DATE OF FIRST SETTLEMENT ON THE RESERVE.

FIRST WHEAT CUT ON THE RESERVE.

     The first wheat reaped by white men within the limits of the Reserve was cut near Conneaut in 17967.  That was the year when the first settlement was made in Cleveland, and the date shows that the pioneers lost no time in getting land under cultivation and crops in the ground.

FIRST POSTAL SERVICE.

EARLY CONDITIONS OF LIFE.

A PRIMITIVE MILL.

OLD-TIME THRESHING.

BOUNTY ON WOLF SCALPS.

OLDEN SCHOOL DAYS.

[ PICTURE OF:  VIEW OF ENTRANCE TO CALVARY CEMETERY, YOUNGSTOWN;
SCENE IN MILL CREEK PARK, YOUNGSTOWN; AND
VIEW OF ENTRANCE TO OAK HILL CEMETERY, YOUNGSTOWN]

EARLY YOUNGSTOWN CITIZENS.

     Some further reminiscences of those times are found in a letter from Roswell M. Grant, uncle of the late President Grant, who, in writing from Mayslick, Ky., Sept. 7, 1874, in answer to an invitation to attend the reunion of old citizens and pioneers held at Youngstown that year, said in part:
     "My father sold his tan yard to John E. Woodbridge, and moved to Maysville, Ky., leaving Margaret and myself with Colonel Hillman, about the year 1820.  Colonel Hillman about the same time sold his farm and moved over to town to keep a hotel.  At that time the citizens were as follows:  1st, above Colonel Rayen was J. E. Woodbridge; 2d, John F. Townsend, hatter; 3d, Colonel William Rayen, farmer; 4th, William Sherman hatter; 5th, opposite, George Tod; 6th, Mr. Abriam, chair maker; 7th, Samuel Stuart, tavern (Colonel Hillman bought Stuart out); 8th opposite, Dr. Dutton; 9th, Esq. Baldwin, farmer; 10th, Kilpatrick, blacksmith; 11th, Henry Wick, merchant; 12th Hugh Bryson, merchant; 13th, Lawyer Hine; 14th, Mr. Bissell; 15th, Mr. Bruce, shoemaker; 16th, Rev. Mr. Duncan.  The above are all the citizens there were in Youngstown from 1805 up to 1810.
    "I well remember the Indians coming down the river in canoes, and camping in Colonel Hillman's sugar camp, at the lower end of the farm, and upon the river bank.  They would stay some days.  Also, the old chief would come to see Colone Hillman to settle some dispute between them.  They would bring some thirty or forty warriors with them.  They would stop at the plum orchard at the upper end of the plum orchard at the upper end of the farm.  These visits were often.  I had forgotten to mention the names of Mr. Hogue, a tailor, and Moses Crawford, who lived below Judge Tod's, on the bank of the river.  Crawford tended Colonel Hillman's mill.  Bears, wolves, deer, and wild turkey were plenty.  I went to school in the old log school-house eight years; to Master Noyes five years of the time.  David Tod, Frank Thorne, and myself were leaders in all mischief; so said Master Noyes.

DRAFT OF 1812

     "In the War of 1812, the whole country was drafted, and rendezvoused in Youngstown.  After they left, Captain Applegate, Lieutenant Busnell, and Ensign Reeves enlisted one hundred men for one year.  During the enlistment Captain Dillon's son, with an elder fife, and myself with a drum, furnished the music.  Colonel William Rayen commanded the regiment.  Judge Tod had a Colonel's commission in the regular army.  Colonel Hillman volunteered, and after arriving at Sandusky, General Harrison appointed him Wagon-Master General of the United States Army.  John E. Woolbridge was paymaster.  Mr. Hogue, Moses Crawford, Dr. Dutton, Henry Wick, Hugh Bryson, and Mr. Bruce, were all the men left in Youngstown during the war.  I had forgotten Mr. Thorne, a cabinet maker, who lived near the old school house.
     "Jesse R. Grant left Judge Tod's in 1810.  Went to Maysville, Ky., and finished his trade with my brother Peter.  Went to Deerfield, O., about the year 1815.  Took charge of my father's old tan yard.  Sold out and went to Ravenna.  Carried on the business until 1821.  He then went to Point Pleasant, forty miles below Maysville.  Sunk a tan  yard there.  Same year he married Miss Hannah Simpson, where U. S. Grant was born April 27, 1822."
     With the permission of Captain Hartzell, we also publish the following articles, which, under the title, "Some Reminiscences of Ye Olden Time,"  appeared in the issue of The Sebring News, Jan. 29th of the present year (1907):
     "Some time ago, as I was rambling through one of our big potteries, I noticed a vessel containing soft soap.  The same looked mighty famliar and I made inquiry, only to find that soft soap was imported from England and finds its uses in all potteries.

HOMEMADE SOAP.

THE OLD ASH-HOPPER.

SOAP SPOOKERY.

THE OLD ASHERY.

THE STAGE DRIVER.

THE FIRST SETTLEMENT.

MATCHES UNKNOWN

IF FIRES ALL WENT OUT??

WILD PIGEONS: WHERE ARE THEY?

PIONEER MILLING ENTERPRISE.

SLAVERY.

     "For nearly half a century after the first permanent settlements were made in Ohio, this Commonwealth, always opposed politically to slavery, was curiously tolerant of the presence

Page 108 -
of slaves from the States where slavery existed, if they were brought into Ohio by their masters for temporary purposes.
     It was not merely that Southern slave holders were free to visit Ohio, bringing their slave servants with them, but that slave owners used to rent the services of their bondmen to farmers living on the free soil side of the Ohio, when there was unusual need of help, as at harvest.  It is estimated that fully 2,000 slaves from Kentucky and the Virginia of those days were sometimes employed in Ohio at the same time.
     Shortly before 1840 this condition finally and completely passed away.  It became practically certain that slaves brought into Ohio would be set free or aided to escape, and many citizens of this State took an active part in helping them flee to Canada.  A new impatience of all contact with slavery came to be a marked phase of public opinion in Ohio.  Long before the Civil War this State had become one of the most active in movements for the curbing and undermining of slavery as an institution.

COUNTY SEAT LOCATED.

EARLY ELECTIONS.

COUNTY SEAT ISSUE.

USELESS LEGISLATION

THE RENEWAL OF THE STRIFE.

SOME INTERESTING LETTERS.

THE SALARY LAW.

ANOTHER PROPOSITION.

HE URGES ECONOMY

DISCUSSES LEGISLATION.

ANOTHER COUNTY.

[ PICTURES OF: NEW MAHONING COUNTY COURTHOUSE, YOUNGSTOWN (now in course of construction; OLD MAHONING COUNTY COURTHOUSE AT CANFIELD (With addition) New the North Eastern Ohio Normal College); and MAHONING COUNTY COURTHOUSE. YOUNGSTOWN.)

AFTER WARREN PEOPLE.

COUNTY SEAT CHANGED.

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