DISEASES.

     The prevailing diseases during the period of the early settlements were of miasmatic origin, and most prevalent in the autumnal months.  Some seasons hardly an inhabitant escaped.  Occasionally the fevers were especially malignant.  The remittent for of fever was generally, however, amendable to treatment, but still always regarded as a serious malady.  When not of the pernicious or congestive type, the cases were usually promptly relieved by remedies.  This was, however, by no means so with the chronic intermittent, or ague, which was also most prevalent in the fall, and yet had a fashion of staying around during the rest of the year.  When the attack occurred daily, or every second or third day, its coming on was seldom a surprise.  Its pale and sallow victims were often discouraged by the recurrence of the disease upon the slightest exposure.  They wearied of the doctor's monotonously bitter doses, and themselves scoured the woods, plucking and digging after indigenous "sure cures."  It was an open quesiton among the people whether it were better to try any cure at all, or to bravely "wear it out."
     As prevalent as miasmatic fevers were in those days, the improvement of the country gradually effected a decided change for the better, until now Sandusky County is as free from this class of disease as any part of northwestern Ohio.  Within recent years this region has enjoyed a fair degree of exemption from epidemic diseases.  The year 1834 was probably the most dreadful in the history of this locality, made so by a terrible cholera scourge.  In August of that year a boat load of emigrants came from Buffalo, among whom was a traveling man.  The traveler, upon the arrival of the boat at our landing, came up to the old Western House, then the leading hotel of northwestern Ohio.  A man named Marsh was the landlord.
     The emigrants encamped on the bottom near the landing.  During the night, after his arrival, the stranger in the hotel was taken sick.  He requested the presence of a brother Mason.  Harvey I. Harmon was sent for and attended the stranger until he died the next morning.  Drs. Brainard and Rawson pronounced cholera the cause of death.  The village was panic stricken.  Harmon in a couple of days died, and then Marsh, the landlord of the Western House, and his wife died.  All who could get away left town, and with few exceptions, those who could not get away closed their houses and admitted no one.  The Olmsteds went into the country, leaving their store and the postoffice in charge of Mr. Homer Everett.  Dr. Brainard was himself attacked but recovered.  At the beginning of the scourge death followed attack quickly.  The emigrants' camp down by the landing was a place of indescribable suffering.  Many of them died without attendance, and the living could scarce bury the dead.  Joel Everett, a brother of Homer Everett, was one day passing this encampment on his way home from Lower Sandusky.  He had not gone far before the dread disease compelled him to stop.  The neighbors dared not take him into their homes, but built a tent over him by the roadside and provided a bed. on which he

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died the following day. He was buried near his lonely death-bed.
     The scourge lasted about three weeks, and the percentage of mortality was large.  During the whole time Mr. Brown, Mr. Birchard, Judge Jaques Hulburd and Dr. Rawson made themselves eminently useful in caring for the sick and burying the dead.  Homer Everett acted as a general commissary, having the keys of nearly all the stores, with instructions to take out whatever was needed.  Most of the merchants left town.  About one month elapsed before the disease was wholly eradicated.
     In 1849 when the cholera visited Sandusky City with such frightful mortality, there were one or two deaths among those who had taken refuge here, but it did not spread.  Almost every family forsook the town.  There were also one or two deaths in 1854, and two cases, both fatal, in 1866.  An epidemic of cerebrospinal meningitis, not affecting large numbers, but charteristically fatal, occurred in 1847-48 in Lower Sandusky, and vicinity.  This disease has reappeared two or three times since, and was the cause of several deaths.
     During the latter part of the winter of 1848-49 an exceedingly malignant type of erysipelas prevailed in the town and throughout the county.  It attacked many and was very fatal.  Among those who fell victims were two physicians, Drs. A. H. Brown and B. F. Williams.  In 1856 dysentery prevailed and caused many deaths. Fremont has enjoyed a remarkable exemption from diphtheria, for although since about 1857-58 this dreadful malady has carried off a small number during several consecutive years, the disease never at any time prevailed extensively in the town.  It has, however, been in some seasons very destructive in various neighborhoods in different parts of the county.  As miasmatic fevers grew less prevalent, typhoid fever seemed in some measure to take their place, and appears now to be firmly implanted.  This fever is fully as prevalent, if not indeed more so, in the country than in towns, and appears to be traceable to local causes within the reach of practicable means of prevention.  The first appearance of scarlet fever is believed to have been about the year 1852, when, it occurred in a malignant form, and since that year, although it has occurred on several occasions, the disease has been confined to a few families, and has not been very fatal.  Cases of smallpox have now and then been witnessed, but the disease has never spread among our people to any great or alarming extent.

MILK SICKNESS

     In parts of Green Creek, Riley and Townsend Townships, and perhaps in some other localities, in early times, when cattle ran at large for pasturage, the strange disease known as "milk sickness" or "the trembles," prevailed.  It was often fatal, and where not it left the person attacked enfeebled in constitution.  Its cause is not known, but is supposed to be from vegetation of some kind eaten by cattle, which in case of milch cows affects the milk and its products, butter, cheese, etc.  The drinking of the milk or eating the butter or cheese, or the meat of the animal affected communicates the disease to man.  The symptoms were in part, extreme languor and lassitude; trembling and weakness of the limbs, especially the lower extremities; impaired appetite, sickening sensation at the stomach with retching
and vomiting; a peculiar offensive breath, great oppression of the heart and nerve depression.  The disease disappeared with the clearing up of the country and the use of enclosed or tame pastures for cattle.
The pioneers of Sandusky County who endured great privations were, by the force of circumstances, unable to avoid miasmatic diseases which inevitably result where, in such a climate as this, the virgin soil, with its rank vegetation is first exposed to the rays of the sun by work done with the ax and the plow.  Prolonged cultivation, however, diminishes, if it does not finally entirely remove the conditions favorable to the causation of such diseases.  The case is far different, however, with many of the diseases against which we are now called upon to contend, and which are produced by decaying matter supplied by living beings.  In our cities, villages and country places not sufficient attention is paid to the prevention of contamination of wells and springs supplying water used for drinking.  In many situations the water thus used is

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rendered noxious by such sources of contamination; and not until the importance of this condition of affairs is fully realized in its relation to modern sanitary science, can we hope to wipe out those diseases, which are now regarded by the medical profession as practically preventable.
     Since the early settlement of the county great progress has been made in the science and practice of medicine and surgery in many ways.  Pain has been robbed, to a great extent, of its terrors by the use of ether and chloroform as anæsthetics in surgery, something unknown in the profession prior to about 1845.  By their use the patient now passes into a quiet sleep and awakes to find it all over, with a hopeful recovery, depending upon careful nursing.  Hospitals for the sick with intelligent trained nurses to carry out the physician's instructions arc at hand.  The tenors of hydrophobia have been relieved by the Pasteur cure, discovered in 1865.  The germ theory of many diseases has been demonstrated and with it their prevention or cure.
     We now have improved forms for the administration of remedies, by which the disgust in taking them is overcome.  Gelatine capsules, sugar-coated pills and tablets and cod liver emulsions, make their administration less disagreeable and much more likely to be faithfully followed according to the doctor's directions.  The thermometer to register, the stages of temperature in fevers is a recent invention.
The use of carbolic and bichloride of mercury and formaldehyde as antiseptics and disinfectants is of recent origin.  Cocaine in dentistry and minor surgery as a local anesthetic is also of recent use.  Quinine was not discovered until 1820.  The percentage of mortality in the dreaded diphtheria has been greatly reduced by the discovery and use of antitoxin.  The history of medicine would not be complete
without reference to these discoveries, which have proved such inestimable boons to the sick and the suffering.  On the tomb of Dr. Morton, of Boston, who first demonstrated the use of ether in surgery, appears the following inscription:
"Inventor and revealer of the anaesthetic inhalation, before whom in all time surgery was agony, and by whom pain in surgery was averted and annulled since whom science has controlled pain."
     It is said of Dr. Simpson, of Edinburgh, who in 1847 inaugurated the use of chloroform as an anæsthetic tested it upon himself in the presence of his family.  Coming into the dining room he took from his packet a vial and poured a few drops of its contents into a glass, held it up saying: "See, this will turn the world upside down."  Then inhaling the liquid fell down insensible, greatly frightening the family.
     Among the many objections he met with was one seriously presented that it was wicked to render one insensible to pain, as it was a curse pronounced on the race through Adam's fall.  He met this by quoting the scripture where it is written that God in removing the rib from Adam to make a woman, "caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam and Adam slept; and he took one of his ribs and closed up the flesh thereof!"

EARLY PHYSICIANS.
LOWER SANDUSKY: FREMONT

     Dr. Goodwin was probably the first physician to locate in the village of Lower Sandusky.  He came soon after the garrison was removed.  His meagre income was increased somewhat by teaching school.  He was eccentric, and was especially noticeable on account of his frontier dress, which he continued to wear for several years.  He left here after about ten years.

     Dr. Hastings came to Lower Sandusky about 1816.  He was a man of refined manners and general scholarship.  In his profession he was successful, and had considerable practice, but it was of the laborious and unprofitable character, not differing in this respect from the practice of all the pioneer physicians.  He left her in 1828.

     Dr. Holloway was another of the pioneer doctors, but we are unable to learn anything about him.  He remained but a short time.

     Dr. Daniel Brainard, a native of New York, began the practice of medicine in Lower Sandusky in 1819, and continued for a period of about forty years.  He ranked among the first practitioners in northwester Ohio, and for many years his practice embraced the settlements included by a line running east of Bellevue, south ar far as Fort Seneca, west to Por-

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tage River and north to the lake.  Perhaps no man ever lived in the county who had a more varied experience in the pioneer life.  He was here when the country east and west was a roadless expanse of dark, damp forests.  Lower Sandusky was an expansion of this forest path, which Indian romance and military history had already celebrated.  He was one of the first Free Masons in Lower Sandusky, and a member of the Fort Stephenson Lodge after the revival of Masonry.  Brainard Lodge was named in his honor.  His funeral was conducted with Masonic honors.  Dr. Brainard died in 1859, just forty years after beginning his useful career in this county.

     Drs. Brown and Anderson are two physicians of the earlier period.  Both were at different times partners of Dr. Rawson.  Dr. Anderson was a partner of Dr. Rawson during the cholera scourge of 1834.  Dr. Brown was a merchant of that time and made himself conspicuously useful.  He afterwards practiced medicine with a fair degree of success, but was all the time more or less interested in mercantile pursuits.  He died of erysipelas during the epidemic of 1818-10.

     Dr. B. F. Williams was born in Chautauqua County, New York. June 27, 1811, and came to Lower Sandusky in October, 1822.  He attended school at the academy of Sangerfield, New York; he returned to Lower Sandusky in 1879.  He afterward went to Cincinnati, where he graduated in 1836, then returning to Lower Sandusky, where he began the practice of medicine, continuing in the harness until his death, Feb. 9, 1849, from erysipelas, contracted during the erysipelas epidemic.

     Dr. La Q. Rawson was born at Irvington, Franklin County, Massachusetts, Sept. 14, 1804.  In 1824 he came to Ohio and studied medicine.  In 1826 he was granted license to practice by the Ohio Medical Society.  In 1827 he commenced practice in Lower Sandusky, where his life was spent, except during an interval of three years while he was absent further pursuing his medical education.  He secured the degree of M. D. at the Ohio Medical College, 1834, and also the degree of M. D. ad cundem in the University of Pennsylvania.  He continued to practice until 1855.  During his career as a physician he secured complimentary diplomas of membership in the Cincinnati Medical Society, the Philadelphia Medical Society and in the Ohio Medical Lyceum of Cincinnati.  The general territorial limits of Dr. Rawson's practice was west to the Portage River from the source of that stream to its entrance into the bay at Port Clinton; on the east Hauler's Corners (now Clyde); and on the south Fort Seneca.  None of the streams within this tract embracing a large part of the present counties of Sandusky, Ottawa, Wood and Seneca were bridged except the Sandusky River at Lower Sandusky.  In 1855 he permanently retired from practice of medicine to engage in other pursuits.  The wife of Dr. Rawson was Sophia Beaugrand, daughter of John B. Beaugrand, and sister of the present venerable Dr. Peter Beaugrand of the city of Fremont, whose sketch appears in this volume.

     Thomas Stillwell, M. D., was born in Buffalo Valley, Union County, Pennsylvania, five or six miles west of Lewisburg in January, 1815.  His father, Joseph Stilwell, for more than half a century an honored citizen of that county, died in 1851, aged 74 years.  His mother, Anna Stilwell, died eleven years later, aged 84 years. After a full academic course at Milton, Pennsylvania, under the tuition of Rev. David Kirkpatrick, a distinguished teacher in that section of the state, and a brief course of selected studies at Layfayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania, he entered upon the study of medicine with Dr. Joseph R. Lotz, at New Berlin, and graduated at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in March, 1839, and located the same year in Lower Sandusky.  He died in Fremont, where he had lived a useful life as a physician and citizen for more than half a century.  His nature was so genial and lovable that the term, "the beloved physician," could have been appropriately applied to Dr. Stilwell.
     Dr. James W. Wilson was born in New Berlin, Union County, Pennsylvania, Feb. 1, 1816.  He graduated at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Mar. 18, 1837.  After practicing medicine in Pennsylvania two years, he emigrated to Lower Sandusky, where he

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opened an office as a partner of Dr. Thomas Stilwell, in 1829, and they continued to practice as partners until 1862.  He was president of the Sandusky County Medical Society until his death. (See biography.)

     Dr. Louis Gessner was born Apr. 6, 1804, in Hesse Darmstadt, Germany.  His father died in 1809 leaving a widow and four children.  Although in moderate circumstances, she succeeded, through true motherly sacrifice and devotion, in securing for them a good education.  Louis left home at the age of 15, and traveled on foot to the Danube, and thence went to Vienna, where he had relatives who kindly rendered him assistance in the completion of his education.  After finishing his course of study in medicine he left Vienna, traveling on foot to Switzerland.  Arriving at the Canton of Berne in 1828, he commenced the practice of medicine, and in the same year was married to Miss Elizabeth F. Schwartz, daughter of a prominent physician of Thun.  In 1833, with his family, he emigrated to America and located first near Tonawanda, but soon afterward in Buffalo, New York.  In 1837 he removed to Williamsville, Erie County.  Leaving his family in that place, he returned to Switzerland, and coming back in 1838, decided to move west.  He accordingly settled in Lower Sandusky in that year.

     Dr. Robert S. Rice was born in Ohio County, Virginia, May 28, 1805, and died in Fremont, Ohio, Aug. 5, 1875.  He was the lather of Drs. J. B. and R. H. Rice.

     Dr. John B. Rice was born in Lower Sandusky, June 23. 1832.  He studied medicine; graduating at Ann Arbor in the spring of 1857, and soon after associated himself with his father.  Dr. Robert S. Rice, and made a beginning in practice.  In 1850 he further prosecuted his medical studies at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, and Bellevue Hospital, New York.  On returning home he resumed practice.  On the breaking out of the Civil War he was appointed assistant surgeon of the Tenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry.  He was promoted to surgeon and assigned to the Seventy-second Ohio, and served with this regiment over three years. ( See biography.)

     Dr. Robert H. Rice was born in Lower Sandusky, Dec. 20, 1837, and attended medical lectures at the medical department of the University of Michigan, and graduated from that institution in March, 1863.  He then returned to Fremont and began the practice of medicine with his father, Dr. Robert S. Rice, Dr. John, his brother, being at that time in the army. (See biography.)

     Sardis B. Taylor, M. D., was born in Fremont, Mar. 19, 1843.  He commenced the practice of medicine in 1864, at Fremont, Ohio.  He served as volunteer assistant surgeon of the One Hundred and Sixty-ninth Regiment Ohio National Guards, at Washington, District of Columbia, summer of 1865.  Graduated at Starling Medical College, Columbia, Ohio, Feb. 22, 1875.

     Dr. George E. Smith, born June 27, 1832, at Lume, Huron County, Ohio.  After several medical courses he attended the Ohio Medical College in the spring of 1862, and graduated with the degree of M. D. at the close of the session.  He died in Oberlin, Ohio, after a successful career in medical practice.

     Dr. O. E. Philips was born in St Pierre, Canada, Feb. 17, 1836, and after obtaining his medical education, located in Hessville in 1862, where he practiced until 1882, when he came to Fremont, where he continued the practice until his death, June 12, 1909.

     Dr. Ezer Dillon came to Fremont in 1861, and practiced medicine until his death in 1892.  Dr. Dillon was educated as a physician at Cincinnati Medical College while the celebrated Dr. S. D. Gross was professor of surgery in that college.

     Dr. William Caldwell was born in 1837 at Fremont. Ohio, and graduated from the University of Michigan in Charity Hospital Medical College and in Bellvue Hospital Medical College in New York, being admitted to practice in 1862.  He was assistant surgeon of the Seventy-second Regiment O. V. I. and served from April, 1863, until 1865.  After a short period of practice in Michigan he returned to Fremont in 1880, where he enjoyed a large practice in his profession until the time of his death.  He was an able and successful physician.

     Dr. C. B. White graduated from the Elec-

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trical Medical College of Cincinnati in 1878 and located in Fremont in 1879, enjoying a large practice until recently, when he removed to Georgia, where he now is.

     Dr. A. J. Hammer was born in Redford County, Pennsylvania, June 1, 1853.  He graduated
at Pults Medical College of Cincinnati, in the class of 1880, and commenced practice at Fremont in September, which he continued until moving to Toledo a few years ago.

     Dr. S. P. Ecki was born in Holmes County, Ohio, in 1854.  He graduated from the New York Homeopathic Medical College, from which institution he came to Fremont in 1881, continuing practice for many years.

     Dr. J. W. Failing, a native of Wayne County, New York, was born in 1833.  He graduated at the Cleveland Homeopathic College and came to Fremont to practice in 1854, being then but 22 years old, and he continued to practice medicine in Fremont until the time of his death.

     David H. Brinkerhoff, M. D., was born Dec. 5, 1823, in the township of Owasea, Cayuga County, New York.  He graduated from the Cincinnati College of Medical and Surgery in 1857, and practiced in Fremont, Ohio, until he entered the service of the United States in 1862 as assistant surgeon and was promoted to surgeon major in 1864.  After being mustered out of service he again engaged in general practice in Fremont which he followed till his death.

     Dr. John W. Groat graduated at the Cincinnati Eclectic Medical College and afterward attended lectures at Cleveland Medical College, beginning to practice medicine in Fremont in 1866.  He left Fremont in 1877 for Aurora, Illinois.

     Dr. H. F. Baker practiced in Fremont from 1865 to 1868.  He removed from Fremont to Bellevue to take possession as proprietor and editor of the Bellevue Local News.

     Dr. John M. Corey was born in Austintown, Trumbull County, Ohio, Jan. 21, 1837.  He attended medical lectures at the University of Pennsylvania, from which institution he received the degree of M. D. in the spring of 1859.  He came to Fremont in December, 1859, and began the practice of his profession here, which he pursued until his death.

     Dr. F. S. Hilbish was born at McKees Falls, Pennsylvania, July 6, 1843, studied medicine at Bellevue Hospital; graduated from Bellevue Hospital, and practiced at Bellevue, Ohio, two years, then at Green Springs, Ohio; located in Fremont, Ohio, in 1883, and practiced there till his death, Aug. 25, 1898.

BELLEVUE PHYSICIANS, PAST AND PRESENT.

     Dr. Lamon G. Harkness was the first physician prominently identified with the history of Bellevue; he was born in Salem, Washington County, New Yor, Apr. 11, 1801, and educated for his profession in his native state.  He came west in 1823 and located at first in Lyme Township, Huron County, and there associated with Dr. Stevens.  He afterward located in Bellevue, where he practiced for several  years, but finally abandoned the practice of medicine for business pursuits.

     Dr. Daniel A. Lathrop came in 1835 from Pennsylvania and succeeded Dr. Harkness in the practice, which was extensive.  Thereafter in the earlier days came Drs. Gay, W. W. Stilson, Amos Woodward, John W. Goodson, Ralph A. Severance, J. J. Hartz, H. L. Harris, H. Richards and S. H. Burgner, and later Drs. Robinson, Or wig, Sandmeister and Lanterman.

     The following are the present physicians:  Irvin I. Good, C. C. Richards, M. R. Nichols, J. C. Morrow, C L. Harding, F. M. Kent, H. R. Dewey, Charles Wehr, H. C. Aurand and George Rubard.

CLYDE PHYSICIANS, PAST AND PRESENT.

     Dr. Niles located in 1833 in a log house where William Hamer afterward built his last residence, and practiced in Clyde until 1850, when he moved to a farm on the Portland Road south from Clyde, where he practiced till his death.

     Dr. William G. Harkness came in 1834, and sometime afterward moved to Bellevue.

     Drs. Seeley, Treadway, Judson and Cochrane located in 1840.  Dr. Seeley practiced here for many years till his death ; the others moved away shortly after coming to Clyde.

     Drs. Stone and Patterson located in 1842, and soon moved away.

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     Dr. Chamberlin came in 1845, and practiced for a short time.
     Drs. Kishpaw, Charles G. Eaton and George Eaton came in 1850.  Kishpaw and George Eaton remained but a short time and moved away, Eaton going back to the south.  Dr. C. G. Eaton practiced in Clyde till his death, Oct. 13, 1875; from this is excepted the time he was in the Civil War.

     Dr. Weaver came in 1859. and practiced till his death.

     Dr. W. W. Stilson came from Bellevue in 1861, and practiced until his death.

     Dr. William Price came in 1863, and practiced till his death.

     Dr. E. D Soper located in 1865, and practiced till his death.

     Dr. S. D. Finch located in Clyde in 1869, and practiced there till his death October 20. 1871.  He had practiced in Green Spring for many years before locating in Clyde.

     Dr. W. B. Van Norman located in 1872, practiced a short time and moved to Fremont, where he died.

     Dr. J. Howard Rabe was horn in Clyde, graduated at Jefferson Medical College, located in Clyde, and practiced there until his death.

Physicians at Present Practicing in Clyde—

     Drs. J. W. Luse, F. J. Whittemore, C. L. Harnden, Corwin Griffin, F. J. Hunter, R. B. Metz, C. Beck, E. W. Baker, E. A. Baker and Wesley Van Natta.

     Helena - C. A. Stevens
     Lindsay - W. E. Higbee, W. H. H. Wolland
     Woodville - Henry Busch, F. G. Blanchard, D. W. Philo.
     Gibsonburg - N. B. Ervin, E. A. Johnson, A. T. Crossett, Luther T. Gill and A. G. Eyestone.
     Green Spring - R. D. Reyholds, C. W. Skeggs and C. J. Turner
     Vickery - J. H. Bowman.

SANDUSKY COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY.

     This society as auxiliary to the State Medical Society, was organized Nov. 6, 1879, with the following physicians present, who are known as charter members: James W. Wilson, Thomas Stilwell, Robert H. Rice, Louis J. Gessner, John B. Rice, Sardis R. Taylor, John M. Corey. Martin Stamm, George E. Smith and Gustavus A. Gessner.
James W. Wilson was chosen president: Robert H. Rice, Secretary; L. S. J. Gessner, treasurer and Sardis B. Taylor, librarian.  Mr. M. Stamm is president and Dr. E. M. Ickes, secretary.  Nearly all the physicians within the county are members of this medical society, which appears to be in a successful condition.

FREMONT'S PRESENT PHYSICIANS.

     Dr. Martin Stamm was born Nov. 14, 1847, in Thaygan, Canton, Schauffhausen, Switzerland.  He graduated from the University at Berne, Switzerland, Mar. 12, 1872, then came to America, locating in Fremont, Ohio.  In 1899 he made a tour of Europe returning in about a year.  In 1907 he made a tour of the world returning in one year, following.  He is now, July 1909, on a trip through Europe to be gone about four months.  To Dr. Stamm is largely due the organization and perfection of the Sandusky County Medical Association of which he is now the president.  He is a member of several medical and surgical associations in the United States.  He is the author of many valuable pamphlets and papers on important topics and phases of the medical profession, surgical and otherwise.
     Mr. Stamm is a successful physician in general practice, but it is as a surgeon that he has attained special celebrity for his success in discovery and skill in operation, in surgical science and practice.  He is original, inventive and progressive in his investigations and methods and has done much to advance the science and practice of the medical profession especially as it relates to surgery.
     He was the first surgeon in the United States of whom we have any record, to perform the Caesarean section operation; which he did in 1903; and he is the first to perform what is known as Stamm's poleligation of Grave's disease, which was done in 1908.  In 1893 Dr. Stamm performed the first Kocher's operation in this country for hernia.  In 1901 he performed the first operation in the United States, known as the Michulicz operation, for resection of the large bowels, removing at that

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time eight inches of the bowel.  The patient is now well and healthy.
     Dr. Stamm was for several years professor of operative surgery in the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Cleveland, Ohio, formerly Wooster Medical College.  He is the proprietor of Stamm's Hospital in Fremont, Ohio, the first institution of the kind established in the city.
     Drs. Pierre Beaugrand, L. S. J. Gessner, G. A. Gessner, C. F. Reiff, James M. Steward, O. H. Thomas, C. R. Pontius, J. D. Bemis, Robert B. Meek, O. C. Vermiya, E. L. Vermilya, C. R. Trusdall, George Zimmerman, Mabel G. Dixey, W. L. Stierwalt, W. R. Deemer, E. M. Ickes, S. C. Sackett, Louis Rochet, M. O. Phillips, Clyde L. Smith, B. O. Kreilick, James Rice, F. L. Kinsey and S. McKenney.

DENTISTS.

     Fremont - H. G. Edgerton, Geo. B. Smith, A. G. Thatcher, R. A. Hudson, G. A. Mochel, C. N. Mowry and S. McKenney.
     Gibsonburg - P. A. Gould and H. J. Maxwell.
     Bellevue - H. N. Donaldson, H. F. Billmeyer, W. H. Albright, W. S. Kern and F. A. Higgins.
     Clyde - C. H. Weeks, E. M. Woolgar, W. B. Tiffany and A. R. Lord (retired).
     Green Spring - L. A. Messecar.