physical condition, but with careful nursing by a kind mother finally recovered.  He now resides in Warren, Ohio, and is manager of the Kinsman Machine works.  Horace Hunt is still residing on his first purchase.  He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church of Canfield.  - pg. 52

     ELI HARDING, farmer, Canfield township, Mahoning county, is the fifth child and third son of John and Elizabeth Harding, of the preceding sketch, and was born on the old homestead,  near Canfield, Dec. 20, 1821.  He was raised upon the farm and remained with his father until he was twenty-five years of age.  In 18498 he married Miss Rosa Yager, whose parents were early settlers in Mahoning county.  They have a family consisting of one son and three daughters, all of whom are living, namely:  Betty, John A., Julia A. and Charlotte.  Mr. Harding is an enterprising citizen and prosperous farmer. - pg. 52

     GEORGE E. HARDING, farmer, Canfield township, Mahoning county, was born Sept. 1, 1819.  He is a representative of a family who were among the earliest settlers of that township.  His grandfather, John Harding, came to the township with his family as early as 1805 or 1807, and settled on the farm now occupied by the subject of this sketch.  He died in his seventy-ninth year, after a long life of toil and usefulness, his wife surviving him some years.  After their death the homestead was bought by John, the second son, who was born in Lehigh county, Pennsylvania, in the year 1787.  He came to Ohio with his parents.  At the age of twenty-four he married Miss Elizabeth Crumrine.  He had a family of five sons and three daughters, viz:  Mary Ann, Elizabeth, John A., George E., Eli, Peter, Lucy Ann,  and Jacob.  Elizabeth, John A., and Jacob are decreased.  John was killed by a hay fork striking him upon the head while unloading hay.  The father and mother are both deceased, Mr. Harding surviving his wife nine or ten years.  They were good citizens, earnest Christians, and useful members of society.  George E. Harding, the fourth child and second son, as before stated, occupies the homestead which for so many years has been in possession of the family, and is one of the enterprising farmers of the community.  He married, in 1850, Miss Elizabeth Lynn, and has a family of six daughters and one son, viz: Emma E., Fannie Alice, Melissa S., Anna S., Ida, Celia, and George L.  One daughter (Mary Ellen) is dead. - pg. 52

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     PETER HARDING, youngest son of John and Elizabeth Harding, was born on the old Harding homestead, near Canfield, Oct. 18, 1824.  He assisted his father in carrying on teh farm until twenty-five years of age.  Three years later he purchased sixty acres adjoining the old farm, and when thirty years of age he married Miss Amanda Diehl.  They have four children as follow:  Mary E., Willie G., Clara B., and Frankie I.  Mary E. is the wife of J. A. Ebert, a farmer of Ellsworth township, and has one son and two daughters, Flora B., Scott Wilson, and Lizzie E.  Mr. Harding is among the substantial and enterprising farmers of this township. - pg. 53

     JONATHAN KLINE was born in Northampton county, Pennsylvania, in 1796 or 1797.  His father was Abraham Kline, who came to Ohio in the early settlement of the county and located where the city of Youngstown now stands.  Here he reared his family, consisting of three sons and three daughters.  He was an active man and a large property-holder, dealing largely in stock, in which he was very successful.  He was born in Northampton county.  Pennsylvania, in 1769, and died Dec. 1, 1816, at the age of forty-seven.  Jonathan Kline at the age of twenty-five was married to Elizabeth, daughter of Philip Arner, having settled two years before upon a portion of his father's estate in Canfield township.  He followed in the footsteps of his father, superintending his large estate, consisting of one thousand acres, and also dealt largely in stock.  He was the father of five sons, viz:  Solomons, Gabriel, Peter, Caleb, and Heman;  all living but Caleb who died at the age of four years.  Mr. Kline died in 1871, leaving a family of four sons and a widow, and numerous friends to mourn his loss.  His widow is still living on the old place in Canfield.  Peter Kline was born Aug. 25, 1830, and in 1853 married Hannah Beard.  The fruit of this union was one son, Jonathan Allen.  Mr. Kline, like his father and grandfather, turned his attention to farming and stock-raising and is the owner of one of the best improved farms in his township.  Heman Kline, the youngest son of Jonathan and Elizabeth Kline, was born in 1844, and at the age of nineteen married Miss Martha Folk, and settled in Berlin township on the farm where he now lives.  He has three children, Charles H., Warren C. and Ida May.  - pg. 53

     JOHN KIRK, farmer, Canfield township, Mahoning county, son of John and Ann Kirk, was born in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, May 15, 1827.  He came with his parents to Jefferson county, Ohio, in the year 1829.  His father having died he remained with his mother until the twenty-third year of his age, when he married Miss Mary Pow, whose parents were early settlers in Mahoning county, owning the farm now owned by the subject of this sketch.  To Mr. and Mrs. Kirk have been born three daughters - Elizabeth, Jane and Barbara.  Jane is the wife of M. S. Frederick.  Mr. Kirk has given a good deal of attention to the raising of stock, and is the owner of a well-improved and good farm.  Mrs. Kirk is a member of the Disciple church. - pg. 53

     GEORGE D. MESSERLY, oldest child of John and Susannah Messerly, was born in Beaver township, now Mahoning county, in 1836, on the old Messerly homestead.  He remained at home assisting his father upon the farm until his marriage in 1861.  He married Miss Mary Ann Miller, and has one daughter and two sons - Hattie E., Joseph and Charlie A.; Joseph died in infancy.  Mr. Messerly is a thrifty and prosperous farmer, owning two hundred and forty-eight acres in the eastern part of Canfield township.  He and his wife are both members of Paradise Reformed church, in Beaver township. - pg. 53

     JOHN C. MILLER, manufacturer of lumber, Canfield township, Mahoning county, was born in that county in 1847.  He remained upon the farm with his father until his marriage in 1869.  His wife was Sarah E. Collar, by whom he has one child, Rollis R.  In 1877 Mr. Miller and J. S. Collar formed a co-partnership for the manufacture of lumber, under the name of Miller & Collar.  Their saw-mill is situated about two and a half miles south of Canfield. - pg. 53

     HENRY M. MEEKER, carpenter and joiner, Canfield, Mahoning county, was born Mar. 3, 1837.  His father, Marion Meeker, was born in Connecticut in 1806; came to Mahoning county, then Trumbull, Ohio, in 1822.  During his life time he was engaged in various pursuits; first a farmer and stock dealer and later proprietor of the Americal hotel, of Canfield, or more commonly known as the Meeker house.  This he conducted until his death in 1865.  His wife, whose maiden name was Cynthia D. Cleland,

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survived him several years, dying in March, 1872.  They had a family of nine children, six sons and three daughters—Mary A., Anthony Wayne, Henry M., Marion, William C., Louis M., Maria H., Ora J., and Winfield Scott.  William C. and Winfield are deceased.  Henry Meeker, the subject of this sketch, is the only one of the family now residing in Mahoning county.  At the age of seventeen he learned his trade, which he has since followed.  He enlisted early in the war of the Rebellion in the Second Ohio volunteer cavalry, but because disabled and was discharged after a service of a year and a half.  Returning to Canfield he married, in 1867, Miss Jennie Slaugh.  To them was born one daughter, Minnie E.  Mrs. M. is a member of the Disciple church.

     JOHN K. MISNER, farmer, Canfield township, Mahoning county, was born in Berlin township, said county, in 1836.  His father, George Misner, is a native of Pennsylvania, where he was born in 1813.  He came to Mahoning county with his parents, Benjamin and Mary, about the year 1820, and settled in Berlin township.  He married before reaching his majority, Miss Hannah Swartz, and raised a family of ten children - four sons and six daughters, as follows:  Harriet, Zimri, John K., Lucy M., Frances, Isabella, George, Hannah, Jane, and James.  One daughter, Lucinda, is deceased, dying in infancy.  In 1837 the father removed with his family to Trumbull county, subsequently removed to Indiana, where he lived several years, then returned to Trumbull county, and at present resides in Southington township in that county.  John K. Misner was married Feb. 1, 1860, to Miss Lystra A. Beeman, and has family of two sons and two daughters - C. E., Etta A., Charlie J., and Celia.  Mr. Misner is one of the enterprising farmers of his township, owning one of the best improved farms, his farm containing one hundred and ninety acres, and situated two miles northwest of Canfield village. - pg. 54

     CONRAD NEFF, with his wife and family of six children, emigrated from Berks county, Pennsylvania, to the then far distant West in 1802, and settled in Canfield township, then Trumbull county.  Mr. Neff was among the earliest of that noble band of pioneers who invaded the wilderness of Canfield, and after untold hardships and privations made it to "blossom as the rose."  Mr. Neff began with but little besides his own strong hands, and a determination to conquer the obstacles that lay in the way to success.  He was a hard-working and an industrious man, and succeeded in acquiring a good property.  He died at an advanced age, his wife surviving him but a few years.  The estate afterward came into the possession of John and Conrad, his sons.

     JOHN NEFF was born in 1797, and came with his father's family to Ohio, and always afterward resided upon the Neff homestead.  At the age of twenty-four he married Elizabeth Kline, a representative of an early family in the township.  To them were born five children - four sons and a daughter, as follows:  Eli, Mary, Edward, Martin, and John.  John, our subject, was an active and prosperous farmer, and dealt largely in live stock, principally in the buying and selling of cattle, in which he was very successful.  He died in the spring of 1861, one week previous to the breaking out of the rebellion.  He left surviving him a family of three children, and his wife, who died sixteen years later.  They are buried in the cemetery at Canfield.

     MARTIN NEFF, son of John and Elizabeth Neff, was born on the old homestead Mar. 24, 1828.  His occupation through life has been that of farmer, having given considerable attention to stock-raising and the buying and selling of stock.  April 5, 1848, he was married to Miss Catharine Wilson, the result of which union was five children, namely: John E., Caroline, Elizabeth J., Mary A., and Lewis, all living but Elizabeth.   Mr. Neff is the owner of his father's old home, and is pleasantly situated on one of the best improved farms ni that locality.  He is one of the most substantial and respected citizens of this township.

     JOHN E. NEFF, the oldest child of Martin Neff, was born on the old home farm Feb. 24, 1849.  Mar. 31, 1870, he married Miss Harriet Louisa Sanzenbacher, and has a family of four sons and one daughter, as follows:  Saide, Ensign, Martin, Calvin, and Cyrus.  Mr. Neff owns a fine farm of one hundred and twenty-five acres near Canfield, and is one of the most enterprising and prosperous young farmers of the township, giving considerable attention to the buying and selling of stock.  He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church at Canfield. - pg. 54

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     AZOR RUGGLES, one of the early settlers of Canfield Township, was born and brought up in Brookfield, Litchfield county, Connecticut, the date of his birth being May 1769.  He was a millwright and in 1810 came to Ohio on horseback for the purpose of doing some work for Judge Canfield.  After remaining a year he returned to Connecticut and in 1813 brought out his family, consisting of his wife and six children.  The journey was made with two wagons and teams and consumed one month.  The oldest daughter drove one of hte wagons.  Mr. Ruggles first located on the farm where John Sanzenbacher now lives, remained one year and a half and settled permanently about two miles south of Canfield, where he died Dec. 1, 1843.  He was twice married.  His first wife was  Mary "Peck, who  he married in Connecticut, and by whom he had six children, viz: Alice, Harriet, Julia, Charles, Galetsy, and Hepsey.  Of these three are living, Charles, GAletsy (now Mrs. Horace Hunt), and Hepsey, who is unmarried and occupies the old homestead.  His first wife died in 1828 and in 1832 he married Miss C. M. A. Mitchell, by whom he had two children, Robert M. and Mary Helen, now Mrs. James Mackey, of Youngstown.  His second wife survived him and she afterwards became the wife of Dr. Manning of Youngstown.  Miss Hepsey Ruggles, who is now seventy-one years of age, has in her possession a couple of pillow cases made by her mother before her marriage, in 1790, and a picture frame made of the rim of the wheel on which the material used in the making of the pillow-cases was spun; also a rocking-chair in which her mother rode all the way from Connecticut when the family moved to Ohio. - pg. 55

     JACOB RESCH, tanner, Canfield, Mahoning county, only son of John and Catharine Resch, is a native Germany, born Dec. 26, 1835.  In 1852, at the age of seventeen, he started out to seek his fortune and sailed for America.  He learned the tanner's trade, and soon after his arrival in this country commenced business at Newton Falls, where he remained for a short time, when he removed to Berlin Center where he carried on the business for ten years.  He settled in Canfield in 1870 and has since been engaged in the manufacture of leather.  He married in 1857, Miss Mary Goeppinger, and has a family of nine children, named as follows:  John, Charles, Frank, Albert, Fred, Mary, Laura, Louisa, and Lilly.  Mr. Resch has a leather and finding store in Youngstown.  He is a member of the Lutheran church, as is also his wife. - pg. 55

     JACOB F. STAMBAUGH, coal dealer, Canfield, Mahoning county, second son of William and Sarah Stambaugh, was born in Liberty township, Trumbull county, Ohio, Feb. 3, 1845.  He assisted his father upon the farm until fifteen years of age, and at the age of eighteen he enlisted in company B, One Hundred and Fifty-fifth regiment, one hundred day service, in the late war.  After the expiration of his service he returned to Youngstown, Ohio, and until thirty years of age was engaged in various pursuits.  IN 1875 he was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Milliken, and has had two children, Frederick and Roy.  In 1880 Mr. Stambaugh went to Canfield, and the same year engaged with others in mining in Green township, Mahoning county.  The parents of Mr. Stambaugh were early settlers in Trumbull county. - pg. 55

     MATHIAS SWANK (deceased) was born in Lehigh county, Pennsylvania, in the year 1812.  Soon after attaining his majority he married Margaret Strone, by whom he had three children, one son and two daughters: Hannah, Mary Etta, and Emery.  His wife died Jan. 8, 1867, and he afterwards married Miss J. E. Wetmore.  There were no children by this marriage.  Mr. Swank's business was principally that of carriage manufacturing, which he carried on successfully for a period of nearly forty years, settling in Canfield in 1835.  He died July 1, 1881, leaving a devoted wife and many friends to mourn his loss.  He was an active, enterprising business man, a good neighbor and citizen.  His remains were interred in the cemetery in Canfield.  Mr. Swank still lives at the old home in Canfield. ~ pg. 55

     THOMAS C. SCOTT, blacksmith, Canfield, Mahoning county, second son of Hiram B. and Elizabeth Scott, was born in Stark county, Ohio, Sept. 24, 1845.  At the age of twenty-three he went as an apprentice to learn the trade which he now follows, with David Clugston, and subsequently entered into partnership with him, and the firm is now known as Clugston & Scott.  He married, in 1872, Miss Mary C. Parshall, and has three children - Charles William, Ernest David, and Sophia Elizabeth.  Mr. Scott was in the hundred-day service in the war of the Rebellion. He and his wife are members of the Disciple church of Canfield.  ~ pg. 55

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     JULIUS TANNER, farmer, Canfield township, Mahoning county, eldest son of Edmund P. and Fannie Tanner, is a native of the township in which he resides, having been born Oct. 6, 1818, on the farm which he now occupies - the Tanner homestead.  He has been twice married.  His first wife was Mary Wadsworth, daughter of one of the earliest pioneers of the township.  By this marriage there were four children, three sons and one daughter, named as follows:  Edward W., Henry W., Henry A., and Mary I.  All are living except, Henry W.  The mother died in 1855, and Mr. Tanner subsequently married Mrs. Fidelia Sackett, widow of Ward Sackett.  By his second wife he has three children - Fannie C., Edwin P., and Horace B.  Fannie is deceased.  Mr. Tanner is one of the substantial and esteemed citizens of his township.  He and his wife are members of the Congregational church of Canfield. - pg. 56

     IRA M. TWISS, superintendent county infirmary, Canfield township, Mahoning county, was born in that county, Poland township, Oct. 7, 1837.  His father, John Twiss, with his wife and one child, emigrated about the year 1820 from Connecticut to Ohio and settled in what is now Mahoning county, Boardman township.  There he reared a family of five sons and three daughters, viz:  Frederick, Mary, Seymour, Minerva, Samuel, Sarah, Ira, and Titus.  Three of the children are deceased, to wit:  Frederick, Minerva, and Sarah.  Only two of the children are now living in Mahoning county, viz.:  Titus, of Boardman, and Ira, of Canfield.  Mr. Twiss, the subject of this sketch, had followed agriculture pursuits until his appointment as superintendent of the county infirmary in the spring of 1878.  This institution is pleasantly situated about two miles northwest of Canfield, the farm containing two hundred and thirty acres of land, with good buildings.   Soon after attaining his majority our subject was married to Almira Osborn.  The result of this union is one son - Curtis W. - pg. 56

     JOHN WILLIAMS (deceased), a native of Pennsylvania, emigrated with his family from Bedford county in wagons to Ohio about the year 1820.  He came to Mahoning county and settled in Canfield on what is commonly known as the Atwood place.  Here he lived and reared a family of two sons and three daughters named as follow: James, Betsey (Scott) Banner, Nancy (Dean), and Rachael (Porter).  Mr. Williams was an industrious and hard-working man, and was in the War of 1812.  He died at his home in Canfield at the age of sixty-five.  His wife survived him four years. - pg. 56

     BANNER WILLIAMS, farmer, Canfield township, Mahoning county, second son of John Williams, was born in Pennsylvania in 1813 and removed to Ohio with his parents.  He was united in marriage in 1841 to Miss Clarissa Lew, who died two years afterward.  He married for his second wife Miss Margaret McDonald, by whom he has had four daughters and one son, viz: Clarissa, James, Mariette and Mary Ellen (twins), and Flora.  Mariette is deceased.  She was the wife of James Van Horn and left three children. Mr. Williams has always been engaged in farming and stock raising, and has given special attention to the growing of wool.  Mrs. Williams is a member of the Disciple church. - pg. 56

     AZARIAH WETMORE (deceased), one of the earliest pioneers in Canfield township, Mahoning county, came from Connecticut in 1801.  He was then single, and came out with the Wadsworths, driving an ox team, the second team of oxen brought into that locality.  He made his home with the Wadsworth and helped to clear the same fall some four acres where the village of Canfield now stands.  In a few months he returned to Connecticut, but came back the next year.  He afterwards purchased one hundred and twenty-five acres of land south of the present village of Canfield, where his son George now lives.  He married in 1806 Miss Belinda Sprague and had a family of three sons and five daughters, as follows:  Caroline, Harriet, Cornelia, Sarah, Betsy, William, Henry and George. - pg. 56

     WILLIAM WETMORE, farmer, Canfield Township, Mahoning county, eldest  son of the subject of the preceding sketch, was born in 1816.  At the age of twenty-two he married Miss Susan Edwards, daughter of an early and prominent family, and has had three children - Walden, Luther E., and Henry P.  Walden is deceased.  Mr. Wetmore is an industrious, intelligent, and influential citizen.

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     THOMAS J. WISE, a coal operator, Canfield, Mahoning county, second son of John and Mary Wise, was born in Mahoning county, Feb. 8, 1849.  He remained on the farm of his father until sixteen years of age, when he became a clerk in a store.  In the fall of 1880 he engaged in operating in coal, the mine being situated in Green township, Mahoning county.  The mine is one of the most promising in that locality, and preparations are being made to work it extensively.  Mr. Wise was married in 1872 to Miss Jennie R. Thorn, of Allegany City, Pennsylvania.  They have only one son, James T. - pg. 57

     ELI YAGER, farmer, Canfield township, Mahoning county, was born on the farm where he now lives, in 1832.  The Yager family were among the earliest in that neighborhood. Henry Yager came with his family from Pennsylvania to Canfield township, now Mahoning county, in 1800 or 1801, and resided there until his death.  His wife survived him about ten years.  After their death the homestead was bought by Daniel, the third son.  He was born on the farm now owned and occupied by his son Eli, whose name heads this sketch, in 1811.  He married Elizabeth Carr, by whom he had three children—Eli, Edwin, and Mary.  Edwin is deceased.  The mother died in 1871.  Eli Yager has always lived on the farm which he now occupies, a period of nearly half a century.  He was married in 1865 to Miss Rebecca Corll, and now has two children—Eda P. and Irvin C.  Mr. Yager is an industrious and prosperous farmer, his farm being one of the most highly cultivated and improved in the neighborhood.  He and his wife are both members of the Reformed
church.

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