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all intimately related by marriages and intermarriages.  They were the Enochs, Crows, Grandons and Morrises.  Following them a few years later came the Archers, a numerous family.
     Elisha, Henry, Enoch and Jesse Enochs were brothers.  Their father's name was Enoch Enochs, and he also settled on Duck Creek after his sons had been here some years.  He removed to the vicinity of Harriettsville and there died in 1835.  He was in the Indian wars in West Virginia and eastern Ohio, and also a soldier of 1812.  Enoch Enochs, Jr., married Margaret Tice, and lived near Harriettsville.  In 1878 he removed to Tyler County, W. Va., where he died in 1886.  Elisha Enochs and his brother Jesse lived in what is now Stock Township.  There were several daughters of Enoch Enochs, Sr., who married before coming to Ohio, and nearly all settled in this vicinity.  Hannah was the wife of Henry Grandon; Elizabeth married Isaac Morris; Rebecca became the wife of James Archer; Rachel, the wife of Frederick Crow; Sally married Jesse Davis; Lydia was the wife of Nathan Lincicum; Phebe married Joseph Archer and Amy married Matthew Gray.*
     Elisha Enochs was one of the most prominent pioneers.  He settled on duck Creek near where the village of Carlisle now stands, in the year 1806.  The Enochs were of German descent.  Elisha married Nancy Archer.  At the time of their settlement, their nearest neighbors were fifteen miles distant.  The Indians still occupied the country as a hunting-ground, and it abounded in game and fish of all kinds.  Elisha Enochs manufactured powder in a small way, doing all the work by hand, and the settlers for miles around came to him to purchase it.  On the morning after the family arrived in their new home they found themselves short of provisions, and Mr. Enochs shot a young bear on the ground where Carlisle now stands, to supply them with meat.  The Enochs were veritable frontiersmen, and quite a number were killed or scalped by the Indians.  Elisha and Nancy Enochs reared a large family which became scattered through Ohio and farther west.  Their son Henry was born Mar. 27, 1807, and is believed to have been the first white child born in the township.  like all frontiersmen, he early became accustomed to the sue of the gun and lived almost entirely in the woods, doing very little farming.  He married Jane Miller, and entered land on Middle Creek near Middleburg, where he remained until about 1848, when he removed to Lawrence County, Ohio, where he died Apr. 2, 1886.  He reared a large family.  Five of his sons were in the late war, and the family was represented in almost every important campaign of the Rebellion.  The sons who were in the service were John M., a captain; Elisha, corporal; W. H., brigadier general; A. O., captain; and Clum,

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* These particulars were obtained from Henry Archer, of East Union, a descendant of the Enochs family, and are doubtless correct.  We have received statements from other parties, which vary from the above in some particulars. - ED

[PORTRAIT OF THOS. MCGOVERN]

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lieutenant.  The Enochs were nearly all Methodists.  In politics they were Whigs and Republicans.  Elisha Enochs, Sr., was the first justice of the peace in the old township of Enoch, in Monroe County, which was named after the Enochs family.  He was treasurer of Monroe County in 1827-8, and one of the county commissioners in 1829.  He was a Methodist class-leader forty years or more.  Toward the end of his life he became blind.

     Enoch Enochs, Sr., was somewhat noted as a hunter.  He was a man of great ingenuity, especially as a gunsmith.  He also made bedsteads and other kinds of furniture.  The Enochs generally were men of strong physical development.

     Bernard Grandon settled on the creek.  His sons were Enoch, Matthew, William and Bernard, all of whom lived here and reared families, and their descendants are still here.

     William Grandon was a true type of that now extinct race - pioneer backwoodsmen.  He was rough and uncouth in appearance, and uncultivated in speech and manner; but, for all that, a warm heart beat beneath the hunting shirt of the old pioneer, and he was a true man.  He could easily be imposed upon, for he had a childlike faith in human nature.  Every man was his friend until he abused his confidence.  He was strong physically, and very industrious.  He accumulated a comfortable property, but lost nearly all of it and became financially embarrassed through his kindness in giving surety for his friends and neighbors.  The brick house erected by Grandon was the first in the Duck Creek region.

     Isaac Morris, whose descendants still live in the county, came with the Enochs and the Grandons.  He was a most worthy man - somewhat peculiar in some things, but very honest in everything.  He settled on the creek above Carlisle.  The farm is still in the Morris name.

     The following incident of pioneer life, although it did not occur in this county, is a part of the history of a family who were among the earliest settlers of Stock Township, and whose descendants are still living in the county.
     On Wheeling Creek, Greene County, Pa., lived the family of Jacob Crow.  In the vicinity of their cabin the settlers had erected a block-house for their defense, which was known as Ryerson's Station.  In the spring of 1791, on Easter Sunday, four of Crow's daughters started to walk to the station.  The day was warm and pleasant.  When about half way there they met their brother Michael on horseback, it being his custom to visit the block-house once or twice a week, to learn the news.  He tried to persuade his sisters to return home with him, but they decided to go on.  about twenty rods farther there was a large rock by the side of the road.  When three of the girls reached this rock, three Indians stepped from behind it and stopped them.  The youngest girl, Tenah Crow, then about ten years of age, was about fifteen rods behind the others, and on seeing the Indians,

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supposed them to be negroes, and felt no alarm.  Approaching them she discovered her mistake and was also captured.  The Indians led them up a hill nearly a mile distant, and then halted to hold a council.  The girls, believing that they would be killed, also captured.  The Indians led them up a hill nearly a mile distant and halted to hold a council.  The girls, believing that they would be killed, also talked with eachother and decided to try to escape.  They agreed to start, all at once, and run in different directions.  They accordingly ran.  Tenah had gone but a short distance when a tomahawk struck her on her back and knocked her down upon her hands and knees.  As she arose she saw one of her sisters struggling with an Indian.  She ran a short distance to a hollow, or ravine, which she followed down to her home in safety.  The news was told and men soon gathered for the purpose of pursuing the Indians.  Sufficient force was not collected until the next morning.  Then search was made and two of the girls were found lying near together, both scalped and dead.  A trail of blood led to the spot where the other sister lay.  She was scalped and bleeding, but still alive.  She was taken home where she died nine days later, having been unconscious all that time.

     Tenah Crow afterwards became the wife of John McBride, who owned the land on which Carlisle now is, and died in Noble County.  Martin, a brother of the murdered girls, after being a pioneer in Pennsylvania and Virginia, settled and died in the vicinity of Carlisle.  As might be expected he was a life-long enemy to the red man.  His brother Frederick settled in the western part of Monroe County, where he died.  The Crows were contemporaries with Martin and Lewis Wetzel and were with them on some of their noted expeditions.  Martin Crow once had part of his ear shot off by an Indian.  Frederick Crow had his arm broken by a shot from an Indian's rifle.  John Crow, their brother, was killed by the Indians.  Martin was employed as a hunter to kill meat for surveyors of the first seven ranges of townships in Ohio.  He owned the Israel Danford farm near Carlisle.  He married Elizabeth Cackler, a sister to the wife of James Farley.  Peter Crow and Mrs. John N. Smith are his children.

     James Farley married Mary Cackler, and John Nisswonger married her sister Susan.  The remainder of the Cackler family settled on the Western Reserve.  The three mentioned were married in Pennsylvania.

     Matthew Gray settled on the creek, and his descendants are still in the county.  He was strong physically, and as a neighbor good-natured and obliging.  Nathan Lincicum was an early settler of the township.  His son James is still living.  John McBride, who settled where Carlisle now is, was an  early settler and a very industrious and active man.  His sons were William and John, better known as "Jack."  The latter went to California, where he was killed by a well caving in upon him.

     James Archer, of Irish descent, came from Greene County, Pa., where he was born in 1779, and set-

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tled in Stock Township, on the East Fork of Duck Creek, in 1809.  With him he brought his family of six sons and five daughters.  They came on horseback, cutting their own road  a portion of the way.  Soon after their arrival, a heavy freshet raised the waters of the creek to such an extent that their cabin was in imminent danger of being washed away.  The family took refuge in the loft of their cabin and kept warm by keeping coals in a kettle.  James Archer and several of his sons were successful hunters.  James, Jr., served in the War of 1812.  His father hauled goods form Barnesville for Robert McKee, at Olive.  He made the first trip with a wagon, cutting his own road.  The sons of James Archer were James, Joseph, Michael, Simon, Jacob and Nathan.  James married Rebecca Enochs and spent his life in this county.  He was the father of ten children.  Joseph married Phebe Enochs, an sister of James' wife.  They had thirteen children.  Michael married Rhoda, daughter of Bernard Grandon, and  was the father of thirteen children.  Simon married Rhoda, daughter of Henry Enochs and had fifteen children.  Jacob married Sally Grandon.  He was the father of twenty-three children by two wives.  Nathan married Rebecca Morris.  They had thirteen children.  From these families are descended the Archers, who are numerous in Ohio and throughout the West.  The daughters of James Archer, Sr., were Nancy, wife of Elisha Enochs; Rachel, wife of George Hupp; Polly, wife of John Moore; Elizabeth, wife of George Harris; and Susan, wife of John Tribble.  the last named lived in West Virginia.  The others all lived in this vicinity.  The males of the Archer family all settled in the same neighborhood and remained here until they died.  Their descendants in many instances still occupy the land which they entered.  The Archers, as well as many others of the early settlers, managed to secure farms for all of their children.

     Jacob McCollum, one of the early settlers, remained only a few years, then sold out and moved west.

     Among the early settlers of Stock Township was William Young.  He emigrated to this section with his family in the fall of 1825, and entered a section of land near East Union.  He was born in Rhode Island.  His parents were of Scotch nativity, and came to the United States some time before the Revolution.  The children of William Young were Celia, Thomas J., William J., Mary A., Henry J., Robert, George, John Q. and Amie, only three of whom are now living, Henry J., John Q. and Celia Beemer.

     William Smith, who lived on the East Fork, was quite an early settler, and a most excellent man.  His wife, who lived to be nearly a hundred years old, was an admirable type of the pioneer woman, and was much esteemed.  The family came from Belmont County to Malaga, Monroe County, and thence, some years later, to Duck Creek.  Smith  became well-to-do, and reared a large family.

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     The early settlers of this township were among the earliest in the county.  They were located along the East Fork of Duck Creek and its branches, and, beginning about three miles below Carlisle, they were Enoch Grandon, Jacob Sailor, Enoch Enochs, Elisha Enochs, John McBride, Martin Crow, Isaac Morris, the Archer and Enoch familes, Jacob Archer, Simon Archer, Michael Archer, Joseph Archer, James Archer and Jacob Archer.

     John McBride was one of the earliest settlers, and erected one of the earliest mills in the settlement.  His wife was Tenah Crow, sister of Martin Crow, the hunter.

     Sailor's Run, a stream flowing into Duck Creek, about two miles below Carlisle, is so named after Jacob Sailor, an early settler on this stream.  Jacob Sailor's wife was Esther Crow, a sister to the Crow girls, who were killed by Indians near Wheeling, in 1791.  On Sailor's Run was the last Indian camp in this part of the country.  It was occupied by a party of Indian hunters in 1812.  None were ever seen here after that year, all deserting the country to engage in war.
     Jacob Sailor is said to have built the first hewed log house on the creek.  He sold out to William Smith prior to 1830, and removed to Indiana.  Smith came from Monroe County.

     James Farley, one of the early pioneers, was born in South Carolina in 1777.  His parents removed to Virginia when he was quite young, and thence to Greene County, Pa.  There, in the year 1800 he married Mary Cackler, who was born in 1783.  They had eleven children: Susannah, William, Isaac, Elizabeth, Ezekiel, Nancy, Silas, Isaiah, Joshua, Annie and Joseph.  The four were born in Monroe (now Noble) County.  The family came to this county in 1815, and after being here about two years brought out their father and mother, David and Mary (Aiken) Farley.
     James Farley was a thorough temperance man - such were rarely found in early years, when whisky was a popular beverage.  The family were prominent Methodists and he was class-leader many years  He died May 7, 1854, in his seventy-seventh year, and his wife in 1859, at the same age

     Silas Farley, a well-known old resident, was born in Greene County, Pa., in 1814, and came to Ohio with his parents when ten months old.  In 1833 he married Elizabeth Rhodes, by whom he hasd seven children:  James S., who died at the age of three years; Susannah (Rodecker), George W., Mary M. (first married to a Calland and second to Heiddleston), Charles W., Joseph H. and Henry W.  Mr. Farley followed farming for several years, but for twenty years has been engaged in butchering in Summerfield.  For fifteen years he has also dealt in live stock and farmed also.  The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal church.  Mr. Farley has been a licensed local preacher in the church for forty years and has preached far and near.  He preached in Olive, before Caldwell was pro

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jected.  He is a Republican and an earnest one.  Three of his sons - George, Charles Wesley and Joseph - were in the late war, Wesley serving three years.

     Among the early settlers there was just as wide a divergence of religious belief as exists to-day.  There were men of all creeds and of no creed.  The family of Elisha Enochs were noted Methodists, and one of the sons, Abraham, was one of the most celebrated backwoods preachers in this region of country.  He was eccentric, awkward, uncultured, plain and blunt in his speech, and yet earnest and effective.
     Through the efforts of Elisha Enochs, James Farley and Isaac Morris, the earliest church in this part of the country was organized.
     The first generation of Archers were Catholics, and most of them held to that faith for many years.  Michael Archer remained through life one of the pillars of the Catholic church.  His brothers, Simon and Nathan, were also Catholics.  Three other brothers - James, Joseph and Jacob - became Methodists.  Michael Archer was the founder of St. Michael's Catholic church.
     Perhaps the most remarkable thing about the early settlers was the size of hte families which they reared.  One example will suffice.  In seven families near Carlisle were over ninety children.  The names of the heads of the families and the number of their children, as nearly as can now be recollected, were as follows:  Elisha Enochs, 16 children; John McBride, 10 or more; Isaac Morris, 11; James Farley, 11; Martin Crow, 10; Eli Curtis, 14; Daniel Mallett, 17.
     About 1818, Nicholas Gasaway erected a small mill.  It was at first arranged only to grind corn.  It was of a primitive style.  The millstones were obtained near Summerfield.  John Biven put in a bolt, and the mill was arranged so that wheat could be ground.  Eli Curtis and Asa Barton had horse mills early.  Many of the early settlers had hand-mills.
     Many of the early settlers wore garments of deerskin, and some are yet living who recall the days when "buckskin breeches" and moccasins were in fashion.  Barnesville was the nearest trading point until Olive, and afterward, Summerfield, came into being.  Powder was a much needed articles, squirrels being so numerous that raising corn was impossible, unless th efarmer or his boys spent a good deal of time in shooting then.  James Archer made powder of the use of himself and neighbors.

     Eli Curtis built the first brick house in the township, in the year 1828.  John Biven did the carpenter work for him.  In those days a brick building was looked upon as an unprecendented piece of extravagance.  Martin Crow, Enoch Grandon, William Smith and John McBride erected brick houses from 1836 to 1840.  James Archer (of Joseph) erected the first brick house near East Union about 1841.

     The following was related to the writer by an old resident:

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     Among the earliest settlers and pioneer hunters of the East Fork were Martin Crow and Enoch Enochs, who lived in the vicinity of Carlisle, and hunted through all the surrounding country.  Crow was a veritable backwoodsman, skilled as a hunter and trapper.  He was hired by the month by the elder Enochs to hunt and kill fur-bearing animals and beasts of prey, and so great was the revenue derived from the sale of the skins and the bounties paid for the scalps of certain animals, that his employer found the business quite profitable.  In one of their hunting expeditions Martin and Enoch got a bear in a sink-hole, in which there was three or four feet of water.  A log lay across the pool of water, and Martin, in attempting to cross upon it, by some means lost his footing and fell, coming down astride of the bear's back.  Here was an unpleasant situation, but the old hunter was equal to the emergency.  Taking a firm hold of the bear's neck on each side, he kept the animal's head upright to prevent being bitten.  The water was not so deep that Martin could not stand on the bottom, but the bear was swimming, and Martin held on and rode him around the pool several times.  Enoch, standing and watching the performance, dared not fire at the bear for fear of wounding his companion.  Martin at length succeeded in getting the bear's head in a favorable position, and ordered Enoch to fire.  The latter blazed away, his shot took effect, and the hunter was speedily released from his unpleasant predicament.
     The first of the Yankee settlers was Eli Curtis, a wide-awake, progressive man.  He came from Massachusetts in 1816, and was one of the first in the township to occupy a hill farm.  About the same time came Sylvanus Baldwin.  Other Yankee settlers who came in 1820, or earlier, were Asa, Eli and Jonas Barton, John Biven, Ezra Curtis and Jonathan Curtis, the father of Eli.  Daniel Blake, from Maine, was a shoemaker, who settled early near Carlisle.  He committed suicide by taking laudanum.

     Eli Curtis had an early horse-mill, also a distillery.

     In 1820 John Biven, from Massachusetts, settled on the farm where his son Jesse S. Biven now lives.  He was a man of intelligence, and served many years as justice of the peace.  He was also a local preacher of the Methodist Episcopal church.
     Among the methods adopted by the early settlers for obtaining money with which to pay for their lands, were the making and selling of maple sugar; digging and marketing ginseng and snake-root; killing wild turkeys and deer and disposing of their carcasses in Marietta.  Some also derived considerable revenue from bounties paid for wolf scalps, and from the sale of the skins of animals.
     The early settlers had no orchards, and to obtain apples they went to the Yankee settlement in the vicinity of Lower Salem, Washington County, getting a supply in the fall and paying for them with maple sugar in the following spring.  Martin

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Crow and Joseph Archer, probably, had the first orchards in the township which were planted prior to 1820  John Bivens set out trees in 1820 which he brought from Barnesville.  Some of them are still living and producing apples.  One of the trees once bore a hundred bushels of apples in one year.  At least, there were over eighty bushels by actual measurement, and it was estimated that not less than twenty bushels had been fed to the hogs before the harvesting began.

     Asa Nisswonger was born in Greene County, Pa., in 1811.  He came to Ohio with his father, John Nisswonger, and family in 1813, arriving and settling where Carlisle now is, September 13.  Mr. Nisswonger has probably lived longer in Stock Township than any other man now living.  His father died in 1830.  He was the father of eight children, four of whom are still living, all in this county - Mary (Miller), Susannah (Barnes), Asa and John.

     About 1816 the road district extended from Carlisle to Woodsfield.  A road had then been "bushed out" between those two points and there was a trail leading to where East Union now is, an thence to Bates' mill.
     The year 1816 was unusually severe upon the early settlers.  There was some frost every month in the year.  The scanty crops were rendered still less than usual, and many families were compelled to depend largely upon game for food.  In 1818, on the 2d of February, came the heaviest fall of snow ever known in Ohio.  From sunrise to sunset twenty-six inches fell.  Then came a heavy thunder storm and rain, clearing off cold.  A crust formed upon the snow thick enough to bear a horse.  The snow remained until may.
     Wolves  were very numerous and troublesome for many years.  Silas Farley, whose father came to the township in 1815, recalls hearing a disturbance among the cattle of his uncle, Martin Crow.  His father went out to investigate, and the cattle fled, greatly frightened, into Mr. Crow's yard.  There is was discovered that a heifer had been attacked and badly torn by wolves.  It was very rarely that they touched cattle but sheep had to be guarded constantly. 
     Mar. 4, 1822, the commissioners of Monroe County erected the township of Franklin, composed of the sixth township in the seventh range.  Twelve sections of the present township of Stock were therefore included, and two of the present township of Elk.
     The genesis of Stock Township is as follows:  Sections 25 to 36 inclusive, of township 6, range 7, formerly belonged to Franklin Township, Monroe County; sections 1, 2, 3, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of township 6, range 8, to Enoch Township, 27, 34, 35, 36, of township 7, range 8, to Union Township, Monroe County.
     In the Franklin portion of the township were the following owners of real estate in 1833, as is shown by

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the Monroe County tax duplicate for that year - the earliest now on record:

     John Biven, Asa Barton, Daniel Blake, Eli Curtis, Ezra Curtis, Jonathan Curtis, Benjamin Forshey, John Gilleanor, Nicholas Gasaway, Enoch Grandon, Joshua Richardson, James Rownd, James M. Rownd, William Smith, Thomas Stockwell, Rufus Merry.
     In the six sections which came from Union Township were the following property owners in the same year:  Nathan Archer, James Archer, Sr., Joseph Archer, Michael Archer, Jacob Archer, Simon Archer, James Archer, Jr., George Brown, Martin Crow, William Campbell, David Cunningham, Henry enoch's heirs, James Farley, Thomas Lanam, Isaac Morris, John Nisswonger's heirs, Ruth Osborn, Patrick Reppard, William G. Shankland, James Tuttle, William Young,
     In the sections which formerly belonged to the old township of Enoch, the taxpayers were as follows:  Elisha Enoch, Jesse Enoch, Nathan Archer, Bernard Grandon, William Smith and John McBride.
     The foregoing names embrace those of all the landholders of the township in 1833 and are an authentic list of its early settlers, with an occasional non-resident among them.
     Jesse Davis, who lived near Harriettsville, was a brother-in-law of Isaac Morris.  Davis was no hunter, but Morris was very successful with the gun.  One day David solicited the aid of his brother-in-law in obtaining a supply of wild meat for the family.  As they were going down a hill on James Farley's farm, Davis saw an object some distance ahead, and pausing asked," Who in this neighborhood has a black cow?" "Nobody," returned Morris.  "But there is one ahead." "Where?" "Right down there," said Davis, pointing with his finger.  Morris' eyes rested for a moment on the "black cow," then his gun was quickly brought to his shoulder, and an instant later a huge black bear was struggling in the throes of death.
     In a small log building below Carlisle, James Rownd taught school in the winter of 1814.  Mulholland, Mitchell, Atkinson, Robet Crawford and David Rowe were other early teachers.
     Other early schools were taught in the old log meeting-house was built on Nicholas Gasaway's farm, where Church Tuttle was the first teacher.  Carlisle has long maintained excellent schools.  The present school-house is a large two-story building.
     On the hill west of Carlisle, in 1816, Nathan Lincicome killed the last elk ever seen along the creek.
     Soon after the Enochs and the Grandons, Thomas and Solomon Forshey and David Sutton settled above Carlisle.  They left the country in early years.
     Among the present inhabitants of the township are about forty-five German voters.  They are thrifty and industrious citizens and have made commendable progress since

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their coming.  The German immigration began about 1840.
     The township contains some of the most valuable and best improved farms in Noble County.
     The history of an Archer family has been so fully detailed elsewhere in this chapter that farther mention of any other member of the family is unnecessary.  Martin V. Archer was born on a farm adjoining the one where he now resides in 1840.  His father, Elijah, reared a family of ten children, nine of whom are living:  Martin V., Nancy G. (Warfield), Sebastian, Robert, Rhoda (deceased), Matilda, Martha (Bates), William, Charles, Mary O. (Crumb).  Martin V. has been twice married; his first wife, Tabitha J. Shipley, died in 1868; one child - Nancy E. (Coleman).  His second wife was Miss Sarah J. Riddle whom he married in 1869.  They have an adopted son, Cassius M. Carpenter, an intelligent and worthy young man.  Mr. Archer is a stock-grower, and resides on the farm first settled by his Uncle William.  He is a worthy member of the Catholic church.

     Absalom Archer was born in Noble County in 1820.  He married Miss Rhoda, daughter of George Swaney, a soldier of the War of 1812.  They had a family of seven children:  Isaac, Adalilne, George W., John, Nancy A., Andrew J. and Aaron.  Isaac was a member of Company G, One hundred and Eighty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and died in the service.  Adaline was twice married, first to Harey Smith, who died in the army, a member of Company G, One Hundred and Eight-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry.  Her second husband was Thomas McGovern.  George W. married Mary Wakley.  John is dead; Nancy, deceased.  Aaron was born in Stock in 1844, married Miss Dorcas C. Riddle.  They have four children: Isaac, Columbia A., Arthur and Sarah N.  Mr. Archer belonged to Company G, One Hundred and Eighty-sixth Regiment.  He was at Chattanooga, Tenn., and was injured by the explosion of an arsenal, in which six were killed.

     John Enoch, grandson of Elisha Enoch, the pioneer, was born in Stock Township, Nov. 28, 1835.  His father, Abraham, was born in 1810 and now resides in Riley County, Kan.  John Enoch married Miss Martha Morris, in 1856.  They have four children:  James L., Nancy A. (McCalley), Elizabeth C. and Charles M.  Mr. Enoch was a member of the One Hundred and Ninety-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was mustered out in June, 1865, on account of disability.  He is a prominent member of the Grand Army of the Republic, and a respected citizen.

     Daniel Bates was born in 1803 and married in 1827 Miss Jane Heddleson.  They reared a family of six children.  About 1837 he entered 340 acres of land in Stock Township, upon which he still resides.  He has officiated as township trustee.  He and his wife were among the original members of the Pleasant Hill Methodist Episcopal church.  Isaac Bates was born near Sarahsville, Noble County, in 1829, and was

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married in 1849 to Miss Hannah Lowe.  She died Dec. 5, 1884.  Apr. 4, 1886, Mr. Bates was again married, to Mrs. Harriet Riddle.  Mr. Bates was a soldier in the War of the Rebellion as a private in the One Hundredth and Ninety-fourth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry.  Mr. Bates owns a portion of the old homestead and is one of the prosperous farmers of the township; is a prominent member of the Methodist Episcopal church in which he has been a steward for twenty years.

     John King was born in West Virginia, in 1800.  HE came in 1815 and settled on what is known as the Smith farm in Stock Township; he became the owner of five hundred acres of land near East Union.  He died in 1877, aged seventy-seven years.  His wife died in 1879.  Their children were Samuel, Nancy, John, Elijah, Nelson, Hannah, William and Martha.  Samuel was born in 1825, and married in 1847 Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Samuel Snyder.  They have twelve children:  Martha, John W., Rachel J., James S., Melissa, Albert, Charles H., Robert S., Abraham, Josephine, Ruth A. and Lucy B.
     Samuel enlisted in the One Hundred and Eighty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Company G, and was discharged September, 1865; is a prosperous farmer and a good and valuable citizen.

     Michael Riddle was born in Fayette County, Pa., Sept. 9, 1813.  In 1816 his parents, Moses A. and Mary, moved to Mississippi, raised a crop and gathered it.  The Indians became very hostile, and they were compelled to leave everything they had.  They came to Ashland, Ohio, where he entered 160 acres of land.  In 1820 the family removed to the vicinity of Sarahsville, Noble County, Ohio; thence to Middleburg, where the elder Riddle was elected justice of the peace.  The location not being a satisfactory one, the family returned to Ashland, Ohio, in1833, where he bought 160 acres of land.  In 1839 he moved to Holmes County, Ohio, entered eighty acres of land, and in 1841 returned to Noble County, Ohio; and after several changes, settled near Fulda, where he lived until he died, in 1847.  His wife died in 1857.  Both were exemplary members of the Christian Church.
     Michael Riddle, son of Moses A. Riddle, was married May 7, 1840 to Miss Susannah Lindcicome.  Eight children have been born to them - Mary A. (Grandon), Phebe E. (Morrison), Sarah J. (Archer), Cordelia (Archer), Michael, Jr. (died Feb. 19, 1887), Almond, Leonard, Martha A. (died Mar. 12, 1861).  Mr. Riddle commenced life in a pioneer cabin, and on a farm of forty acres of valuable land which is unincumbered.  He has always taken a marked interest in educational matters.  Both he and his wife are worthy members of the Christian church.  Nathan Lindcicome, the father of Mrs. Riddle, came from Eastern Virginia, and settled in Noble County, Ohio.  He bought forty acres of land near East Union, and lived there until his decease, which lived there until his decease, which was Feb. 28, 1845.

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He was in the War of 1812, and was a noted hunter.  He killed the last bear that was ever seen in Noble County, near the residence of Mr. Riddle.

     James Calland came from Scotland to this county about 1819 with his parents, Joseph and Elizabeth.  They settled near Summerfield, where the elder Calland died in 1832.  His wife lived until 1879, when she died at the remarkable age of ninety-four years.  They were prominent Methdists.  James Calland married Miss Ara A. Ogg.  By this union there were three children - Robert, Mary E. (Wilson) and Sarah E. (Bell).  Mrs. Calland died in 1848, and in 1853 he was again married to Miss Lucy Stanley.  They had four children - Diantha A. (King), Clement (dead), Mary C. (dead), Urana (dead).  Soon after his first marriage Mr. Calland sold his farm near Summerfield, and bought the place he now owns in Stock.  He is a member of the United Brethren church, in which organization he is a local preacher.  Joseph Calland, Jr., was married in 1868 to Miss Hester A. Osborn.  They have three children - Wilbur, Lillie and Eliza A.  Nov. 6, 1863, Mr. Calland enlisted in the Ninety-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry; was with Sherman on his "march to the sea," and all engagements in which his regiment participated but one.  He has served his fellow townsmen as trustee; is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church and the Grand Army of the Republic.

     Henry W. Heidelsheimer, merchant at Carlisle, was born in Germany in 1830, and came to Noble County in 1850, where he has since resided.  He enlisted in August, 1861, in Company G, Seventh West Virginia Infantry.  He was promoted to second lieutenant in September, 1862; resigned in February, 1864; re-enlisted in March, 1865, in the One Hundred and Eighty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry; and was discharged in October, 1865.  Mr. Heidelsheimer is among the most prominent merchants of the county.

     Philip Snyder, still living at the age of eight years, came from Germany in 1833, and after living some years in Wheeling, removed to this county in 1840.  He began right in the woods, but succeeded in securing a good farm, good buildings, a fine orchard, etc., as the reward of his industry.  His first wife was the mother of Mary, Catharine, John, Henry Matilda and Elizabeth.  In 1843 he married Eva, daughter of John Schoeppner.

     Henry Snyder was born in 1846 on the farm where he now resides.  In 1873 he married Mary, daughter of John Stenernagel; children: Alexander and Antonia.  Mrs. Snyder died in 1880, and in 1883 he married Eva, daughter of Valentine Vogel, of this county; children: Leonard, Rosa.

     John Bramhall, son of Robert Bramhall, was born in Belmont County, Ohio, in 1833.  His father was a native of Columbiana County, thence removed to Belmont, where he died in 1842, leaving his widow

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and five children:  William, Edward, Cornelia A., Robert (who died in the army) and John.  John came to this county in 1842, and was married in 1853 to Miss Sarah A. King.  They have a family of eight children:  William R., Robert L., Mary A., Martha (Thompson), Ida (Hare), Minnie, John W. and Charles F.  Mr. Bramhall was a member of Company G, One Hundred and Eighty-sixth Regiment, holding the position of first lieutenant, and he was mustered out of the service in June of 1865.  He has served his fellow townsmen as trustee for two terms, besides filling several minor offices.  At this time he is one of the magistrates of the township.  For thirty years he has been a worthy member of the Masonic fraternity.

     John G. J. Smith came from Monongahela County, Va., about 1849 and settled at Carlisle, where he resided until 1875, when he removed to Monroe County, Ind., where he owns a fine farm of 420 acres.  His children were Louisa (Rhodes), Caroline (Williams), Irwin, Mary E. (Stevens), Harriet (Curtis), Columbia (who was twice married), first to Church Hesson; she then became Mrs. William McConnell); Nancy and Adelaide (both died in infancy), Helen (McConnell), Charles, Ida (Tage) and Iret.
     The elder Smith was a thorough-going farmer and held many township positions, which he filled creditably.  He was pronounced temperance man and a worthy member of the Methodist Episcopal church, Irwin was a private in the One Hundred and Sixteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry.  Iret was born in 1851, and in 1872 married Miss Mary J. Price; two children: Alice L. and Mary L.  The parents are members of the Methodist Episcopal church.  

     John Hesson, son of William Hesson, was born in 1826 and came to Noble County in 1847, settling near Carlisle.  His father came in 1846 and settled near Middleburg, where he remained about fifteen years, when he returned to Belmont, where he engaged in the milling business.  After about five years he returned to Noble and purchased a farm near Carlisle, where he resided until his decease in1882, leaving his widow and seven children.  John Hesson was married Nov. 4, 1847, to Miss Louisa Tuttle, of Monroe County.  She died in 1868, and in 1872 he was again married to Miss Maria Mallet.  He was a member of Company E, Thirty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and for disability was discharged in the fall of 1862.

     G. C. Van Fosen was born in Belmont County, Ohio, in 1838, and came to Noble County in 1843.  In 1858 he married Miss Sarah, daughter of Joseph Foreshey  They have eight children:  Martha (Slack), George B., Joseph, Amanda (Crum), Willard, Charles, Samuel and Silas.  Mr. Van Fosen is a worthy member of the Masonic and Odd Fellows' organizations, and a successful farmer.

     Richard Warfield came from Monroe County to Noble in 1832.  He married Miss Nancy, daughter of

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William Smith, in 1832 and reared a family of eight children: William S., James, John, Nelson, Mary A. (Dailey), Sarah E., Lydia J. and Mathias.  The elder Warfield was a teacher and physician.  He also followed his trade that of silversmith and stone-mason.  He was beside a practical surveyor and farmer.  He died in 1856, aged fifty-two years.  James Warfield married, in 1855, Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Nathan Archer.  They had a family of ten children: Mary, Emoretta, Francis A., Cordelia J. (Crum), Charles E., Sarah E., Richard O., Nancy M., Ida Estella, Cary E.  Mr. Warfield is a progressive farmer and a member of the Methodist Episcopal church.  He is a very reputable and valued citizen.

     John Mason was born Dec. 2, 1822, in Greene County, Pa.  In 1826 the family removed to Belmont County, Ohio.  In his father's family there were twelve children: William, Henry, Elisha, Mary, Eliza, George, James, Sarah Jane, Samuel, Rachel, Francis M. and John.  The elder Mason was a farmer, and served in the War of 1812.  He was a member of the Christian church, and died in 1865, aged seventy years.  Rachel, his wife, was born in 1793, and died in 1884.  John Mason, Jr., came to Noble County in 1847, and settled on land entered by his father.  He married Miss Sarah, daughter of James White, of Monroe County.  They had four children, three of whom are living:  William C., James M., Emily A., Albert L. (deceased).  Mr. and Mrs. Mason are members of the Christian church, in which he has been an elder.  He aided in the organization of the Mt. Pleasant Christian church, and has contributed largely to its support.  He takes an interest in educational matters, and contributes to  their welfare and support.  Mr. Mason is a large landholder and a prosperous farmer, and one of the substantial citizens of the county.

     Miles Mallett was born in what is now Stock Township in 1819.  He began life poor, but by industry and good management he has accumulated a fine competency, and owns nearly one thousand acres of land.  He married, in 1844, Miss Margaret Heiddleston, and reared a family of ten children.  Joseph was born in 1854, and at the age of twenty-one was married to Miss Mary McVeigh.  He is a prosperous farmer.

     Joseph Michel came to this township from Wheeling in1842.  He first bought forty acres, but afterward added to it 105 acres.  He died in 1881 at the age of seventy-nine.  His children were John, Catharine (Heil), Elizabeth (Miller), Mary (Hill), Barbara (deceased), and Joseph (deceased.)

     John Michel was born in Wheeling, W. Va., in 1839, and came to this county with his parents.  In 1866 he married Eva, daughter of John D. Hill.  Their children are: Catharine (Miller), Henry, Leonard, Alexander, Ottilda, Joseph, Mary A. and Edward.  Mr. Michel resides on the old homestead, which he bought in 1866.  He has since added 167 acres.

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     Joseph C. Kean came from Pennsylvania in 1832, and settled near Woodsfield, Monroe County.  Five years later he removed to Morgan County, where William J. was born in 1840.  The elder Kean was a stonemason by trade.  He married Miss Eva Draper.  Their children were:  John T., William J., Isaac P. (deceased), George O. (deceased), James B., Albert N. (died in infancy), and Perley B.  William J. was married in 1865 to Maria Cavanaugh.  They have three children: Mary B. (McAuley), George O., a teacher, and Charles M.
     In June of 1861 Mr. McKean became a member of the Twenty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served four years.  He was engaged in the battles of Cheat Mountain, second battle of Manassas, Chancellorsville, Freeman's Ford, Culpeper Court House, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Jacksonville, and several minor engagements also.  John T., Isaac P., James B. and Perley B. were also in the service.  Mr. Kean came to this county in 1874.  In 1886 he began merchandising at Carlisle.  He has followed various vocations - steamboating, farming, etc.  By trade he is a stone-mason.

CARLISLE.

     James Major, a shoemaker, was an early settler.  William Driggs operated a tannery for five or six years, and was succeeded by Lawrence & Heiddleston and S. J. Curtis.  In later years James Capell built a steam grist-mill, which was afterward destroyed by fire.
     Succeeding Mott in the mercantile business were Moses Morton, James Boyd, Samuel J. Boyd, B. F. Penn, who came about 1846, and is still a resident of the place, and H. W. Heiddlesheimer.
     In 1880 the population of Carlisle was 157.
     In former years a large among of tobacco was packed in this place and shipped to Baltimore.  Few of the merchants found the business profitable when long continued.
     The business interests of Carlisle in the fall of 1886 were as follows:  H. W. Heiddlesheimer, R. W. Smith,

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general merchants; William J. Kean, Mack Heil, grocers; Richard Iams, hotel proprietor; William McBride, Gideon McBride, blacksmiths; Henry Johanning, wagon-maker; Mack Heil, shoemaker; William Collins has a grist-mill about a mile from the village.

EAST UNION

CHURCHES

     Carlisle Methodist Episcopal Church -

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     East Union Methodist Church -

     Mount Tabor Churches -

     The Free Methodist Church at Mount Tabor was organized in 1875 by Rev. William H. James, of Michigan.  There were nine original members.  The church was built in 1876 at a cost of about $600.  The present membership is about thirty.

     St. Michael's Church -

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BIOGRAPHICAL.

BENNY PENN

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STEPHEN M. ARCHER

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THOMAS McGOVERN

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THE BARNES FAMILY.