PRIOR to the organization of Noble County, the territory of Marion Township was included in Union and Seneca Townships, Monroe County.  The former was organized in 1822, and included township 7 of range 8.  The latter was first erected in 1815, but did not extend west to the county line, as it was afterward made to do.  In 1836 a description of its boundaries shows that Seneca Township embraced township 7 of range 7.  The twelve eastern sections of Marion therefore came from Seneca Township, and the twelve western ones from Union Township.
     Among the names of owners of real estate appearing on the tax duplicate of Monroe County in 1833 were the following whose lands lay within the present limits of Marion:
     George Brown, Section 24, 162 acres, $184;
     Samuel Craig, Section 13, township 7, range 7, 81 acres;
     Joshua Craig, Jr., Section 1, same township and range, 82 acres, value appears on the Enoch Township tax $103;
     Michael Danford, Section 1, 80 acres;
     James Lemmax, section 11, 78 acres, $98;
                                 same section 12, 78 acres, $98;
     William Osborn, Section 12, 80 acres, $90.
     These names duplicate, the reason probably being that the owners of the lands described resided within that township, which as then constituted was the sixth township of the eighth range.  On the Union Township tax duplicate for the same year were the names of the following owners of real estate in the twelve sections of the seventh township of the eighth range, now included in Marion:

     In that portion of the township taken from Seneca Township (sections 25 to 36 inclusive of township 7, range 7), were the following owners of real estate in 1833:

The foregoing tax-list - the earliest on file in Monroe County - would indicate that the country about Summerfield was already well settled in 1833.
     Marion Township was erected by the county commissioners, May 1, 1851, "so as to include and be composed of the following territory, to wit:
     "Commencing on the seventh range line of the southwest corner of section 31, in township number 7 of range 7; thence east along said township line to the southeast corner of section 25 in said township number 7 and range 7; thence north along the section line to the northeast corner of section 30 in said township, number 7 and range 7; thence west along said township line to the northwest corner of section 36 in said township, number 7 and range 7; thence south along the sev-

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enth range line to the northeast corner of section 1 in township number 7 of range 8; thence west along the said township line to the northwest corner of section 3 in said township number 7 and range 8; thence south along the section line to the southwest corner of section 22 in said township number 7 and range S.; thence east along section lines to the seventh range line; thence north to the place of beginning: containing twenty-four sections.

     David West, a native of the State of Delaware, now eighty-two years of age, resides in Fairview, Guernsey County.  Mr. West states that he came to the place where Summerfield now is on the 15th of May, 1812.  It was all a wilderness, not a stick of timber had been cut.  He remained but a short time, then returned to Barnesville, where he remained four or five years.  He then returned to what is now Summerfield, where he worked at his trade (shoemaking) and clearing up land.  After his family had grown up, he removed to Guernsey County.
     Other settlers, who came originally from Delaware, were Nathaniel Capell, Ananias Banum, Archelaus Lingo, William Lingo, James Shankland, Asa Barton, Thomas Cochran, and William Burcher.  These were mainly men of limited education, but well able to defend themselves in an argument.  Nathaniel Capell was especially gifted in this direction, as were also two of his sons, William and James.  The latter was a man of much more than ordinary ability, and public discussions or in the pulpit was able to hold his own with any opponent.  Among the oldest residents now living in Summerfield and vicinity are Mary Capell, now the widow of Richard Horton; Elizabeth Lingo, widow of James Osborne; Mary Shankland, widow of Liston Prettyman now living with her mother, the widow of James Shankland and John Shankland, on the old homestead.
     Joshua Wolf was an early settler on the Taylor farm, near Lexington.  He kept tavern.  His place was a great resort in early times.  Many shooting-matches were held there.  Wolf also followed blacksmithing.  His father, John Wolf, a veritable backwoodsman, was an early settler at Lexington and had a blacksmith shop here.
     The Irish settlement began in 1817.  In that year came Moses Horton, who bought the land on which the town of Summerfield now is, and a few years later laid off some lots where the road from Zanesville to Sunfish on the Ohio River and the Barnesville and Marietta road crossed each other.  He prophesied that it would become a large town.  "Yes," said William Earhart, deeming his ideas rather visionary, "when the Ohio River comes to it."  Though Mr. Horton's hopes have not been fully realized, the town is now second in the county, and has a railroad instead of a river connecting it with larger places.
     About the same time with Horton came Joshua Craig, George Acred, Hugh O'Neill, Thomas Franklin, Patrick Peppard, William Osborne,

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Samuel Osborn and James Osborn with their mother and their sisters, Mary, Kitty and Betsey; William McClintock, James Lemmax, Eliza Large and five sons and one daughter came in February of 1829.  Hugh Waybrant, John Waybrant and Thomas Tackaberry.  Later came William Craig, Wyndham Sparling, John Cleary, Edward Cleary, Thomas Burns, Anthony Kilroy, Crumlin Ferris and Joseph Mitter.
     A few of the early settlers became discouraged and left, but the most of them stuck bravely to their work and made good homes for themselves and their families.  George Acred, Patrick Peppard, Thomas Tackaberry, Thomas Burns and John Waybrant, of the Irish settlers, became disgusted and returned to Pittsburgh.
     It is difficult to understand how men and women, accustomed as many of them ad been to the ways of luxury and civilization, could patiently endure the hardships of pioneer life and withal enjoy themselves therein.  But that they did there is abundant evidence.  They were industrious and diligent workers, and wielded the axe or the grubbing hoe with sturdy hands, inspired and encouraged by the hope that in this way only could they win for themselves a farm and a home.
     The Irish were looked upon with a good deal of suspicion by their neighbors, who came from Maryland, Virginia, and other Eastern States.  This caused them to cling closely together and to render all possible assistance to one another.  Their characteristic energy, economy and thrift were displayed in such a manner as to convince the native Americans that they had come to stay, and were able to hold their own in the struggle for existence.  They were all Protestants and friends to religion and education.  They early established and maintained subscription schools, and as far as they were able gave their children the advantages of education.  The work of improvement went forward rapidly and almost without exception the Irish settlers thrived and prospered.  Their influence is still felt, and their descendants are a most worthy class of citizens.

     Moses Horton early started a small store for the sale of ammunition and tea.  Powder and lead (which was molded into bullets), were indispensable articles.  Squirrels were so abundant that boys and men were obliged to turn out and shoot them to prevent the total destruction of their cornfields.  Louis Wetzel, the noted pioneer hunter, is said to have patronized Horton's store on one occasion.  Tea was about the only luxury in which the Irish indulged.
     Among the early comers were a few Scotchman - William Calland, Robert Calland and Matthew Woods.  They were rugged, sturdy men, and prospered well.  Robert, James and Elizabeth Calland, wife of James Brown of Summerfield, and Kitty C. Swain, children of these Scotch pioneers, are still living.
     The pioneers, after a few years began raising wheat, which they marketed in Zanesville, forty-five to fifty miles distant.  Many a load

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was sold there at forty cents per bushel, but better prices soon prevailed, and the farmers engaged more extensively in raising it.  At one time in the town of Summerfield, it took a bushel of wheat to purchase a pound of coffee.

S. B. PHILPOT

     The Irish settlers of Marion Township were excellent citizens.  They were men of intelligence, thrift and enterprise.  One of their number, Hugh O'Neill, was a school teacher, and organized a subscription school soon after the settlement began.  He taught successfully for many years, winning the esteem and love of his pupils.  He was one of the best of the early teachers.  The school-house was on the land now owned by Fawcett Craig.
     Another early school-house stood on Moses Horton's land.  Dr. John Banford was the first teacher in Summerfield.  Stephen F. Miner, son of Rev. John Miner, then pastor of the Methodist church in Summerfield, was one of his pupils.  He has since been a presiding elder, and is now located at Chardon, Ohio.
     Among the early settlers was one Frenchman, a man named TeRhodes a stout, strong man, rather eccentric in his ways.  It is said that he built a tobacco house about thirty feet square and dove-tailed others on to it until it had a large capacity.  After a few years he removed with his family.

     Eliza Large, a widow with a family of five sons and one daughter - Robert, Thomas (step-son), Samuel, Henry, Richard and Ann (Craig), came from Canada in 1828.  The family were originally from Queens County, Ireland.  Mrs. Large bought 160 acres of land, which is now owned by her son Henry and John Lemmax.  Henry is the only one of the family living in the county.  She was a lady of ordinary ability and a kind Christian woman.  She died in 1864.
     Richard Large, a cabinet maker, and Samuel Johns, a blacksmith, were among the early residents of Freedom.
     Some of the old settlers of the township who are still living, are Samuel Osborne, aged eighty-six, and his wife, nee Martha Horton, eighty-three; Wyndham Sparling, eighty-two; The Horton, seventy; Henry Large, seventy-one; John Cleary, seventy-eight; Henry Craig, seventy-eight.  Jonathan Hamilton came to this county from Belmont very early and died soon after.  His widow is still living, aged eighty-nine, active and in good health.
     Of Lexington, little now remains except the memory.  Yet it was a trading-point of some importance long before Summerfield came in to being, and was probably the oldest projected village in the county.  In early years, a man named Finch had a store there; John Wolf, a black-smith shop, and John Miller a tavern.
     In 1833 the owners of "town lots" in Lexington were Martin Crow, William Caldwell, John Miller, David Rose, William G. Shankland, David Sutton, William Sutton and William Sutherland.

     James W. Shankland, who had

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previously been in the mercantile business for a short time in Summerfield, started the first store of importance in Lexington.  John Rownd was in business with him for awhile, first as clerk and then as partner.  Shankland kept store at Lexington many years and dealt extensively in tobacco.  After quitting the mercantile business (about 1850), he converted all the town lots into a farm, and "Lexington" ceased to be.
     An old resident states that Lexington was projected as early as 1818 by Thomas Emery and Jacob Young.  They were unable to pay for the land, and some years later James W. and William G. Shankland bought a half section, including the site of the town, and kept store there, moving their goods from Summerfield.
     Jesse Moseley, a brother of Charles Moseley, was an early settler.  He was a native of Tennessee, and for a time lived in the family of the father of Andrew Johnson.  He was born in 1866 and died in 1885.  He was a mechanic, and was favorably known to many of the old settlers of the region.
     
     William Kent on the Steven's farm, near the Monroe County line, had an early grist-mill run by water.  Many of the early settlers had hand-mills.  Kent was one of the earliest settlers in the county, and was contemporary with the Enochs and Archers, on the East Fork of Duck Creek.  His house was a favorite stopping place for travelers in early years, it being the only improvement for many miles.
     It was also a rendezvous for hog dealers for miles around; here they received their droves, and weighed them, if they were not successful in "lumping them off," as it was called.  The manner of weighing hogs in those days was to put them singly into a sling and get their weight with steel-yards.
    
     Sylvanus Baldwin was an early Yankee settler about a mile from Summerfield.  The Baldwins did much weaving for the neighbors.  Sylvanus was a shrewd, keen little fellow who was an adept in butchering, and prided himself upon his skill in that line.  A little father on, a small improvement was made by a  man named Plumer, who sold out to the Osborns, who still occupy the farm.
    
     James Lemmax came from Pittsburgh in 1818, and bought 160 acres from William and David Sutton.  In 1820 he located upon his land and remained four years, then rented it and returned to Pittsburgh, where he remained until September, 1830.  He then came back to his farm and there remained until his death.  He worked hard and so managed as to secure a piece of land for each of his children.  He was a man of more than ordinary ability and energy, accomplishing what he undertook; a man of rather peculiar mechanical genius, a worker in either wood or iron; would imitate in either stone, leather, wood or iron anything he saw or took a notion to do.
    
     Hosea King came about 1816.  He had seven sons, all of whom are dead.  Some prospered well and the others

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made a living.  Robert Crawford, who came about 1818, was called "the squatter."  It was his custom to begin an improvement, erect a cabin and then all out his right to some new-comer.  Land was then $2 per acre.  A settler could enter 160 acres to be paid for in three payments.  In he found himself unable to pay for the whole, he could take eighty acres instead.
     Digging and marketing ginseng or "sang," as it was called, was one of the chief industries among the early settlers.  This article and wolf-scalps were their main sources of revenue.  Catching wild turkeys in pens afforded an easy method of supplying the family with game.  One side of the log pen had an opening sufficiently high to allow the turkeys to pass under, following up a trail of corn scattered both outside and inside the pen.  The birds, when inside, looked upward for means of escape, and seldom crawled out as they came in.  It is said that Mrs. Capell once undertook to get some turkeys out of a pen, taking two in each hand.  When she had secured them, they undertook to fly, but she pluckily hung to them until they became entangled in the bushes, and her husband came to her assistance.

     On one occasion a hunter named McBride, who lived five or six miles away, was chasing a deer past the house of James Lemmax.  Mrs. Lemmax saw it, and sent a bulldog in pursuit.  The dog caught it as it was attempting to leap a fence, and with the assistance of Mrs. Lemmax, keep the deer down until her son came with a butcher knife and dispatched it.  Mrs. Lemmax was considerably bruised and her dress torn by the struggling animal.  When the hunters came up she tendered them the deer, but they refused to accept it, saying she deserved the prize for her pluck.

     Henry Craig, still living, says he helped to raise the first cabin in Summerfield.

     Of Hugh Waybrant, an early justice of the peace, the following anecdote is related:  Soon after being commissioned, he was called upon to perform a marriage ceremony.  Being somewhat nervous and not fully posted as to the necessary form, but still with an idea that some form of swearing was necessary, he got through with the marriage something after this style: "Do you take this woman for your wife?"  "I do."  "Do take this man for your husband?"  "I do."  "Then ___ if you aint married!"

     The Danfords of Noble County are very numerous, and also very worthy citizens.  They are descended from three brothers - Samuel, William and Ambrose Danford, who came from New Jersey to Belmont County, and thence to what is now Marion Township very early.  William was a soldier of 1812, and died in the service.  Samuel was a prominent and influential man among the early settlers.  He was a successful farmer and acquired a comfortable property.  He was the father of fifteen children - Morris, Michael, Peter, William, Samuel, Benjamin, Rachel, Rebecca, Sarah, Elizabeth, Lucretia, Nancy,

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 Mary, Hannah and Ruth. Samuel Danford, Jr., was born near Summerfield, in 1818, and is now one of the prominent farmers of Sharon Township.  He married, first, Jane Adair, by whom he had three children - Catharine, James W. and John S.  Rev.  James W. Danford, of the Methodist Episcopal Conference, is now stationed at Dexter City.  He was born in Belmont County, whither his father had removed soon after his marriage.  He learned the carpenter's trade in early life, but became a minister of the Methodist Episcopal church.  He married Mary Mitten, and is the father of four children.

     Samuel Danford, his wife and four children came to the farm now owned by Peter R. Danford, in 1806.  In 1812 they left and returned to Belmont County, not wishing to be so far from civilization during the war.  The family returned to the old place about 1817.  The father died in 1845, and the mother in 1871.  She was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and the Danford residence was the preaching place for the neighborhood.  Lucretia Danford, was born in Belmont County in 1817.  She lived on the home farm until about fifteen years ago, when she bought the place on which she now lives.  She has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal church since she was twenty years of age.  Thaddeus Shepherd's wife is a niece of Lucretia Danford, and has lived with her from infancy.

     Peter R. Danford, son of one of the early settlers, was born in Marion Township in 1840.  He remained at home with 1862, when he married Jane D. Cleary.  By this union he has five children, all living  - Lorenzo C., Alice M., John E., Hiram R. and Dempsey R.  The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal church.  Mr. Danford is a prominent and successful farmer.
     Peter H. Danford was born in 1847.  In 1872 he married Rosana Cleary; children: Luella M., Ann E., Irene and Edgar R.  He is a farmer and a member of the Methodist Episcopal church.

     Charity Martin (nee Danford) was born in Belmont County in 1823, and in 1825 came to Marion Township with her parents.  In 1842 she married John H. Martin.  Six children were born to them - Silas, Rheul, Morris D., Peter, John A., and Simeon F.  Four are still living, three on the homestead.  John H. Martin died in 1855.  The family  are members of the Christian church.

     Michael Danford was born in Belmont County, Oct. 9, 1802.  He was the son of Samuel and Nancy Danford.  His father came to Belmont County in 1798, and there married Nancy Metheney, Aug. 20, 1800, and came to what is now Noble County in 1807.  In 1813 he was compelled to return to Belmont County on account of Indian troubles, returning to Noble County in the year 1817.  Michael never married.  He came in his childhood to what is now Noble County and lived and died there.  He commenced first in teaching school, investing his very small wages in

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government lands, which he would lease for improvements.  These lands became valuable in after life.  Owning a large amount of lands, he was more or less interested in farming, but his principal business was loaning money, discounting paper, etc.  His entire life from early childhood was strictly moral.  He had no well defined Christian faith.  At one time in early life he joined the Methodist Episcopal church, but did not feel at home and soon withdrew, and never joined any other church or society of any kind.  He was a man of strong and logical mind, and had many eccentricities.  He died in his sixty-seventh year, possessed of a considerable amount of wealth, of which he made no disposition.  His last sickness was short and his death unexpected.  He never held any very important offices - never seemed to have any desire or anxiety for what he termed trifles.
     Samuel Danford, son of Peter Danford, a resident of New Jersey, was born Dec. 29, 1774, and on the 20th day of August, 1800, was united in marriage to Nancy Matheney, in Belmont County, Ohio.  Their union was blessed by the birth of seven sons and nine daughters, all of whom, with one exception, lived to the estate of manhood and womanhood.  About the year 1813 Mr. Danford removed to what is now Marion Township, this county, the country then having only here and there a cabin.  After a short sojourn here he was compelled, on account of the Indians, to move back to Belmont County, where he staid until the Indian trouble was passed; then returned to this county, where he was an extensive farmer and landowner, and where he died in 184

     Morris Danford, the oldest son of Samuel and Nancy Danford, was born in Belmont County, Aug. 18, 1801, and, being the oldest of the family, had to brave the hardships and privations incident to frontier life.   When but twelve years old he traveled from Captina Creek in Belmont County, to their homes on Glady Creek, this county, alone and through the unbroken forest, the distance being twenty-five or thirty miles.  When fourteen or fifteen years old he and a younger brother staid alone all winter in the cabin on Glady, to take care of the stock, while the family were in Belmont County.  Under these sturdy influences he grew up to manhood, and married, on the 2d day of January, 1823, Amney S. Alford, of Monroe County, who bore him three sons and two daughters, two of whom are now living - Simeon, in Jackson Township, and Charity (Martin), in Marion.  Mrs. Danford died on the 8th of January, 1835.  He was afterward united in marriage to Eliza Hinton, on the 26gh day of January, 1837, which union was blessed by three dons and three daughters.  Three of these children  are living - Sarah, Samuel T. and Peter H.  Seven of his children lived to the age of maturity, four sons and three daughters, six of the number being school-teachers, notably the eldest son, Silas, who made teaching a business for eight years.  Three of the sons

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have been class-leaders in the Methodist Episcopal church.

    
Morris Danford

     Morris Danford was a plain man in manner and quiet in disposition.  His counsels were much sought after, and his precept and example always tended to do good and keep peace.  He was much interested in public education, and for many years the burden of the school business of the township fell on him.  For many years he performed the duties of justice of the peace, for twenty years was trustee of the township in which he lived (Marion), and was chosen infirmary director, and helped to institute the present County Infirmary.
     In politics he was a Whig, until the formation of the Republican party, after which he was a stanch Republican and abolitionist.  In religion he was of the Disciples' or Christian faith.  A kind husband and father, he always tried to inculcate the minds of his family that a good character was more to be desired and sought after than any other earthly attainment.  His name was a synonym for honesty and purity; his word was regarded equal to his bond, and he acquired a reputation for correctness and painstaking in the details of business which is equaled by few and excelled by none.  He was cautious to a fault, and has been heard to say that he never paid one cent of law costs or one cent of interest in his life.  He died on the 22d day of March, 1872, at the age of seventy-one, after a very energetic and useful life.

     Captain John Brown, whose biography appears in Chapter XV, was born in Dumferline, Scotland, in 1818.  At the age of sixteen he enlisted in a regiment of Scotch Highlanders, and then received the military education which he utilized to such good advantage in after time.  In 1836 he came to this country and settled in Poughkeepsie, N. Y., where he followed his trade, that of a linen weaver.  He married in Philadelphia, Pa., a Miss Farlow.  She died in Steubenville, Ohio.  In St. Clairsville he made the acquaintance of Miss Matilda McConnell, a native of that village, whom he married for his second wife.  About 1852 he came to Noble County and purchased a farm near Summerfield.  In 1862 he joined the Ninety-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and up its organization was commissioned first lieutenant.  June following he was promoted to a captaincy.  At the battle of Chickamauga he was severely wounded in the foot and died in Nashville, Tenn., Oct. 5, 1863.  Had he lived he would have distinguished himself.  He was brave to rashness, and one of the most thoroughly drilled officers in the service.

     The Kings, from Pennsylvania, were among the first settlers, John King lived and died in this township and reared a family of ten children.

     William Kent and family came from Greene County, Pa., settling in 1815 on the farm now owned by Samuel Stevens.  The place was partially cleared earlier.  They were the parents of nine children, four of

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whom were born here.  Three are still living - Sarah (Reed), John, who lives in Monroe County, and Mary A.  William Kent was a prominent man, and held the office of justice of the peace.  He died in 1856; his wife, Ann, in 1846.

     Moses Horton, with his wife and nine children, came from the city of Dublin to what is now Marion Township in 1817.  They afterward had two children.  Of their sons, Thomas and William are living.  The latter is a physician in Southern Indiana, near Cincinnati.  The daughters were Ann (O'Neill), deceased; Martha (Osborn), Susannah (Crow), Jane (Graham), and Rebecca (McWilliams).  The two oldest sons, Joshua and John, after coming here, returned to the east on foot.  On their arrival in New York City they wrote to their parents, stating that they were well and had enjoyed the trip, but that they did not expect to remain in the city long.  No other word was ever received from them, and to this day the family are ignorant of their fate.  Mrs. Horton died in February, 1863, and Moses Horton in March, 1863.  They were among the most prominent of the pioneer settlers.  Thomas Horton, the only son now living in Noble County, was born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1816, came to America with the family, and resided on the home place for a series of years in the first brick house erected in the county, now replaced by a frame.  In 1843 he married Miss Marinda Todd, formerly from New York, and is the father of eight children, seven living: Thomas A. (deceased), John(a member of Company D, Forty-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, in the late war), Dorothy A. (Roberts), Weathea M. (Nowell), Cenioretta (Haines), O'Neill and William J.  The family are members of the Free Methodist church.

     Robert C. Horton, son of Richard Horton, was born in Marion Township in 1843.  He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and a farmer.  In 1870 he married Mary Barnes, of Summerfield; children: Alberta, Eugene, Robert E., Hubert B. and William C.

     Hugh O'Neill and family were among the early settlers, locating on the farm now owned by Samuel Crawford.  John O'Neill, born in Ireland, came to this township with his parents, married Ann Horton in 1824, and died in 1864.  He was the father of nine children, two of whom still live in the township.  He was an upright, honorable man, whose word in business transactions was all that was required; a successful farmer, and accumulated some property.

     The Osburns of this township were among the early Irish settlers, coming originally from County Donegal.  The family consisted of Samuel Osborn, Sr., and six children - Mary, William, James, Samuel, Catharine (Crawford) and Elizabeth (Fearus).  Of these, two are living, both in this township.  The family left Ireland in 1817.  The father died in 1820, six weeks after coming to this country.

     James Osburn, born in Ireland in

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1798, came to America with the family, and loated with them in what is now Marion Township, when all was wilderness . In 1830 he married Eliza Lilngo.  Their children now living are Samuel M., Archelaus and Hester A. (Calland) in this county, and Ellen (Wilson), Kansas.  The father died in 1883.  His widow is still living, with her son Archelaus.  The latter was born in 1840, and in 1862 enlisted in Company D, Ninety-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was mustered out at the expiration of his term of service.  He was in the battles of Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, the Atlanta campaign, through the Carolinas, etc.  In 1867 he married Eliza M. Hamilton.  Six children - five living, viz.:  Anna L., Luella, Jaes H., Charles E. and Hattie H.

     Samuel Osborn, Sr., was born in Ireland in 1800, and came to this country with the family.  In one fall he walked from Philadelphia to Pittsburgh, adn thence to Ohio, where he entered the land on which he afterward located; then back to Pittsburgh, and again to this township.  Such feats of pedestrianism would be considered marvelous in these days, but the pioneers were a hardy race and not afraid to encounter hardships  In 1829 he married Martha Horton.  His children were Ruth (Barnes), Dorinda (Lemmax), living, Ann J. (Taylor) and Mary E. (Anderson), deceased; Susannah (Payett), William and Rebecca.  William Osborn was born in 1843.  In 1862 he enlisted in Company D, Ninety-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry.  He was discharged on surgeon's certificate of disability after one year in the service.  In 1862 he married Lillie H. Earhart, of this county.  Four children living - Albion E., Mattie H., Mary A. and Dora R.  The Osborns are Free Methodists..

     Samuel Craig, a native of Ireland, came to America about 1818.  He settled in this township on the farm now owned by Fawcett L. Craig, who was born on the place in 1843.  In 1871 F. L. Craig married Catherine McGirt, of Scotch descent; children - Emma B., George W. and Nellie J.  Mrs. Craig is a member of the Methodist church.  Mr. Craig is a successful farmer.

     In 1818 Nathan Capell, his wife and family of six children came to this county from Delaware.  They afterward had one child.  They were members of the Methodist Episcopal church.  Mr. Capell died in 1855; his wife, in 1853.  Mary Capell, widow of Richard Horton was born in Delaware in 1809, and came to Ohio with her parents.  She was married in 1829 and is still living on the farm where she then settled.  Mr. Horton was a farmer, and for the lat twenty-five years of his life a minister in the Wesleyan Methodist church.  He died in 1878.  Mrs. Horton is the mother of ten children, six of whom are living - one in Virginia and five in Noble County.  She is one of the few remaining early settlers to whom pioneer life was a reality.  Her children in this county are Maria (Calland), Moses I., Nathaniel, James F. and Robert C.

     Joseph Calland was born in Dum-

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fries, Scotland, in 1783.  He came to America in 1819 and entered land just east of Summerfield, where he died in 1832.  He built the house now occupied by Nancy and Rachel Danford.  He served as township trustee several years.  His wife died in 1882 in her ninety-seventh year.  They had eleven children six of whom came to this county, five now living - Elizabeth (Brown), Summerfield; Nancy (Ogg), Indiana; Catherine (Swain), Center Township; Robert, Marion Township; James, Stock Township.

     Robert W. Calland, an old resident, was born in Scotland in 1808, and came to this country with his father's family.  In 1832 he married Nancy Capell, who bore ten children, four of whom are living - Nathaniel C., Mary E. (Miller), Horton S. and William B.  His first wife died in 1854, and Mr. Calland married Mary Baldridge (nee Stewart)  They had four children, three of whom are living - Jennie (Horn), Nevada B. (Williams) and Friend Milroy.  Mr. Calland has been a very prominent citizen and has served in the following offices:  County commissioner, deputy United States marshal, township trustee, justice of the peace for twenty-seven years in succession, trustee of the church cemetery and temperance hall.  He has been a local preacher in the Methodist church about thirty years, and class-leader and exhorter for over fifty-years.

     William McClintock and family came from Ireland to Pittsburgh in 1812.  There Mr. McClintock found employment in a brewery.  He remained in Pittsburgh nine years, and in 1822 removed with his family to 160 acres of land in this township, which he had entered two years previously.  The country was then a

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wilderness, and the family, unaccustomed to such a life, found existence full of hardships.  But they succeeded in gaining a good home.  They had two children born in Ireland and four in this country.  The family were Methodists.  Mr. McClintock died in 1862; his wife in 1845.  James McClintock, the only survivor of the family, was born in Pittsburgh in 1817.  In 1839 he married Catharine Lemmax.  They had ten children: Jonas R., Elizabeth (Amos), deceased; William W., Sarah (Rownd), Margaret (Donelly), Martha (Philpot), Mary (Washington), Samuel D., Alice and Emmett, deceased.  Samuel D., the third son, was born in 1854.  In 1881 he married Ollie Mason, of Monroe County, and they have one child - Clyde E.  He was in the mercantile business at Freedom for about two years, but is now farming.

     John and Mary Franklin came from the vicinity of Dublin, Ireland, and settled in Pittsburgh.  In 1822 they came to this township, whence they returned to Pittsburgh.  In 1833 they located on the farm now owned by Mrs. Benjamin Franklin.  Benjamin was born in Pittsburgh in 1821, and came to this county with his parents.  He died in 1876.  He married Jane E. Harper, of Belmont County, in 1847 and was the father of Mary A. (Cleary), deceased; William H., John B., Robert D. and Ellen E., living.

     John B. Franklin was born in Pittsburgh in 1825, and came to this township with his parents in 1833.  IN 1846 he married Hannah J. Wharton; children, nine, all living; Swazey D., Mary E. (Guiler), Samuel K., Martha A. (Barnes), George W., Sarah G. (Barnes), Winfield S., James A. and Robert E.  Mr. Franklin learned the blacksmith's trade and followed it for fifteen years, but for about twenty years has been a farmer.

     Thomas Franklin is one of the enterprising and energetic settlers of "Young Ireland."  He came to this country from "Erin's Isle" about 1818, and after remaining in Pittsburgh about six years, settled on what is now section 11 of Marion Township.  He settled in the woods, cleared his farm, and proved a successful farmer.  None of his family are now living.  He was the father of six children.  Alexander, his third son, married Mary Amos in Pittsburgh, and was the father of Mary (Mason) deceased; Violet (Summers), Caldwell; Margaret (Lemmax), Freedom; Elizaeth, Rosa P. (Gulick), and John A.  The latter was born in 1837 on the farm he now owns.  In 1862 he married Matilda Danford.  Their children are Mary R., Maggie L., Homer W., John M., Wilbur, Lizzie, Violet, Cliff and Edna J.

     Gassaway Trott and wife came from Maryland to Barnesville in 1824, and in 1826 removed to the farm in this township on which Mrs. Trott still lives.  He died in May, 1886.  The family were Methodists, and well-to-do as farmers, and made life a success.  They stood high in the estimation of the community in which they resided for their acts of benevolence, and never were called upon the vain for favor or assistance, but always met demand with a hearty response.

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     John M. Rownd, for many years one of the prominent business men and best known citizens of Summerfield, was born in Barnesville in 1814.  In 1828 he came to Summerfield and entered the store of his brother-in-law, Mr. Shanklind, as clerk.  In 1830, during the cholera epidemic in Wheeling, he went to that place and engaged in making coffins, turning out thirty to forty per day.  In 1834 he returned to Summerfield, where he opened a cabinet-maker's shop, continuing in that business for about six months.  He then went to Lexington and went into partnership with Mr. Shankland as a general merchant.  He continued in Lexington until 1844, then again returned to Summerfield and opened a store on the corner where the Summerfield hotel now stands.  About two years later he built the store now occupied by Rownd & Paull.  He continued to do business at this location from 1847 to 1873, buying his goods in Baltimore during the greater part of the time.  He was in active business from 1828 to 1873, nearly forty six years, and bore an enviable reputation for honor, honesty and fair dealing.  In the days of the anti-slavery agitation his place was an Underground railroad depot and himself a very active and efficient official of that road.  On one occasion his son, James S., then a boy, went to the rag bin to get some walnuts which he had hidden there and was surprised and badly frightened when he discovered a burly, black negro in the bin.  The boy was rushing out of the store in alarm when his father caught him, pulled him back and told him under no circumstances to tell anyone what he had seen.  He then sent the boy to school promising to explain things on his return.  Meantime, the negro was removed to other quarters.
     Mr. Rownd was one of the best friends of the Union cause in Noble County.  He was a member of the State Military Committee, and was active in raising and equipping troops for the field, spending liberally his time and money for that purpose.  It is an undisputed fact that he spent more for the cause of his country during the Rebellion than any other man in Noble County.  He also lost fully $8,000 from the deaths of customers in the army, who went away indebted to him.  Two of his sons were in the service and were gallant soldiers.  Mr. Rownd was a public-spirited citizen, a thorough and successful man of business, and though life possessed that priceless gift, an unsullied reputation.  He was married in 1840 to Martha A. Gibson, a native of Maryland, and was the father of seven children, who reached mature years.  The oldest son, John G., now deceased, was a member of the Company C, Ninety-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served until his company was mustered out.  Entering the service as first sergeant, he rose to the rank of first lieutenant; James S., also a soldier in the late war, is now senior member of the mercantile firm of Rownd & Paull, in Summerfield.  The other children are Ann E. (Mechem) Kansas; Mar-

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tha V. (Williams), Summerfield; Maggie E. (Hyde), Kansas; Thomas W., Emily H. (deceased).  The mother died in 1880, and the father, Feb. 26, 1884.

     James S. Rownd, one of the enterprising and representative business men of Noble County, was born in 1842, and has followed mercantile pursuits.  In 1864 he enlisted in the hundred days' service.  In 1870 he married Sarah E. Hall of Quaker parentage.  They have three children:  Minnie F., John H. and James T.

     James McVickar and family came to this township in 1828 from Hampshire County, Va.  He was a member of the Presbyterian church, and his wife was a Lutheran.  HE died in 1843 and his widow in 1856.  They had seven children, one of whom died in infancy.  Henry F. McVickar was born in Hampshire County, Va., in 1822, and came to Ohio with his parents.  He is a leading farmer.  The family are members of the Cumberland Presbyterian church.  Mr. McVickar was married in 1844 to Catharine Ward, of Guernsey County; children: Elizabeth (Okey), Drucilla (Rich), Kate (Guiler), Elmer, H. Grant, Lindley E. and Josie.

     William Philpot* came to America about 1802.  He first settled on a section of land, with two others, where the town of Belmont now is.  His health becoming impaired, he entered the employ of James Barnes, proprietor of Barnesville, and sold for him the first goods ever sold in that town.  He had previously been a merchant's clerk in Ireland, and understood the business.  From 1830 to 1847 he was in business in Summerfield.  He died in 1864.

     James M. Rownd came to Summerfield after his sons located there.  He was the father of Samuel, James Q., John M. and Henry.  Samuel Rownd started a tannery, and carried on harness making in Summerfield.  He removed to Iowa.  James Q. settled on a farm and had a pottery.  Henry carried on the mercantile business in Sarahsville, and John M. was in the same business in Lexington and Summerfield.

     Peter Barnes and family came from Belmont County in 1833, and settled on 160 acres of land which they bought of William Philpot.  He died in 1861 and his wife in 1858.  They had eight children, of whom three are living - Abel, Lenox and Vachel; the two last named live in Springfield, Ohio, as does also their sister, Mrs. A. Davis.  The family were Methodists.  Abel Barnes, the oldest son, was born in Harrison County Ohio, in 1814, and came to this county with his parents.  In 1840 he married Catharine Brown of this county; children: Margaret A. (Davis), Rhoda E. (Gant), Nathaniel B., Adam C., Peter F., George B., Abel W., Allen W., and James S.  Several of the children live in the West.  James S. is a county surveyor in Kansas.  Mr. Barnes and wife are Methodists.

     William Craig and family came from Montreal, Canada in 1837, and settled in this township.  They brought five children with them and

-------------------------
* See biography Philpot family this chapter.

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one was born afterward.  Mr. Craig died in 1855 and his wife in the same year, only two days later.  He was a leader in the Methodist church.  Two of the children are living in Missouri and two in this county - Mrs. Jacob Guiler and Mrs. David Campbell.  Elizabeth, the oldest child, married Rev. Joseph H. Stewart, of Marietta.  She died in 1861, leaving one child, Rosa J. (Campbell).  Joshua, the next child, was born in 1821, and died in Kansas in 1874.  Mary J., born in 1826, is the wife of Jacob Guiler.  Martha  C. was born in Canada in 1828.  In 1874 she married Henry Cleary who died in 1884.  In 1886 she married David Campbell, a retired capitalist.  Margaret, born in 1833, married William H. Harper, and lives in Missouri.  Emma born in 1837, also resides in Missouri, and is the wife of Elijah Cleary.

     William H. Craig, son of John D. Craig, was born in 1845, in Marion Township, and is engaged in farming.  He was married in 1870 to Ann E. Kent, of this county, and by this union has had three children, none now living.

     Francis A. Wharton was born in Pennsylvania Feb. 26, 1814, and when a boy emigrated with his parents to the neighborhood of Barnesville, where he married Miss Amelia Barnes, and where he resided until 1838, when he removed to the headwaters of Duck Creek, three miles west of Summerfield, in what is now Marion Township.  Mr. Wharton was not only one of the early settlers of the county, but of its substantial and respected citizens.  He was a thrifty business man and a zealous Christian.  At the age of twenty years he joined the Methodist Episcopal church, and soon after was licensed to exhort.  He became a local preacher about 1839, and for forty years he faithfully performed the duties assigned him.  His charity was proverbial, and while he was a fearless defender of the right he never gave offense to those who differed from him in opinion.  He died Oct. 11, 1879, "without having a known enemy in the world," and it is but just to say that no one held a larger share of public esteem.  His sole aim in life seemed to be to benefit others, and it may be truly said he was a blessing to the poor.  His wife (familiarly known as Aunt Amelia) survives him and resides on the old homestead.  Of a family of eight children, vie are living.

     Arthur Wharton was born in this township in 1842.  At the age of nineteen he enlisted in Company I, Twenty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served four years, being in the battles at Cheat Mountain, Greenbrier, Cross Keys, Honey Hill, and a number of skirmishes.  He was wounded in the right shoulder in a skirmish at Cattle Creek, S. C., and at Honey Hill was wounded through the hand.  He was on detached service for hospital duty about a year, and Jan. 4, 1865, was discharged on a surgeon's certificate of disability.  In 1867 he married Mary E. Carter; children; Bertha S., deceased; Emery O., Alva G., Adda M., Minnie O., Ina J. and Arthur F.,

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living,  Mr. Wharton is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church; occupation, farming and stock dealing.

     Henry Floyd, born in Pennsylvania in 1813, came to this township when twenty-six years of age, and still resides here.  He married Rebecca Danford and has six children living.  He has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal church fifty-four years and his wife has belonged to the same church sixty-one years.

     John Cleary and his wife and one child came from Cincinnati to Marion township, in 1842.  They afterward had ten more children.  The family belonged to the Methodist Episcopal church. Mrs. Cleary died in 1879.  John W. Cleary was born in 1856.  In 1879 he married Mary A. Rutherford.  Their children are Angie E., Edward D. and Luella P.  Mr. Cleary is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church.

     Timothy Cleveland was a native of Maine, and a pioneer settler of Noble County.  He married Sarah W. Pierce, in 1817, and with his wife and one child located at an early date a mile south of Summerfield.  He was a prominent and worthy citizen, and a true type of the enterprising pioneer.  He was the father of seven children by his first wife, two of whom are living - Mary (Gail), of Columbus, and Thaddeus S., of Monroe County.  His wife died in 1835.  In 1839 he married Margaret Dement, of Monroe County.  His wife died in 1835.  In 1839 he married Margaret Dement, of Monroe County.  They had two children, of whom one survives - Frank G., the popular landlord of the Cleveland Hotel, at Summerfield.  Timothy Cleveland died in 1866, and his widow in 1875.
SHARON WICK'S NOTE:   Click Here for 1850 Census   - Click Here for death of Thaddeus S. Cleveland's son Wellington Napoleon Cleveland.

     Frank G. Cleveland was born in 1840, and lived with his parents until 1861, when he enlisted in Company I, Twentieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and becoming a veteran, served until the close of the war.  He was in the battles of Shiloh, Vicksburg, Champion Hills, the Atlanta campaign and Savannah.  After the war he engaged in tobacco-packing in Monroe County.  In 1878 he came to Summerfield and engaged in the hotel business.  In 1882 he bought the Elk House and changed the name to the Cleveland Hotel.  He married Sarah Greeneltch in 1865;  children: Charles (dead), Ella, Mary, Edna J., Forrest T., Hattie, Fred and Rose.

     Richard D. Cleary was born in 1843.  He married Mary A. Franklin in 1867; children:  Joseph F., William D. and Edward B.  His wife, a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, died in 1872.  In 1877 Mr. Cleary married Caroline Cox, of this county, and their children are Annie, Alice and Richard D.  Mr. Cleary is an honorable, prosperous and successful farmer, as was also his father above mentioned.

     Matthew West, born in Kings County, Ireland, in 1827, came to America to seek his fortune at the age of fourteen, and in 1842 located in Marion Township.  After working twenty years as a farm laborer he bought land of William Danford, and began work for himself.  His first purchase was 136 acres, but he added to it from time to time until he

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owned 723½ acres, all the result of  his own industry and economy.  He has given 136 acres to his son and eighty-one acres to his daughter, and still owns about 525 acres.  In 1854 he married Martha Shook; children: Eliza A. (Danford), William H., Jane M. (Thomas), and John A. The family are members of the Protestant Episcopal Church.  Mr. West is one of the reading farmers of the township.  At one time, when refused credit for a chip hat in Freedom, he said he would some day be able to buy all the merchants there, and hiss success has verified the prediction.

     Thomas J. Moore was born in Marion Township in 1842.  At the age of seven years he was bound out until he was twenty to Andrew J. Moore.  In August, 1862, he enlisted in Company D, Ninety-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, with which he served until the close of the war, participating in several noted battles.

     Liston H. Prettyman was born in Sussex County, Del., in 1817, and came to this township in 1844.  He married Mary Shankland in 1845, and to them was born one child - James S.  Mr. Prettyman was a farmer, and a member of the Methodist Episcopal church.  He died in 1883.  His widow resides on the farm with her son.
     James S. Prettyman was born in 1846.  At the age of twenty years he went to West Virginia, where he was in the mercantile business.  In 1872 he returned to Ohio, and for eleven years was engaged in the same business in Carlisle, and has since been farming.  He was married in 1872 to Emma A. Penn, who died in 1881.  They had two children, of whom one is living - Frank.  In 1885 he married Miss Eliza Philpot.  The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal church.

     Wyndham Sparling, with is wife and one child, left Ireland for America June 1, 1849.  Reaching this was born in LImerick, Ireland, in 1805.  In 1849 he landed in Philadelphia and immediately came to this township.  HE purchased eighty acres of land, to which he has since added eighty-eight acres.  He was married in his native land in 1826, and had by this union two sons, one of whom is liv-

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ing in Washington County, Ohio.  His first wife died in 1851, and in the following year he married Mrs. Alexander, of Belmont County, who died in 1868.  In 1871 Mr. Sparling married Mrs. Ford (nee Campbell).  Mr. Sparling is a Royal Arch Mason.  He is proud of being an American citizen, and though cherishing an affection for his native land, has no desire to return to it.  His son, Dr. John Belton Sparling practiced for a time in this county.  Wyndham Sparling has been a school director for twenty-four years.  He also served many years as a trustee of the Methodist Episcopal church, and as superintendent of the Sabbath school, filling those positions with credit to himself and profit to church and school.

     William Finley came from Pennsylvania when a young man, and settled in Seneca Township about 1825.  He was a worthy, industrious pioneer, and used to claim that he had cleared more land than any man he ever knew, except Aaron Morris.  In 1832 he married Rachel Glover, whose parents came to the county about the same time that Mr. Finley did.  Among his pioneer experiences was hauling grain to the Muskingum River, forty miles, over poorly constructed  roads, selling it at from twenty-five to forty cents per bushel, and taking the larger part of the proceeds in trade.  After living in Seneca Township thirty-five years, in 1860 he removed to Center Township, and thence in 1870 to Wayne County, Iowa, taking with him his younger children.  His wife died in 1989 and he in 1886.  The grandfather of William Finley and his brother, aged nineteen and twenty-one years respectively, came to America from Ireland just before the Revolution.  Landing in New York without means, they there separated, and the identity of the two families was never certainly fixed, except that the family of Patrick Finley had a similar legend.  

     James M. Philpot was born in this township in 1849, and has followed farming most of his life, though he was in a store several years.  In 1875 he married Martha C. McClintock; children: Shepard B., Clifford M. and Emily.  Mrs. Philpot is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church.  Mr. Philpot is engaged in farming and stock-raising.

     Stephen Wilson was born in Guernsey County Ohio, in 1821.  In 1825 his parents removed to Belmont County, and in 1835 Stephen began learning the harness-maker's trade in St. Clairsville, serving six years and seven months.  In 1841, at the age of twenty-one, he engaged in business for himself in Barnesville, where he remained until 1858.  In 1845 he married Sarah Ann, daughter of Colonel Benjamin Mackall a very prominent man, and by this union had eleven children, six of whom are living - Mary, Charles E., Emma (Miller), Ernest, Harriet A. and Annie.  In 1858 Mr. Wilson came to Summerfield, where he has since followed harness and sadle making and tanning.  He is one of the best informed citizens of Noble County, being a diligent reader, a close ob-

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server, and a man of excellent memory.  He served as justice of the peace several years in Barnesville, and has been notary public for twenty-two years in Noble County.  His daughter Mary was one of the six ladies that were commissioned notaries public in 1880 and held the office one term.  The law under which she was appointed was afterward declared unconstitutional, but she continues to do the work for her father.  The family are Methodists.

     Patrick Bates was born in Seneca Township, Guernsey County, in 1841.  He remained at home until 1861, when he enlisted in Company D, Forty second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served three years, being mustered out with the company.  He was in engagements at Middle Creek, Chickasaw Mountain, the Vicksburg campaign, and back to Vicksburg with Banks in his Red River expedition.  In 1867 he married Mary E. Hughes, of this county, and by her had two children, both deceased.  His wife died in 1870, and in 1881 he married Mary Morris.  They have had three children, two of whom are living - Amanda and Maggie.

     Ezekiel Farley was born in Greene County, Pa., in the year 1810, came to this State with his father, in the year 1815, who settled about three miles south of Summerfield.  On the 17th of September, 1861, he volunteered in Captain James H. Riggs' company, under the leadership of its gallant colonel, J. A. Garfield.  He was with the regiment in its battles and marches one year, when his health failed him and he was honorably discharged from the service on the 17th day of September, 1862.  He returned home, but his health was so broken that he died in a few years.  He had two noble boys that lost their lives in the service - Henry and Sylvanus.

     George Gregg was born in Virginia, in 1800, came to Ohio at an early date and settled in Beaver Township, then Guernsey County, and afterward married Sarah Triplett, of Belmont County.  Of their seven children five are living, three in this county:  Ellen J. (Cline), Isaac and William.  Mrs. George Gregg died in 1880; Mr. Gregg in 1885.  William Gregg, born in Beaver Township in 1832, came to Marion Township in 1867, and is one of the prominent farmers.  He was married in 1855 to Isabel Walker.

     An amusing incident of the early days was a trial held before Squire Rownd, soon after he became a justice.  A family settled near Summerfield whose nationality was unknown, and whose ways of getting a living did not favorably impress their honest neighbors.  The family were called by the settlers "Dutch Indians" on account of their swarthy complexions.  They were low, ignorant and thievish.  Their presence became obnoxious, and the boys of Summerfield determined to drive them away.  One night several of them went, and after shouting, signing and making considerable noise around the shanty of the "Dutch Indian," tore down part of his stable, leaving his old horse inside with a beam stretching

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across from one side to the other, upon his back, so that he could neither go forward nor backward.  While performing the mischief the boys imitated the voices of Eli Curtis and his sons Asahel and Liberty (one of whom had an impediment in his speech).  The Curtises though entirely innocent, were arrested.  The boys who had been engaged in the scrape went to the trial to see fair play, having determined to confess their guilt if the case went against the Curtises.  The trial lasted a long while, and the broken and unintelligible English of the "Dutch Indians" excited much merriment.  The Curtises were cleared without the aid of the real culprits, but the story afterward leaked out.  One of those who was foremost among the mischief makers has since been a presiding elder of the Methodist Episcopal church in Methodist Episcopal church in Northern Ohio.  The "Dutch Indians" left the neighborhood soon after the trial took place.

     Freedom (Whigville P. O.) is a small village about four miles from Summerfield, in a northwesterly direction.  About the year  1841 Andrew Somers, an itinerant shoemaker from Massachusetts, came into the neighborhood and worked from house to house, carrying his kit of tools with him.  In 1843 he purchased a lot from Samuel Large, upon which he erected a small one-story frame house, in one corner of which he had his shop.  He was an honest Christian man and reared a respectable family - nine children.
     Freedom was laid out in 1846 on the lands of William Leeper and Samuel and Henry Large.  John Lemmax bought a corner lot of half an acre and built a frame store and dwelling, intending to engage in the mercantile business with Charles Hare as his partner.  But, investing in tobacco, he lost all his capital ($560), and abandoned the business for two years and went to work at his trade as carpenter.  Then the firm of Lemmax & Franklin began business in a small way, hauling a few groceries and notions from Zanesville to their store in a two-horse wagon. In the next year they began purchasing their stock in Pittsburgh.  About 1850 they began dealing in Baltimore, to which place they also shipped large quantities of tobacco. About 1853 a company was formed among the wealthier Irish farmer of the neighborhood, and a store started.  After the stock had been subscribed, the projector declined to act as manager and Henry Taylor was put in charge.  The business was not successful and lasted only a few years.  Lemmax & Franklin continued business until 1858, when they sold out to John E. Gulick, the present owner.  Lemmax still continued in the buying and shipping of stock for several years with success and profit.

     William Rice, a blacksmith, set up a shop near the site of Freedom about 1832.  He was an excellent workman in both iron and steel, and made hoes, axes and other tools which were considered the very best.  Such a reputation did he gain that he and his two sons were kept constantly

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busy in their shop.  Reuben Wood, his son-in-law, came at the same time.  He was a carpenter, but not finding much work in that line - log cabins being the style of dwelling most in use - he turned his attention to farming with poor success (Rice died here and the family sold out and removed.)
     About 1839 Rev. William Leeper, of Irish parentage, a Methodist preacher, bought the Rice farm.  He was regarded as eccentric in both actions and doctrine, and after a time it was seen that he was insane.  He died in the asylum.
     Many of the early settlers came to the township, attracted by the cheap lands, after living several years in Belmont County.  The business of raising tobacco was introduced by Marylanders and Virginians in Belmont County, and was brought hither from Belmont.  In early years tobacco was a most profitable crop, and was one of the industries that enabled the farmer to obtain money to pay for improvements, and also their store bills.

     Barnesville was the principal trading-point for the early settlers.  Zanesville, Wheeling and Marietta also were occasionally visited.  Zanesville was the principal grain market until the completion of the Central Ohio Railroad in 1853, after which wheat was shipped from Spencer's Station.

     William Earhart came to Summerfield from Barnesville in 1833 to take charge of the horse-mill and carding-mill of William Philpot.  In 1840 he and his brother began building a steam grist-mill at the place since known as Steamtown.  Afterward Samuel Rownd bought the interest of one of the Earharts.  The mill was enlarged and machinery added for carding and spinning wool.  After this Joseph Davidson and John Franklin began blacksmithing and making axes, acquiring a reputation as excellent workmen.  The place began to take on the appearance of a village.  Later Dr. R. P. Summers practiced medicine a few years.  He next started a store.  Steamtown flourished for a period, producing jeans and other woolen goods, but it went into a decline, and now neither mill, store nor shop remains to mark the place.
     In 1870-71 and expensive but valuable improvement was made in the township - the construction of a macadamized road from Summerfield to the county line, near the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad.  It was built under a law levying a tax on real estate for two miles on each side of the road.  It was bitterly opposed, but finally carried through.  The turnpike cost over $100,000.  About thirteen miles of the road is in Noble County.  This part is a toll-road.  The remainder, leading to Quaker City, was built by Guernsey County.

     Thaddeus Shepherd, one of the later settlers of the township, located here in 1876.  He was born in Belmont County in 1853, and in 1876 married Nancy Elizabeth Danford; three children: Emmet E., Emma L. and Ray D.  Mr. and Mrs. Shepherd are members of the Methodist Episcopal church.

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SUMMERFIELD.

     The town site of Summerfield is the highest land occupied by a town in the State; and it is said that the eminence northwest of the town is as high as any land in Ohio.  The location commands a view of some of the most beautiful scenery in this section, and is in all respects as pleasant and healthful a spot as can be found in Noble County.
     The town was laid out in 1827, on the land of Moses Horton, and was named in honor of Rev. John Summerfield, a noted pioneer Methodist preacher.
     Moses Horton, the founder of the town, emigrated to America from Dublin, Ireland, in 1817.  After a journey of six months they arrived at Seneca Township, Monroe County.  Mr. Horton entered four hundred acres of land, stretching across the divide between Will's Creek and Duck Creek, built a cabin on the Duck Creek slope, and entered upon the work of a pioneer settler.  There were then in the neighborhood, or arrived within a year, Dr. Joshua Craig, Nathaniel Capell, Thomas Cochran, Hugh O'Neill, William Calland, and Samuel and James Osborn.  Joseph, father of Robert Calland, arrived from Scotland in 1819.  These families comprised most of the settlers living near the headwaters of the two creeks.

     James W. Shankland was the first settler and the first merchant in the village.  He came here on the 27th of March, 1827.  He erected the first dwelling in the place, in connection with his brother-in-law, Charles W. Moseley, both of whom married Rownds, and the house was occupied by the two families.  Later, Moseley who was a bricklayer by trade, erected another house.  Captain W. L. Moseley now of Enoch Township, was the first male child born in Summerfield.  Shankland and Moseley built a grist-mill and a carding-mill just back of where J. H. Philpot's house now stands, which were run by horse-power, and furnished meal and rolls to the neighborhood.  A part of the machinery for the carding-mill was taken from a disused mill formerly run by Moses Horton.

     During the same year William Lingo erected the second house in the place.  He was for a time J. W. Shankland's partner in the store.  In 1828 Samuel Rownd settled in the place, and started a tanyard and saddler's shop.  He followed this business until 1858.  He then sold out to Stephen Wilson, of Barnesville, and removed to Iowa.  Rownd was elected justice of the peace, soon after his arrival in Summerfield, in the following novel manner:  All the older men in the village having refused to be candidates, the young men drew lots to see who should be elected.  The lot fell on William Calland, but as he refused to serve, Rownd was prevailed upon to permit his name to be used, and was accordingly elected.

     David West opened and kept the first hotel in 1828, in a log house on the southwest corner of Cross street.  In the same year Obadiah Lloyd built a log house and a shop and

Page 405 - began business as a blacksmith.  Jesse Moseley came to the town and erected a house in the same year.  Soon afterward Pemberton Bevan opened a hotel on the southeast corner of the square.

     In the spring of 1830 William Phipot bought out James W. Shankland and took possession of the store, grist-mill and carding-mill.

     S. B. Philpot came to Summerfield in May, 1830.  According to his recollection, the inhabitants of the place then were as follows:  Charles W. Moseley proprietor of a carding-mill; Leonidas Hescott, his assistant; Samuel H. Rownd, tanner; John P. Bevan kept a house of entertainment; David West, now of Fairview, Guernsey County, shoemaker; William Heiddleston now living in Jefferson Township, teamster; Rev. John Miner pastor of the Methodist Episcopal church; Peter Barnes, cabinet-maker; William Philpot, merchant, succeeding James W. Shankland.  The houses were log buildings, among them several cabins of round logs.  What is now the rear portion of Mr. Philpot's store was erected by his father in the fall of 1830, and was the first brick building in the place.

     William Philpot followed the mercantile business from 1830 to 1847.  S. B. Philpot took an interest in the business in 1843, and has since followed it.  He is the oldest merchant in the town and probably the oldest in the county.

     Charles Hare engaged in the mercantile business in this town in 1834, and soon became successful and prominent.  He represented Noble County in the legislature two terms.  In 1844 John . Rownd engaged in the mercantile business, in which he continued until nearly the time of his death in 1884.  The three establishments of Philpot, Hare and Rownd were for many years the most important in the town.

     Moses Horton, the founder of Summerfield, died in 1863.  Of his sons, William was a successful physician for many years; he removed to the West in 1871.  Thomas was a conductor on the Underground railroad in ante-bellum days.  Richard, who died in 1878, was a prominent minister of the Wesleyan Methodist church.
     In 1830 the population of Summerfield was fifty-two.  In 1847 the "Ohio Gazeteer" estimated the population at eight.  At that time the place consisted of three stores and about twenty dwelling houses, clustered about the two cross streets.  The village grew slowly until 1883, when the completion of the Narrow-gauge railroad - which enterprise was largely aided by Summerfield men - gave an impetus to its increase in population and business.  In 1870 the town had 470 inhabitants; in 180, 435.
     Summerfield was formerly an important point for the tobacco industry, and large quantities of leaf tobacco were ought, packed and shipped every season.
     Summerfield was one of the most wide-awake and patriotic villages in this part of Ohio in the time of the late war.  Company I, Twenty-fifth

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Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, the first company that was mustered into the service from Noble County, in 1861, was organized in the town.  The town and township were never required to submit to a draft, but on the contrary their citizens were always found active and ready to raise their quotas and prepare the troops for the field, also to provide for the comfort and support of the wives and children of the gallant volunteers.
     The village has always manifested commendable interest in educational matters.  The first school-house, a log structure of the typical pioneer fashion, was erected in 1828.  This remained in use until 1848, when a brick building was erected on the hill, which was used until 1875.  The town, having been constituted a separate school district in 1872, erected in 1875 a fine, large school-house, which was then the best in the county, and is now excelled only by the Caldwell school building.  Normal schools, in charge of experienced teachers, ahve usually been maintained during a portion of each year since 1860.  The first was taught in the fall of that year by William Wheeler and J. C. Clark, both of whom afterward enlisted in the War of the Rebellion.
     Since Summerfield came into Noble County the town plat has been enlarged by the following additions:  William Horton's first addition, 1855; Moses Hortons third addition, surveyed 1849, recorded 1856; William Hortons second addition (lots 60 to 65), surveyed in 1857; ditto, third addition (lots 65 to 73), 1858; Richard Horton's addition (lots 73 to 78), 1858; Thomas Gibson's addition (five lots and one outlot), 1860; ditto, seond addition (three lots), 1862; William Horton's third addition (lots 78 to 87), 1863; John M. Rownd's addition (eighteen lots), 1870; north side addition, by Stephen Wilson, 1874.
     The business interests of Sumemrfield, at the beginning of the year 1887, were as follows:
     General merchants:
        S. B. Philpot & Co.,
        Rownd & Paull,
        Faber & Danford.
     Druggists:
        John T. Dew,
        Dr. Samuel Brown
     Grocer:
        John H. Philpot.
     Boots and Shoes:
        Frank Meek
     Hardware:
        R. W. Calland
     Hotels:
        Cleveland Hotel, F. G. Cleveland;
        Summerfield House, Nelson Kean.
     Harness-maker and Tanner:
        Stephen Wilson.
     Harness maker:
        William J. Emmons.
     Blacksmiths:
       William H. Wilson,
       Kirk Brumle.
     Shoemakers:
       A. B. Foster,
        John Robinson
     Cabinet-maker:
        John Williamson.
     Wagon-makers:
        Samuel Osborn,
        Clay Bishop
     Tinsmith:
        T. H. Bircher
     Steam flouring-mill: 
        James Buell
     Planing-mill:
        R. F. O'Neill
     Physicians:
        A. A. Staats,
        W. R. Taylor
     Dentist:
        J. R. McGinnis.
     Population, over five hundred.
     Summerfield is a neat, well-built, pleasant village, adn its people are enterprising an wide-awake.

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SOCIETIES.

     Masonic. - After working about a year under dispensation, Summerfield Lodge, No. 425, F. & A. M., was chartered Oct. 20, 1869, with the following officers and charter members:  George W. Mason, W. M.; Stephen Wilson, S. W.; John A. Franklin, J. W.; William Danford, John C. Barr, Wyndham Sparling, Charles Craig, William Collins, Washington Brown, Jhon Bramhall, Henry W. Heiddlesheimer, John Kirk.  The lodge now has fifty-one members, owns a good and convenient hall, and is in good condition.  The present officers are:  A. A. Staats, W. M.; J. R. Barnes S. W.; Reed Williams, J. W.; John Williams treasurer; C. W., Farley, secretary.
     Summerfield Chapter, No. 122, R. A. M., was chartered Sept. 14, 1870.  Following are the names of the charter members and first officers:  J. B. Williams, H. P.; Stephen Wilson, K.; R. P. Summers, S.; William Gibson, James Parker, Isaac Abmyer, G. G. Waters, J. R. Barnes, William Danford, Wyndham Sparling, J. A. Franklin, Benjamin Dotson, Charles Hare, Richard Gibson.  The chapter has now over fifty members, and is prosperous.  The present officers are:  John Williamson H. P.; A. A. Staats, K.; B. Dotson, S.

     Grand Army. - John Brown Post,* No. 504, G. A. R., was chartered Jan. 21, 1885.  The charter members were William R. Paull, W. J. Emmons, J. H. Shankland, A. R. Phillips, Thomas K. Amos, J. R. Barnes, J. H. Wilson, Arthur Wharter, R. W. Calland, R. G. Bell, J. S. Rownd, Charles W. Farley, J. S. Prettyman, I. C. Phillips, Otho Barnes, A. J. Lucas, F. G. Cleveland, Carey Hupp, and William Craig.  Arthur Wharton was the first commander, and still holds the office.  The other officers in November, 1886, were the follows:  J. H. Shankland, S. V. C.; W. H. Wharton, J. V. C.; J. R. Barnes, adjutant; J. S. Prettyman, Q. M.; Dr. A. A. Staats, surgeon; C. W. Farley, chaplain; William J. Emmons, O. D.; Otho Barnes, O. G.; A. J. Lucas, S. M.; T. K. Amos Q. M. S.  The present membership is fifty-three.

     CHURCHES.

     Summerfield Methodist Episcopal Church - A Methodist class was organized as early as 1819 in a school-house which stood on land now owned by Fawcett Craig.  Philip Green was the first preacher and Nathaniel Capell the first class-leader.  Among the early member were the Callands, Cochrans, Capells, Craigs, Osborns, Rownds, Shanklands, Hortons, Philpots, and others, in fact nearly all of the early settlers.  When a school-house had been erected in Summerfield that became the meeting place, and so continued until about 1830, when a small brick church was erected.  In 1832 came a great revival, and the Methodist church gained a hold which it has

------------------
     * Named in honor of Captain John Brown, of the Ninety-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, who went from Summerfield, was wounded, and died from his injuries.

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never lost in Summerfield and vicinity.  In 1855 the present church building replaced the old brick meeting-house.  The church now has over 125 members.
     The Wesleyan Methodists organized and built a church on the hill about 1846.  The building was torn down about 1862 the congregation having disbanded.  The Free Methodist society was organized by Rev. Travis, an Englishman, about 1867, and erected a church on South Main street.  J. M. Rownd was among the most active in this movement.
     Following are the names of some of the pioneers of that part of the township at this time:

     Sanford Rhodes, John R. Stone, John Wolfe, George Brown, Anthony Kelroy, Nathaniel Wakefield, F. Rhodes, Robert Crawford, Archelaus Lingo, Syranus Baldwin, Annias BAnum, Nathaniel Capell, Cruntirn Fearns, Geo. Acred, Wm. Rice, Wm. Alexander, Thos. Cochran, Robt. Devorell, John and Hugh Waybrant.

A FOREST ROMANCE.

     "This narrative possesses a strong local interest, inasmuch as some of its scenes are laid in the country about the headwaters of Will's Creek, and therefore in Marion Township, Noble County.  The hero and heroine of the story are Albert Maywood and Rose Forester, or the "Forest Rose," the names of course being fictitious.  Lewis Wetzel is one of the most prominent personages in the drama.
     "According to this narrative, the Maywood family, in which Rose Forester was an adopted daughter, settled near the southeastern corner of Belmont County, on Captina Creek as early as 1789.  In the spring of 1792 the Indians burned the Maywood cabin, killed all the Maywood family except Albert, who was absent at the time, engaged in his favorite pursuit hunting, and took the Forest Rose prisoner.  The young man chanced to fall in with Lewis Wetzel in the woods, and the two, returning together, made the horrible discovery.  Albert's father, mother, brothers and sister were killed and scalped, and Rose his betrothed, was stolen away!  Wetzel and Maywood at once entered upon the pursuit of the Indians, determined to avenge the murder and rescue Rose.
     "They found and followed the trail, but in the vicinity of where Summerfield now is, as the description would seem to indicate, all trace was lost.  Wetzel searched the creek, but discovered no tracks, owning to its limestone bottom.  But, on searching farther down, he found tracks, where the bottom of the stream was muddy, but leading up the creek instead of down.  The puzzled him greatly, until at length he discovered the imprint of a knee on the muddy bottom.  This mark showed to his practiced eye that the Indians were backing down the stream, and that one had stumbled over some obstacle.  A little more search revealed the camp of the Indians.
     "The captors of Rose were three Hurons and a white renegade.  The locality of the camp is traditionally said to be a hillock or mound on the

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Widow Masrtin's farm.  It was not almost evening, and during the night Albert resolved to make known his presence to Rose, who was tied to a stake, and looked weary and fatigued.  Wetzel tried to dissuade him, but the lover was determined.  Creeping near, he cautiously made the noise of a whip-poor-will.  At the first sound an Indian raised his head, but was deceived, and went to sleep again.  At the second call Rose raised her head, and at the third nodded, for she well knew the sound which they had often used as a signal when playing together as children.
     "Daylight, next morning, was agreed upon as the time for an attack by Wetzel and Maywood.  They fired together; one Indian and the white renegade fell; the remaining Indians took to cover, where they both soon fell victims to Wetzel's rifle.  Rose was rescued and happy in the arms of her lover; but not for long.  A party of twenty or more savages captured both the lovers as they were eating a meal of venison shot and cooked by Albert.  The latter was soon rescued by Wetzel's ingenuity, cutting the throngs which bound him to a stake by means of a knife fastened on a long pole.  But Rose was lost, and a long and vain search failed to reveal any trace of her.  But, after undergoing countless perils and dangers, Albert and Wetzel recovered her after a desperate battle at Standing Stone, in the Hocking Valley.  She had been adopted into the tribe, and was in their garb when found, but her heart was still true to Albert, and they soon were happily wedded."

REMINISCENCES OF SLAVERY DAYS.
CONTRIBUTED BY JOHN LEMMAX.

     In 1838 the discussion of the evils of slavery began to attract general attention.  The settlers in the vicinity of Summerfield held meetings in school-houses, and debating societies discussed the topic.  The term abolitionist was at that time regarded as most opprobrious by a large portion of the people.  At a meeting in Carlisle the resolution, "Slavery is an evil and should be abolished," was discussed, and the debate attracted so much attention that one of the inhabitants of that locality challenged the Irish of Summerfield and vicinity to meet and discuss the question with the citizens of Carlisle and others from Woodsfield, whose opinions were pro-slavery.  The Irish, who were largely abolitionists, accepted, and named Summerfield as the place of meeting.  Carlisle objected on account of distance, and finally New Lexington school-house was settled upon as being the most convenient intermediate point.  The disputants were Richard Horton, William Horton, William Capell and John Lemmax, in the affirmative; and Lawyer Archibald, Gutherie, Walton, and Congressman Morris in the negative.  Three judges were appointed to decide upon the merits of the argument, two of whom were known to be of pro-slavery sentiments.  Of course the debate attracted great attention.  It began early in the evening and lasted until between 1 and 2 o'clock in the morning.  The debate was earnest and animated, and at its con-

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clusion the judges gave their decision unanimously in favor of the affirmative.  This result served as a quietus to further discussion, and when it became known that there were abolitionists in what is now the eastern part of Noble County, a branch of the Underground railroad was soon organized for the safe-conduct and assistance of fugitive slaves on their way to Canada from neighboring Southern States.
     In the vicinity of Stafford were two men - Benjamin Hughes, a Yankee and a farmer, and William Steel a merchant of Irish nativity - who were known to be true friends of the colored race.  It is said that Steel was boycotted - to use a modern term - and his business injured, because of his sentiments.  These and Thomas Large, an Irishman who resided near Sarahsville; William Wilson, Alexander Franklin, Moses Horton and Nathaniel Capell were the most active agents* of the Underground railroad.  The method of operation was to receive and care for the fugitives, secreting and feeding them until they could be sent forward to another station.  Those who were suspected of harboring runaway slaves had to be very cautious in all their movements, as there were usually plenty of informers, who, actuated either by malice or the hope of a reward, would not hesitate to give information against them.  Whenever any agent received a consignment of the human chattels, his friends who were members of the organization (and the Underground railroad company was well organized) endeavored to keep him informed of the movements of his enemies and of slave-hunters.  From this vicinity the runaways were assisted on toward Senecaville, Guernsey County, where they were received by George Richey and other officers of the railroad.  Richey was a minister of the Gospel and a firm friend of the persecuted race.

     Robert Calland, a Scotchman, was a very ardent and fearless abolitionist, and took an active part in the agitation of the slavery question.  At one time the abolitionists were threatened with the most humiliating punishments; but this only served to intensify the excitement.  Postmasters refused to deliver anti-slavery papers to their subscribers, Summerfield furnishing an instance of this kind; and in many ways were the abolitionists annoyed and persecuted.

     About 1847 Thomas Large brought to Alexander Franklin a colored man with wife and child.  The negro had once before attempted an escape, but had been captured and returned by a man named Bonar, who appears to have been employed as a slave hunter.  The negroes were hidden for a few days until it was thought that the way was clear, when Thomas Horton started to take them on to the next station.  On their way they heard a crackling of brush, and the colored people became much alarmed, fearing that Bonar was in search of them.

---------------
     *To the foregoing names many others might be added.  Church Tuttle, of Middleburg, a Yankee of enterprise and Intelligence, was in particular a very efficient Underground railroad official.  Also Jas. Tuttle - ED

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The man handed his child over to Horton, saying he would sell his own life as dearly as possible, for he knew that if recaptured he would be sold and taken to the far South.  Fortunately the fugitives were not molested, Bonar having a wholesome fear of the Irish abolitionists, who would have subjected him to very rough treatment in case of an encounter.  There were several citizens of the county who closely watched the movements of the Underground trains - some from Maryland and Virginia, who would have readily assisted slave-owners in the recovery of their property.  A Marylander used to make his boasts that he had often knocked down negro wenches, and seemed to think it was something to be proud of.  Another from South Carolina, who had been a slave-driver, used to exasperate the abolitionists by describing the punishments which he had inflicted upon the slaves.  Such men were of course on the alert to discover something against the abolitionists; but in spite of their watchfulness many slaves were assisted on their way to Canada and freedom by the Underground railroad, and there were few instances in which negroes were captured or taken back.
     In 1845, Peter M. Garner, Creighton Lorraine and Mordecai Thomas while aiding some slaves to escape at Belpre on the Ohio, were surprised by a party of slaveholders just as they were getting out of the skiff.  The slaves were returned to bondage and Mr. Garner and his companions arrested in jail at Parkersburg, Va.  The claim was made that they were beyond low water mark, and therefore on Virginia territory.  They were kept in jail for several months, and then the case was brought to trial.   A verdict, however, was not reached, and they were again confined.  Governor Bartlett, of Ohio, interested himself in the matter and asserted that their arrest was in violation of the constitution of the United States, and a scheme to kidnap citizens of Ohio, whom they thought to be abolitionists.  They were again brought to trial, Ohio being represented by Hon. Samuel F. Venton.  The court held that they were on Ohio territory when captured, and therefore not amenable to the laws of Virginia; they were consequently released.

THE PHILPOT FAMILY.

     William Philpot, the progenitor of the Philpot family in this country, was born in Dublin, Ireland, in the year 1777; his parents were of English parentage, and were sturdy and intelligent people of the middle class.  They gave their son of advantages of a good education.  Evidencing an aptitude for mercantile pursuits, he was apprenticed to a merchant with whom he remained seven years.  Two years after the completion of his indentures, 1802, he came to America, in company with two of his friends; they settled in Belmont County and located in section of land where is now the village of Belmont; here he remained ten years, clearing land and farming.  He led a dreary, isolated

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life, acquiring experience in pioneer life which he utilized to good advantage in after time.  About 1813 he went to Barnesville; where he entered the employ of James Barnes, the founder of the village, and for him established the first store in the village.  He was the first postmaster and was identified with nearly all the initial events in its history.  He was engaged in mercantile pursuits as clerk and proprietor until 1830, when, with his family of wife (nee) Ruth Hulse) and eleven children, he came to Summerfield, then a little hamlet of perhaps a dozen families.  He bought the business of James W. Shankland the pioneer merchant of the place, and for seventeen years he did a successful business in land, to bacco and merchandise, and was not only one of the prominent and successful business men of the county, but also an esteemed citizen.  While in Barnesville he united with the Methodist Episcopal church and remained loyal until death.  He died in 1864.  His children , all of whom were residents of the place and identified with its history, were Ellenor (Wilson), Eliza. Rownnd, Maria, Matilda, (Stoller), William H., George, Shepherd B., Sarah A. (Hare), Isaac, John H. and Samuel, six of whom are now (1887) living.
     Shepherd B. was his father's successor in business.  He was born in Barnesville in 1819.  He grew up in his father's store, obtaining some education from the subscription schools of that time.  At the age of twenty-four he became a partner, and in 1847 sole proprietor; for many years has been one of the largest merchants in the county.  For forty-four years he has done business in Summerfield, and for thirty three eyars has dealt extensively and quite successfully in tobacco.  He has enjoyed in a very great degree of confidence and esteem of his fellow townsmen, and in evidence it may be stated that for twenty-two years he has officiated as township treasurer.  During the war he did good service in the cause of his country in the formation of military companies, and his time and money were always at command in the furtherance of any war measure.  In his religious an political affiliations he is a Methodist and a Republican.  In 1844 he married Miss Emily, daughter of John Allen,  a Virginian, who settled here in 1840.  Mrs. Philpot was born in Virginia, and is the mother of nine children - Charles W., Ruth E., James M., Laura, William H., Ada M. (Rader), John C., Roscoe and Luella (Ritchey).

     John Lemmax - It is always a pleasure to sketch the career of a prominent and successful man of business, who has attained his position in life solely through his own well-directed industry, his persevering efforts and his unswerving honesty.  Such a man is John Lemmax.  He was born in Pittsburgh, Pa., Dec. 30, 1820.  His father was of Welsh and his mother of Irish descent.  In the spring of 1821 the family came to Ohio, settling in the vicinity of Summerfield, where they remained until 1825.  Becoming dissatisfied with pioneer life, they then

John Lemmax

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returned to Pittsburgh, and continued to reside there until September, 1830, when they returned to the farm in what is now Noble County, which was thenceforth their permanent home.  In Pittsburgh the subject of this notice attended school, and being an apt scholar, received the rudiments of a sound education in the common branches.  After his removal to the farm, John was put to work, and all of his attendance at school after he was eleven years of age, amounted to but fourteen days.  Money was scarce, and it was difficult to make both ends meet; therefore the services of our subject were necessary to contribute to the family's support, there being five children younger than himself.  He had no money except what he earned himself, by working out among his neighbors, and what he could save in this way, he devoted to the purchase of books.  He also borrowed and read all the books he could obtain in the neighborhood.  Early in life he became possessed of Brainard's "Life Among the Indians," Rollin's "Ancient History" (eight volumes), and the works of Josephus.  He took apart in the pioneer debating societies and thus strengthened his knowledge and acquired experience in public speaking.
     In his sixteenth year he began learning the carpenter's trade, returning to the farm to assist in busy seasons.  During the first year at this work he received $7 per month; the second year he began at $12 per month, and his wages were increased to $18 for the second month.  In this way he continued to work at his trade, receiving from $20 to $28 per month.  Afterward he began taking contracts, hiring a man and working himself.  In his nineteenth year Mr. Lemmax went to Woodsfield and made arrangements to enter the law-office of Edward Archibald as a student.  His father hearing of this, and having a strong prejudice against lawyers, persuaded John to abandon his intention.  This Mr. Lemmax always regretted, and believes that he made a serious mistake.
     Early in life he became a pronounced temperance man, and has ever since remained a firm advocate of the doctrine of total abstinence.  HE joined a temperance society at Summerfield, and soon became prominent among its workers.  At the solicitation of Mr. S. H. Rownd, president of the society, he visited  different places in Morgan, Washington and Guernsey Counties to make temperance addresses.  On one occasion, in the winter of 1841, he was sent to a place about eight miles distant to deliver an address.  Arriving there he found the church in which he was to speak so full of people that it was with difficulty that he forced his way to the pulpit.  He became confused and forgot his subject.  A Bible lay upon the pulpit, and opening it, Mr. Lammax read the first words that met his eye:  "What is man that thou art mindful of him?"  Taking this as a text and beginning his remarks with the history of ancient Greece, he talked with east and freedom for an hour and three-quarters.  On looking at his watch

Page 414 -
he again became embarrassed and made an apology for speaking so long, but was urged to continue.  He circulated the constitution and by-laws of his society, and was gratified in obtaining eighty-six signatures.  After several earnest invitations, he again visited the same place and lectured, this time securing sixty-eight more names.
     Mr. Lemmax continued to work at his trade until 1845, and in the meantime had saved between $600 and $700.  He then made arrangements with Charles Hare, of Summerfield, to start a store in Freedom.  Mr. Hare advised him to invest in tobacco, and he did so.  The result was the loss, in the fall of 1846, of $800.  Returning from Baltimore to Freedom, he again engaged in building.  He also bought hogs and made some money on them.  In 1848, in partnership with A. Franklin, he bought a small stock of goods in Zanesville and again embarked in the mercantile business.  Two years later he increased his stock largely, buying in Baltimore, and was soon doing a successful business.  He again began buying tobacco and continued that business for thirty years with varying success, sometimes gaining and sometimes losing heavily by his operations.  In 1864-5 his losses were about $23,000.  It required thirteen yeas to recover this amount.  He dealt extensively in hogs and cattle for several years.  In 1848 he began buying and feeding hogs, marketing them at home.  Four years later he began shipping hogs, and this business he continued successfully for twenty-four years.  He began dealing in cattle in 1851, both buying and shipping, and continued twenty-five years, then quite shipping  During this time he handled an average of 3,500 hogs and two hundred head of cattle per year, with a satisfactory profit, and in the meantime gathered up 543 acres of land, four hundred of which were cleared.  His many business interests kept him to busy to devote much attention to farming, and he used much of his land for pasturage.  In business matters he wasted no words but was always fair and honorable, and never would he take advantage of another's ignorance in order to secure a profit for himself.  For a period of twenty years he handled about $50,000 worth of live stock, tobacco and merchandise per year, without failing to meet every obligation promptly.  This gave him a prestige as a buyer that but few have, and a credit that answered instead  of larger capital. 
     Frank in avowing his sentiments; bold, fearless and consistent in maintaining them, Mr. Lemmax laid the foundation of a character of sincerity and honor, which amidst the vicissitudes, the profits and losses of business transactions, the shocks of political changes and the scurrility of partisan warfare, has never been shaken or tainted with insincerity.  In the possession of these attributes, beyond the reach of cavil or question, is to be found the secret of that inalienable attachment which to day exists among the vast body of his friends and fellow-citizens, and which

Page 415 -
has followed him throughout his business career.  Here he wishes to offer a grateful tribute of respect to the names of three of his friends who stood by him in the darkest hour of his mercantile career:  To Morris DAnford who furnished him $3,500; to John O'Neill who furnished $2,500; and to "Uncle" Samuel Craig, who furnished $2,300 at six per cent, payable at his pleasure, on his individual note without security.  These sums were used in the liquidation of his indebtedness entailed by the losses on tobacco in 1864 and 1865.
     Mr. Lemmax was married in 1846 to Margaret, daughter of Alexander Franklin, one of the early settlers of Marion Township.  They have reared four children - Mary Rose, now the wife of Charles Craig, of Marion Township; Violet J., Lillie W. and John A., single and residing at home.  The family are all members of the Methodist Episcopal church.
     In politics Mr. Lemmax is a firm, uncompromising Republican, and for many years has taken a deep and intelligent interest in both local and national political affairs.  Early in life he became an adherent of the Whig party.  In September, 1840, he attended a Democratic mass meeting at Carlisle, addressed by leading Democratic politicians of Monroe County.  After they had finished, John McMahon took the platform on the Whig side, and made a telling speech.  Hon. Joseph Morris, representative in Congress, who was one of the speakers present, went home with Mr. Lemmax and spent the night at his father's house.  In conversation with him, the question was asked, What would take the place of bank-notes.  Morris replied, "Sub-treasury notes."  On being asked what they were, he admitted that he did not know.  "Well, it is not good policy to destroy the bank-notes unless you have something better to take their place."  Mr. Morris said: "John, I am afraid you won't make a good Democrat.  To be one, you must stick to the party, right or wrong."  And John did not become a Democrat.  He voted first for Henry Clay, and acted with the Whig and Free-soil parties until the campaign of John C. Fremont, since which time he has been a Republican.  Mr. Lemmax has been several times a delegate to State conventions.  He was a delegate to the National Convention of 1876.  He was the first delegate to propose Hayes' nomination, and, in a conference of the Ohio delegation, secured the passage of a resolution pledging a solid vote for him, and that no delegate should vote otherwise without first conferring with the remainder of the delegation.  Mr. Lemmax held the office of county commissioner one term and declined a renomination.  He was a candidate for representative to the legislature in 1884, but was defeated by a small majority, owing to the hostility of the Greenback element, who at this time were energetically preaching the doctrine of "fiat money," claiming it as the "poor man's money."  Mr. Lemmax vigorously opposed this craze and took a decided stand for resumption.

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and a stable currency.  He took a prominent part in securing the extension of the B. Z. & C. Railroad, from Woodsfield to Zanesville, subscribing liberally to further the scheme, giving it much of his time and attention for over a year, besides furnishing a building for a depot at his own expense.  The road runs through his land for a mile and a half.  After the completion of the road, on the resignation of one of the directors, he was unanimously chosen to fill the vacancy and has since been thrice chosen to fill the same position.  In the spring of 1883,with twelve others who paid a like sum, he advanced $2,000 to secure the opening of the road and the running of trains.  He has had contracts for furnishing the road with over four hundred thousand feet of trestle timber, besides a large quantity of cross-ties.  Mr. Lemmax has been a stockholder and director of the Noble County National Bank at Caldwell since its organization.  He has held the office of postmaster, at Freedom (Whigville Postoffice), for twenty eight years, without any complaints from patrons or the Department.

Henry Large

     Henry Large, one of the successful financiers and early settlers of Marion Township, was born near the city of Dublin, July 21, 1817.  His parents, George and Eliza Large, were farmers, and came to American in 1825.  They landed in Quebec, where the elder Large died some three weeks after his arrival, leaving the family in rather destitute circumstances.  They removed to Montreal, where they lived about three months.  Thence they went to a little village called Beaver Dam, near Niagara Falls, where Mrs. Large bought a piece of land, and where Henry found employment as a boy-of-all-work in a store.  A sister of Mrs. Large, Mrs. Dr. Craig, had settled near Summerfield some time in 1818, and by her advice Mrs. Large disposed of her little property and came to the new country in February of 1828, with her little family of six children.  She entered from government eighty acres of land near the village of Freedom, which she improved and on which she resided until 1829, when Henry became the owner.
     The early life of Mr. Large was one of toil and hardship.  After age of sixteen he made his initial effort in business by taking a job of splitting rails at thirty-one cents per hundred.  At eighteen he began life as a farm laborer at $8 per month.  These facts, although seemingly trivial, show what can be done from small beginnings.  By dint of industry and close economy he accumulated a sum nearly sufficient for the purchase of the homestead farm, which he bought in 1839.  On this farm, which he still owns, he laid the foundation of his fortune.  Never at one time has he owned more than 155 acres.  The life of Mr. Large has been a busy and successful one, in fact it may be said that, considering his opportunities, no resident of Noble County has been more so.  He has devoted his time to farming, tobacco raising and loaning his net earnings, and is

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thought to be the wealthiest man in the county.  Many are curious to know how it was possible for him to acquire so fine a competency under such adverse circumstances.  His answer to the question is, "By the rigid practice of industry, economy, promptness and the avoidance of debt," and we might add, shrewd management and a desire to excel.  Mr. Large is quiet and reserved in manner, and possessed of no distinguishing characteristics, excepting his financial ability and his extraordinary mathematical acquirements; his gift in his respect is wonderful, and like that of Pascal and Colburn, is a God given faculty, as his education was almost wholly confined to that school in which the teachers are observation and experience.
     In politics he is a Republican; in religion a Methodist, although not a member of any church.  He is classed among the foremost men of the county in wealth, brains and intelligence.
     Mr. Large was married early in life to Miss Maria, daughter of Edward Cleary.  She was born in King's County, Ireland, in 1823.  She has been to Mr. Large a helpmeet in all that the word implies.  They have had nine children:  Mary A. McClintock), John, Sarah J. and Emma (died in infancy), Eliza H., Clara I. (Guiler), George E., Emma J. and Joseph H.

L. W. Finley

     Hon. L. W. Finley, one of the prominent agriculturists and representative men of the county, was born near the village of Mt. Ephraim, Noble County, Ohio, Mar. 11, 1844.  Like most other farmer boys of that day, his opportunities for education were quite limited.  He succeeded, however, in obtaining a good English education, and at the age of eighteen commenced life as a teacher.  Soon after he enlisted as a private soldier in the Eighty-eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was mustered into the United States service with the regiment, which for the greater portion of the time was stationed at Columbus and Cincinnati, Ohio.  The last year of the war he was detailed as clerk at the headquarters of the northern department, commanded by Generals Hooker and Heintzlemein.  He remained in the service until the close of the war, when he resumed his former vocation.  In 1867 he began merchandising in Sarahsville, which he followed successfully for six years, when, in consequence of failing health, he sold out his stock and engaged in farming in Center Township, where he remained until the purchase of the farm on which he now resides, in Marion Township, to which he removed in 1880.  Mr. Finley has been quite prominently identified with State and county politics.  In 1876 he received the nomination for auditor of the county on the Democratic ticket, but the county being largely Republican, he was defeated by J. F. Knouff.
     In 1883 he was again complimented by a nomination for representative, and was elected by a handsome majority over one of the strongest men in the Republican ranks.  In the legislature Mr. Finley made an

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enviable record, and in 1885 was renominated, but the question of the election of a United States senator being prominent in the canvass, and the Republicans having a majority of about three hundred, he was defeated by Hon. T. C. Williams by a small majority.  While a member of the legislature he framed several important measures; notably among the number were two affecting railway corporations, one an amendment of the law governing liens, the other a law compelling railroads to use "Spark arresters" to prevent fires along their lines.  But perhaps the most valuable bill introduced by Mr. Finley was one providing for the clothing of the indigent poor in the various eleemosynary and penal institutions of the State, which passed both houses with but little opposition.  While comparatively a young man, but few gentlemen in the county have a larger personal following, or wield a stronger influence in matters of public import.  He is possessed of marked social qualities, which, with an unexceptional record as a business man and politician, gives him a conspicuous place among the best citizens of the county.
     In November of 1866 Mr. Finley was married to Miss Jane daughter of Hon. William J. Young, whose biography will be found in the chapter devoted to Center Township.  The union has been blessed with six children, three boys and three girls, all of whom are living but one.

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