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THE BETHEL CHURCH,

Four miles south-east of Breen, was organized in 1832, by Rev. Francis Bartlett.  In 1852, Rev. J. Milligen was pastor of Bethel Church, and Isaac Larimer, John Sherwood, Aaron Work, Geo. McCandlish and James Black were its ruling Elders.  Rev. J. M. Drake took charge of the church in 1858, and was followed by Rev. H. R. Peairs and  again, in 1866, Rev. C. C. B. Duncan assumed the pastorate.  In 1872, Rev. J. L. Gourley took charge, and in 1874, Rev. L. D. Smith, who is its present pastor, in 1877.  Its present membership is 60.

PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH AT BREMEN.

     The Bremen Church was organized on the 21st of October, 1844, by a committee of Licking Presbytery, consisting of Rev. Jacob Little, Rev. H. Boutelle and Rev. A. Duncan.  The first
pastor mentioned was Rev. J. Schlosser.  The first elders were Daniel Rodahafer, John Ashbaugh and Wm. Rowles. Their reported number of members in 1856, was fifty-seven communicants.  In this year, Mr. Schlosser’s connection with the church ceased, when he was succeeded by Rev. Thomas Griffith.  In 1859, the Rev. S. J. Humphrey took charge.  In 1865, Rev. C. C. Hart, of Logan, supplied the congregation. The Elders then were John Ashbaugh and J. Leib.  In 1870, Rey. W. M. Galbraith was preaching there.  In 1871, Rev. J. L. Gourley was the supply; and his connection ceased as pastor in April, 1873.  In November, 1874, the church employed the Rev. L. D. Smith, of West Rushville, to give them one-fourth of his time, and he was still supplying the congregation in July, 1877.  The number of communicants in January, 1876, was forty-two.
     The Presbyterians also have societies at Amanda, Lithopolis and Greencastle, with regular pastors, but up to the time of going to press they have failed to return specific statements.

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The present pastor of Lithopolis Church is the Rev. Mr. Brown, who also supplies the Church at Greencastle.
     The Greenfield Presbyterian Church, four miles from Lancaster, on the Carroll road, has been supplied since its first organization by the Rev. J. R. Boyd, of Lancaster Church.

EPISCOPAL PARISH OF ST. JOHN

LETTER OF WM. J. REECE.

ST. PETER'S EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH.

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FIRST ENGLISH LUTHERAN CHURCH OF LANCASTER.

GERMAN REFORMED CHURCH.

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THE IMMANUEL'S CHURCH.

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hundred and fifty-five.  The children of the congregation at the same time numbered about fifty.  Rev. C. A. Frank, pastor.

CATHOLIC CHURCH.

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     "At the 'Sacred Heart' Chapel, near Bremen, there are twenty-eight families; at 'St. Joseph's near Sugar Grove, there are thirty-two families; and forty families at the chapel of 'Our Lady of Good Hope,' in the south-eastern corner of the county."

OMISH MENNONITE CHURCH.

JACOB AMEN.

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THE EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION (ALBRIGHTS).

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DUNKER CHURCH

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PROBATE JUDGES.

CLERKS OF COURT OF COMMON PLEAS.

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SHERIFFS.

TREASURERS.

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COUNTY SURVEYORS

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COUNTY AUDITORS.

PROSECUTING ATTORNEYS

COUNTY RECORDERS.

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JUDGES OF COURTS OF COMMON PLEAS.

A BAND OF HORSE-THIEVES, AND HOW THEY WERE BROKEN UP.

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HOCKING CANAL HISTORY.

RESPONSE OF MR. CARLISLE.

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LETTER OF GENERAL EWING.

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TYPHOID EPIDEMIC.

     The oldest citizens of Lancaster describe a typhoid epidemic that prevailed in the village in the fall of the year 1823.  Its ravages are believed not to have been exceeded on the continent at any age, or by any visitation of epidemic disease, not even excepting the cholera.  No direct or remote cause could be assigned.  It prevailed largely among the prominent and better conditioned citizens.  It is spoken of as having decimated the town, which means one death out of every ten citizens.  One gentleman thinks the mortality exceeded even that proportion.  If one should inspect the grave-stones of the old grave-yards in the vicinity of Lancaster, he would be surprised at the number of stones bearing date of 1823, most of the occupants having fell by the epidemic of that year.  No similar disease and mortality has subsequently visited the place.  It is said that some portion of the time there were not well persons enough to nurse the sick and bury the dead.

FAIRFIELD'S PUBLIC MEN.

     Governors of Ohio from Fairfield County, from the organization of the State up to 1876. = William Medill was elected Lieutenant Governor of Ohio in the fall of 1851.  His term began in January, 1852.  He was Acting-Governor the latter part of

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NATIONALITY.

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BIRTHS AND DEATHS IN FAIRFIELD COUNTY IN THE YEAR ENDING APRIL 1ST, 1877.

CITY OF LANCASTER.

COUNTY

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JOHN LEITH;

OR, A WHITE MAN OCCUPYING A TRADING-POST AMONG THE INDIANS ON THE SITE OF LANCASTER ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTEEN YEARS AGO.

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RUSH CREEK TOWNSHIP IN 1806.

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LAND TAX.

PHILIP BINNINGER.

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PERSONAL RECOLLECTIONS.

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RECOLLECTIONS OF JUDGE JOHN CHANEY OF WINCHESTER.

STATEMENT.

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STATEMENT OF B. W. CARLISLE

     The following is, in substance, the statement of B. W. Carlisle, in regard to his mother and others of the first emigrants into the Hocking Valley:
     “Mrs. Sarah Carlisle was a resident of Greenfield Township for the full period of sixty-four years, ending with her death on the 14th of January, 1866, at the residence of her son.  She was one of the pioneer mothers of this county.  She, with her father’s family, in true pioneer fashion, came with wagons, rifle-guns and trusty dogs, passing through where the city of Lancaster now stands, when nothing was there but an un

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broken wilderness.  Where Lancaster is, no white man had settled."
     This was in 1799.  Across the prairie, near the present residence of Mr. Mithoff, was a small encampment of Indians.  “Her father, John Edwards, located on Buckskin, west of Chillicothe, in that year, where she underwent the hardships and enjoyed the novelties of pioneer life, until the fall of 1802, when she was married to James Wilson, brother of old Colonel Robert and Nathaniel Wilson, formerly residents of Hocking Township.”  She moved with her husband on the farm now owned by her son, B. W. Carlisle, in Greenfield Township, the same year of her marriage.  In 1807, she was left a widow by the death of Mr. Wilson.
     “Subsequently, she was united in marriage to Thomas Carlisle, on the 23d day of January, 1813, with whom she lived until the fall of 1844, when she was again left a widow by the death of her second husband.”
     Mrs. Sarah Carlisle descended from Scotch parentage, who were Presbyterians, she herself uniting with that church in Lancaster soon after her first marriage, Rev. John Wright being pastor.
     Mrs. Margaret Ewing, late of Pleasant Township, and mother of Thomas E., William and James Ewing, was Mrs. Carlisle’s sister.  She, also, with her husband, were among the earliest settlers of Fairfield County.
     Mrs. Carlisle was fond of dwelling on the scenes and incidents of the pioneer age, and had a fund of highly interesting anecdotes and amusing incidents to narrate.  Among her early acquaintances of the new settlement, she often spoke of the following persons: the Whites, the Coateses, the Bradshaws, the Wilsons, the Stewarts, the Lackeys, the Greens, the Biggerstaffs, the Builderbacks, the Burtons, George Sanderson, and numerous others.
     Mrs. Carlisle saw Lancaster spring from the wild woods, where the white man never trod before.  She spoke of the first two cabins she remembered—one near the present steam-mill at the foot of Chestnut (Jail) street, the other near a spring at the foot of what is now Wheeling street, on the canal.  She lived to see Lancaster a flourishing city of over five thousand inhabitants.  Like most of the women of frontier life, she was an expert horseback rider.  She often rode from her home in

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Greenfield to her father's, forty miles distant, in a day, carrying her babe on her lap.
     An incident of her romance is well worth telling, because such occurrences were common to the pioneers.  Returning from Lancaster, she came upon a young fawn in the woods, at a point somewhere near the cabin of Joseph Hunter.  She knew it had strayed from its mother, and springing dextrously from her horse, she threw the bridle over a limb, made chase, and captured the little spotted fugitive, carried it home, and raised it as a pet.
     Her second husband, and father of the present B. W. Carlisle, who is remembered as Thomas Carlisle, late of Greenfield Township, entered what is known as the war of 1812 the same year of his marriage, viz.: 1813.  He served in Captain Richard Hooker’s mounted men, who went to the relief of Colonel Croggan, who was besieged by the Indians at Sandusky.
     Thomas Carlisle came from Virginia, and setted in Fairfield County in 1811; was married in 1813, and lived on what is known as the Carlisle farm until the time of his death, in 1844.  Mr. Carlisle was an active business man and a highly useful citizen.  He served many years as a Justice of the Peace.  At the time of his death he was one of the acting Commissioners of the county.

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STATEMENT OF NICHOLAS STEMEN.

     Henry Stemen came from Virginia, and settled on Raccoon, in 1803.  His wife was Mary Beery, sister of the late George Beery.  Nicholas Stemen was one year old at the time his father came to Fairfield County.  He continued to reside in Fairfield until he was about thirty years old, and then moved across the line into Perry County, where he still resides.  Mr. Stemen stated that his father helped to clear off some of the first ground where Lancaster now stands.  Below is his statement of the

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BEERY FAMILY.

Who came into the Raccoon neighborhood a little before the Stemens.  Nicholas Beery was the father of eight sons and seven daughters, viz.: John, Jacob, Abraham, Isaac, Henry, George, Joseph and Christian; Barbara, Magdalene, Elizabeth, Mary, Susanna, Fanny and Rebecca.  Most of his large family settled in the east part of Fairfield County, and became thrifty and useful farmers and citizens.  Most of them are buried in the county.

THE HUFFORDS.

     Caspar Hufford settled on the Raccoon at a very early day.  He built the first mill, on the site where Lobenthall’s, and since, Mike Moyer’s mill stands.  It was a small Raccoon Burr Mill, of the capacity of eight or ten bushels of corn a day.  Mr. Hufford’s sons were: Solomon, Abraham, Daniel, Jacob and John.  These all settled on the Raccoon. Catharine Hufford, daughter of Caspar, married John Friezner; and Susan married David Beery, son of John Beery, and grandson of Nicholas Beery. David Beery built the brick house in which Solomon Beery, son of George, now lives, on the Bremen road.
     Mr. Nelson built a mill on Raccoon in 1805, on the land now owned by James Driver.  Mr. Stemen remembers that, when a mill-boy, about 1812, he saw the miller carrying the ground wheat in a half-bushel up the steps, and turning it into the hopper of the bolting-chest, while the owner of the grist stood turning the bolting-cloth by means of a crank.  (The writer has witnessed the same operation many times about the same era.)  William Johnson built a mill on Rush Creek, a little below Rushville, during the year 1812, or about that time.  Johnson’s mill is well remembered.  Jacob Rhodes built a still-house on Rush Creek at a very early day.  Mr. Harmon, father of Fred. Harmon, erected a distillery in Pleasant Township.

RELIGIOUS.

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SCHOOLS.

MANNER OF LIVING.

WEARING APPAREL.

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PLAYS.

     In common with all the frontier settlers, the inhabitants of Raccoon and Rush Creek Valleys practiced the plays common to the times.  Mr. Stemen’s parents did not approve them.  In those times the family discipline was very rigid.  The same ruling would be tyranny now.  Nevertheless, that kind of discipline gave the world a more noble class of men and women than we shall ever see again.

WILD ANIMALS.

     Wolves were very numerous, making it difficult to keep sheep.  The State paid premiums for their scalps.  Panthers, bears and wild-cats were plenty, deer abundant.  Bear’s meat was common.  Catamounts were also often seen in the woods.  (The catamount is of the feline species, and in size is intermediate between the domestic cat and the American panther.  They were greyish, and sometimes spotted).  When wounded, or enraged, they were dangerous enemies.

INDIANS.

    There were bands of various tribes of Indians wandering about the country during several years after the white settlements commenced.  They were peaceable for the most part, but had to be kept in a good humor.  Mr. Stemen spoke of an instance where several Indians came to his father’s house and asked for something to eat.  His mother had a corn pone baked for her family, and little besides to give them.  She gave them half of the pone, and they went away, but soon returned and demanded more, and to pacify them she gave them all she had.
     The writer remembers many similar instances in another part of the State, but there, the Indians, for the most part, had something to give in exchange for what they wanted, such as furs, peltry and venison hams, and sometimes cut money.  On one occasion a company of Miamis came to our house when my mother was a hundred yards away at the spring rinsing her clothes.  I was the baby, and had been left alone in the cradle in the cabin. As was their custom, they stopped out in the grove and sent their commission of two squaws into the house, who finding no one in besides the baby,

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took me from the cradle and carried me out to their comrades for a show.  In a few minutes my mother returned, and finding the cradle empty, ran screaming out into the yard, when the squaws seeing her distress, hastened to meet her and restore the object of her alarm.  She at once gave them everything she had about the house that could be eaten, and they left in good humor.
     They were Miamis, and their town was seven miles from our house.   I never heard of them plundering or stealing in time of peace.  They always asked for what they wanted.

HON. THOMAS EWING

     Of this truly distinguished citizen and Jurist, I need not write much.  His fame is as wide as American history.  It is written in books, and in the hearts of the people.  I speak only of his citizenship in Fairfield County.
     Mr. Ewing settled in Lancaster in 1815, and commenced the study of law with Hon. Philemon Beecher, and was admitted to the bar in 1816.  He continued to reside in Lancaster until the time of his death.  Of the high positions of trust and honor he was called to fill in the nation, I do not speak; they are recorded in the archives of the nation.  It will not be too much for my humble pen to say, that Mr. Ewing was in some respects a remarkable man.  No man living, perhaps, possessed the powers of speech and logic in a superior degree.  He used no needless or superfluous words.  He was not verbose.  This was his strong forte in argument.  He said much in few words.  All understood him at once.
     Of Mr. Ewing’s family still surviving, are Mrs. General Sherman, Mrs. Colonel Steele, Hon. Hugh Boyl Ewing, Gen. Thomas Ewing and Gen. Charles Ewing.  On the lid of his burial-casket was engraved

“THOMAS EWING;
Born December 28th, 1789;
Died October 26th, 1871.”

     Mrs. Maria Ewing, consort of Hon. Thomas Ewing, was born in Lancaster.  She was daughter of the late Hugh Boyl.  She was married to Mr. Ewing in January, 1820, and died in February, 1864. They are buried in the Catholic Cemetery,

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east of Lancaster, and their graes are designated by fine marble monuments.

JUDGE CHARLES SHERMAN.

     Charles Sherman was born in Norwalk, Connecticut, May 26, 1788.  In 1810 he was admitted to the bar, and in the same year married Mary Hoyt, also of Norwalk.  In the following year, with his wife and infant child, he came to Lancaster, O., and began the practice of law.  In speaking of his emigration, Gen. Wm. J. Reece, one of his sons-in-law, says: “The way to it (Lancaster) from their New England home was far and weary, beset with hardships, and exposed to dangers.  They were obliged to journey the greater part of the distance on horseback, carrying their infant child on a pillow before them.  *     *     *     *     The little boy they carried on the pillow before them is now the Hon. Charles Taylor Sherman, United States District Judge of the Northern District of Ohio.”
     Judge Charles Sherman was elected by the Legislature of Ohio to the bench of the Supreme Court in 1823, which place he filled a few months over six years with distinguished ability, when his labors were ended by death.  He died at Lebanon, Ohio, while attending Court, on the 24th day of June, 1829, in his 41st year.  His companion, Mary Hoyt Sherman, survived him many years.  Their tombs are in Lancaster Cemetery.
     Judge Sherman was the father of Gen. W. T. Sherman, and Hon. John Sherman, U. S. Senator; also of Mrs. W. J. Reece, now of Lancaster, besides several other sons and daughters, with whom the writer was not acquainted.

HON. HOCKING H. HUNTER.

     Hocking H. Hunter was one of Ohio’s leading lawyers.  He was once elected to the Senate of Ohio, and subsequently declined the poll for Governor.  As a lawyer he was eminently successful.  He began life in a very humble way, as most of the sons of pioneers did, and worked his way up to fortune and fame by his own personal application and diligence.  Mr. Hunter was a man of stern integrity of character, and unsurpassed administrative ability—pre-eminently just and upright in all the affairs of life.  He was the son of Joseph Hun-

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ter, who was the first white man that erected a cabin in Fairfield County.
     Mr. Hunter was born in the month of August, 1801, and died Feb. 4, 1872, in the 71st year of his age.  Of his children there are six yet living, viz.: three sons and three daughters.  It has commonly been believed that Mr. Hunter was the first white male child born in Fairfield County.  There are, however, two or three other aspirants to that distinction, but the matter is too far back in history to be settled at this late day.

DR. JOHN WILLIAMS.

     Dr. Williams is not mentioned as a pioneer of Fairfield County, though he deserves a place in its history.  He is one of the living men who has made his mark, and who will leave a record.  He has a brain seldom equaled or surpassed.  Few men have lived of his mental capacities in his specialties.  As a mathematician, grammarian and general scholarship, he stood, at his meridian, unrivaled.  He has been a teacher, and author of school text-books.  He was not brilliant; but as a teacher and general educator he was forcible, clear and concise.  there are probably more men to-day who owe their success in the professions and other vocations in life to having been pupils of Dr. Williams, than to any one man living.  He was proprietor for several years of an Academy in Greenfield Township, known as "Greenfield Academy;" and subsequently teacher and Superintendent of Lancaster schools.  From age and infirmity, he, five or six years since, retired to his small farm, four miles north of Lancaster, where at present be resides.

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LETTER OF GEORGE W. BEERY.

   UPPER SANDUSKY, O.  July 20, 1876.

     DR. H. SCOTT - Dear Sir:  I learn that you propose to publish a history of Fairfield County, and desire information in aid thereof.  I herewith inclose a letter prepared by me for Dr. Tom. O. Edwards, in 1871.  If of any use to you in your work,

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you are at liberty to use the same as you may think proper.  When your book is ready, please send me ten copies, and I will remit the price at once.
                                                 Very truly Yours,
                                                              GEORGE W. BEERY

     HON. TOM. O. EDWARDS:  Your favor of the 8th inst., containing request to furnish dates and names of early settlers of Fairfield County, is received.  In answer, I am only able to state, from memory, conversations had with my father on the subject of his first settlement in your county.  He was the youngest of six brothers of his father’s family, in the order here given: John, Isaac, Abraham, Jacob, Henry and George.  There were two half-brothers, Christian and Joseph, all of whom were among the first settlers of Fairfield County.
     George, my father, was born in Rockingham County, Virginia, in the year 1783, and emigrated to the almost unbroken wilderness of your county in the year 1800.  He came down the Monongahela and Ohio rivers in a flat-boat, and up the Hocking to the falls, thence through the woods on foot to Lancaster, and remained over winter, clearing land for others by the acre.  He returned to Virginia the next spring, and finally returned to Fairfield County in the fall of 1801, and settled on the Raccoon Creek, near Bremen, clearing land and working for others, thus enabling him to enter eighty acres, which he did in the fall of 1807.
     In 1809 he married and settled on this small tract of land, continuing to live thereon, and in the neighborhood of Bremen, until the spring of 1832, when he moved to the little Raccoon, five miles east of Lancaster, where he died in 1856.
     John Beery, his eldest brother, came to the county in 1805, and the other brothers soon after, all settling on and near the streams mentioned, in Rush Creek and Berne townships.  They were a hardy, stout and industrious set of men, and did their full share of clearing and improving that part of the county.  They are all dead, leaving families scattered all over the country.
     Their education being very limited, and their habits sober and industrious, were content with the occupation of farming, except my father, who was always far in advance of his neighbors in schools and public improvements.  He took an active part in the construction of the canal from Carroll to

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Lancaster; also in building the Zanesville and Maysville Turnpike-road; was one of the Commissioners of the county, I think, in 1828; and assisted in locating and building the County Infirmary.
     In 1834 he laid out the town of Bremen; and in the next year, in partnership with Mr. Hedges, commenced the business of selling goods, an occupation yet followed by several of his children, who received their first lessons under his supervision.
     In the war of 1812, he was pressed into the service with his team, and while Major Crogan was defending Fort Stevenson, at Lower Sandusky, with team and provisions he was encamped at Fort Ball, now Tiffin, and within hearing of the guns of the fort.
     He was a personal friend and admirer of Hon. Thos. Ewing, claiming that he had no superior as a lawyer and statesman in the Union.  Such was his admiration of this truly great man, that he called his tenth and youngest son Thos. Ewing. 
     As a citizen, he was public-spirited; as a neighbor, kind and benevolent; as a father, strict in his requirements, yet tenderly devoted to his children.
     My mother was a Cradlebaugh, a daughter of a revolutionary soldier, a German Reform minister, and a man of considerable influence in his day.  He emigrated to Western Pennsylvania soon after the war closed, and in 1810 or 1811, to Fairfield County, where he soon afterwards died.  My mother was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, in the year 1789, emigrated to Fairfield County in 1806 or 1807, and died in 1870.  She was a woman of more than ordinary force of character; positive in her opinions, and free to express them; industrious and economical; loving right and hating wrong; prompt and active in every duty; exercising a marked and controlling influence over her husband and family—a mother of the old type, in every sense of the word.  They had twelve children, nine of whom still survive.  Four are living here, one near Urbana, Ohio, and the balance in and near the family village of Bremen.
                                                 GEORGE W. BEERY

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WILLIAM McCLUNG.

     William McClung died at the residence of his daughter, in West Rushville, on Friday, Sept. 8th, 1876, aged 83 years, 7 months and 19 days.
     Judge McClung came to Fairfield County in 1803, where he resided continuously until his death, and was among the last of the surviving pioneers.  Few men have lived and passed away within the limits of the county, who more eminently deserved the reputation of a good man.  He was upright, just and reliable in all the affairs of life, and, so far as the writer knows and believes, he had few, if any, enemies.  Of him it may be very justly said, that he was one of that noble class of first men who helped to break the wilderness, and who lived to give character and prosperity to the country - a class that, very much to the world's detriment, is rapidly passing away.
     Judge McClung, during his protracted and useful life, filled successively, and with the popular approval, the offices of Justice of the Peace, State Legislator, and Associate Judge under the old Constitution, as also many minor positions of trust in the civil and military service.  He was one of the volunteers who enlisted under Captain George Sanderson in the war of 1812, and was included in the surrender of Gen. Hull in front of Fort Detroit.
     He was likewise an officer in the church of his choice; and it is said of him by those who best knew him that Christianity was illustrated by all his intercourse with the world, both in his public and private walks.

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STATEMENT OF MRS. KING.

     One of Fairfield's pioneer mothers is still living in Lancaster, at the venerable age of 87 years.  Mrs. Flora Buttler King has been in most respects a very remarkable woman.  Following is a condense synopsis of her statement recently made to me:
     Her father, Ebenezer Buttler, and the father of Gerrit Smith, were first pioneers in Onondagua County, N. Y.  She was

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born in Onondagua County in January, 1790, and during her early childhood and youth was the school companion of Gerrit Smith.  She was the first female child born in that county.  In 1812 she came to Ohio, and soon after to Lancaster.  She was the first female teacher in Lancaster.  Her school-house was a rough cabin built by Christian King, and stood where Doctor Turner's office now is, on Main street.  In February, 1813, she was married to Christian King.  She was mother of two children - William who died many years ago in California, and Flora, wife of Charles Deshler of Columbus, O.
     After the death of her husband, Mrs. King devoted herself to painting and drawing, by which she accumulated a considerable amount of cash.  Receiving intelligence of the death of her son in California, she made the trip here alone, by the Isthmus, and brought back his three children, their mother also being dead.  She raised two of the boys, who are now in honorable positions.  The other one died young.  She witnessed the riot at Panama, when one hundred Americans were killed, and barely escaped with her own life by paying the natives of gold bonus.
     William and Christian King came to Lancaster in 1799, and sold goods under the firm name of W. & C. King.  Christian King built a toll-bridge across the prairie, west of town, on the track of the present turnpike-road.
     Mrs. King remembers, that in 1812 the Kings and John Creed were merchants; Philemon Beecher, Robert F. Slaughter and William Irvin were practicing law; Drs. Wilson, Torrence and Shawk were practicing medicine; Thos. Sturgeon kept tavern where Mrs. Creed now lives, and Mr. Swoyer on the Shaeffer corner.
     William King died in 1831, and Christian, her husband, in 1840.