The
name given to this township (after having first been given to the
city which it contains, and which constitutes the county seat of
Pickaway county,) is designed to perpetuate the memory of one of
the most remarkable relics of a pre-historic age, found by the
first European explorers of the Ohio Valley. The name
Circleville, together with a drawing and description, first
published in the Archaelogia Americana, in 1820, and
reproduced in several historical works since that time, is now one
of the few existing memorials of that interesting relic.
Being thus associated with the name of the place, it is fitting
that a somewhat minute description of it should be given at the
very outset of our history of Circleville.
In the centre of the territory now embraced within the
corporate limits of the city, once stood an extensive
earth-structure, the work of the Mound Builders. It is
generally supposed to have been a military fortification, although
its design can be only a matter of conjecture. It consisted
of two parts; the larger and more important one being in the form
of an exact square, fifty-five rods on each side, and tangent to
the circle, at the middle point of its western side. It is
the circular "fort" (co-called) which occupies the central portion
of the city - the centre of the circle being at the point where
Court and Main streets now cross each other; and the square
extending out toward the city limits, beyond Washington street, in
an easterly direction from this point.
The circular inclosure was surrounded by two walls and
a deep ditch between them. [Some of the oldest inhabitants
insist that there was not, within their recollection, any
appearance of a regular wall, or embankment inside of the ditch;
but we follow the printed accounts.] It is, of course,
impossible to guess how high the walls were originally; since,
when first discovered, they had for unknown ages, been gradually
worn down by the action of the elements and other causes.
But, when first measured, they were somewhat more than twenty feet
high, on an average, measuring from the bottom of the ditch, which
was about twenty feet in width. On the side not adjacent to
the ditch, the walls were, at this time, about six feet in height.
They were evidently made nearly perpendicular at first, and were
constructed, for the most part, of clay, which was found near by,
or thrown out of the ditch, and was of an excellent quality.
Some think it was originally made into bricks and dried in the
sun. However that may be, it was largely used in making the
bricks of which many of the buildings, now occupying the same
ground were constructed.
In the centre of the circular work stood the mound of
considerable size, with a large semi-circular pavement extending
half-way around it, on the eastern side; looking toward the only
opening in the circular walls. This opening was at the point
of contact with the square "fort," into which it formed an
entrance. The single wall (which was without any ditch)
inclosing the square was, at the time of its discovery, about ten
feet in height. It had eight openings; one at each corner,
and one at the middle of each side - that in the western side
being the one which led into the circle. Before each of
these openings, at a distance of about two rods, on the inside of
the square was a mound circular at the base, and about five feet
in height, except the one before the entrance into the circle,
which was considerably larger and higher. The others were
about forty feet in diameter, at the base, and about twenty at the
summit. The writer in the Archaelogia takes it for
granted that these small mounds "were intended for the defence of
the openings." But this does not seem to us by any means
certain. At any rate, the one before the entrance into the
circle could not have been so intended, since it is not
conceivable that the occupants would have attempted to defend the
square "fort" after the circular one had been captured and filled
by an enemy.
We notice that in the representation of the two forts
contained in the Circleville Union Herald for August
2, 1878, and evidently copied from that in the
Archaelogia just mentioned, the small mound at the opening
between the two forts, is placed within the circle. Whether
or not this change of position was made because the author of the
very valuable historical notice in the paper referred to perceived
that that was the only position in which the said mound could be
of any use as a defence of the opening we do not know; but certain
it is that, in the copy of the original drawing, made by Howe, in
his "Historical Collections of Ohio," this mound is inside of the
square. Since we have intimated a doubt as to the
correctness of the prevalent notion that these enclosures were
purely for military purposes, we shall, perhaps, be pardoned for
presenting, at some length, our reasons for believing that they
were designed mainly for religious or festive occasions.
Mr. Isaac Smucker (who is certainly a very
respectable authority in matters pertaining to American
archaeology), in his treatise on the "Pre-historic Races and
Pre-territorial History of Ohio," which constitutes in
introduction to the "Annual Report of the Secretary of State" on
the statistics of Ohio, for the year 1877, makes the following
observations as to the inclosures of the Mound Builders:
"Inclosures are of several kinds; one
class being known as military or defensive works; another as
parallel embankments, or covered ways; and the third as sacred
inclosures. Under the general title of inclosures are also
walls of circumvallation, or ramparts, constructed for military or
defensive works, while others were doubtless walls surrounding the
residence of the reigning monarch; perchance others were erected
for the performance within them of their national games and
amusements, and perhaps many, also, served a purpose in the
performance of their religious rites and ceremonies, and
facilitated indulgence in some superstitious practices."
Father on he says:
"Defensive inclosures are of irregular
form, are always on high ground, and in naturally strong position,
frequently on the summits of hills and steep cliffs, and are often
strengthened by exterior ditches.
Then he proceeds, quoting the American
Cyclopaedia:
"The walls generally wind around the
borders of the elevations they occupy, and when the nature of the
ground renders some points more accessible than others, the height
of the wall and the depth of the ditch at these weak points are
proportionally increased. The gateways are narrow and few in
number, and well guarded by embankments of earth placed a few
yards inside of the openings or gateways, and parallel with them,
and projecting somewhat beyond them at each end, thus fully
covering the entrances, which, in some cases, are still further
protected by projecting walls on either side of them. These
works are somewhat numerous, and indicate a clear appreciation of
the elements, at least, of fortification, and unmistakably point
out the purpose for which they were constituted."
If this description of defensive inclosures is
to be relied upon, it is obvious that the works under
consideration must have belonged to some other class.
Instead of being of "irregular form," they are so strikingly
regular as to make it a matter of wonder how a people as rude and
uncultivated as the Mound Builders are generally supposed to have
been, could possibly have laid them out. They are not on
"High Ground," and there are, in the immediate neighborhood, many
stronger positions than that in which they are located. In
fact, no modern general would think of constructing an earthwork
in such a position, unless he had no choice of situations, or
unless the immediate presence or threatened approach of an enemy
compelled him to fortify that very place. The gateways,
instead of being "few in number," are so numerous as to amount to
an absolute absurdity in fortification; and the so-called defences
of these gateways, or openings, are not "embankments," "projecting
somewhat beyond them at each end," but small, circular mounds,
apparently of no greater diameter than the width of the openings.
But let us see now what the authority above-quoted says about
inclosures which were not designed for military purposes:
"Sacred enclosures," says
Mr. Smucker, "are mainly distinguished
from those of a military character, by the regularity of their
form, and by their more frequent occurrence. They are of all
shapes and forms, and when moats or ditches exist, they are
invariably found inside of the embankments. Sacred
inclosures are generally in the form of geometrical figures,
of surprising accuracy, such as circles, squares, hexagons,
octagons, ellipses, parallelograms, and of various others.
They are sometimes found within military inclosures, and evidently
had some connection with the religious ideas and ceremonies of
their builders. Frequently there is situated in the center
of this class of works a mound or elevation, supposed to have
served the purpose of an altar upon which sacrifices were offered,
or which was, at least in some way, used in conducting their
religious services. Within those sacred inclosures were
doubtless celebrated religious festivals, and upon those central
"high places," or altars, were undoubtedly performed, by priestly
hands, the rites and ceremonies demanded by their sacrificial,
their idolatrous religion. * * * Some archaeologists, however,
maintain that many works called sacred inclosures were erected
for, and used as places of amusement, where our predecessors of
pre-historic times practiced their national games, and celebrated
their great national events; where they held their national
festivals, and indulged in their national jubilees, as well as
performed the ceremonials of their religion. And it may be
that those (and there are many such) within which no central
elevation or altar occurs, where erected for the purposes last
named, and not exclusively, if at all, for purposes connected with
their religion, and are, therefore, erroneously called sacred
inclosures. Other ancient peoples, if, indeed, not all the
nations of antiquity, had their national games, amusements,
festivals and jubilees, and why not the Mound Builders, too?
Notably in this regard, the ancient Greeks may be named, with
whom, during the period known as the "lyric Age of Greece,' the
Olympic, the Pythian, the Nemean, and the Isthmian games became
national festivals. And without doubt the Mound Builders,
too, had their national games, amusements, festivals and jubilees,
and congregated within their enclosures to practice, celebrate and
enjoy them."
Another quotation, a little further on, must
suffice:
"The amount of labor bestowed upon those
of their works that were erected in the interest of their
religion, shows a strong tendency towards superstitious belief.
They doubtless offered up animals in sacrifice, as a part of their
religious ceremonies, and it may be that human sacrifices were not
unknown among them. Prisoners of ware are thus disposed of
sometimes by people and nations who have attained to as high a
grade of civilization as that reached by the Mound Builders.
The sacrificial character of their religion is clearly
established. The late Dr. Foster hesitated not to say that
the Mound Builders were worshipers of the elements; that they
worshiped the sun, moon and stars, and that they offered up human
victims as an acceptable sacrifice to the gods they worshiped!
He deduced this fact from the charred and calcined bones which
cover their altars. Other high authorities also
unhesitatingly assert that there is convincing proof that they
were fire-worshipers."
So exactly does this account tally with the
drawings and descriptions which have come down to us of the
ancient works at Circleville, that we were actually surprised to
find specimens of inclosures obviously designed for religious and
festive purposes. Here was the surprising symmetry of form
characteristic of such inclosures. Around the square was the
one walk, with no moat or ditch on the outside, and perforated by
its numerous entrances. Here was the circle, with its deep
moat inside of the principal wall - even if there was, in reality,
more than one - for, as we have stated, the recollection of some
of the oldest inhabitants, who often passed over the ground before
the embankments were removed, is, upon this point, at variance
with the printed accounts. And, above all, here, exactly in
the center of the circle, stood the "high place," with its
semi-circular pavement, composed of gravel and smooth stones taken
from the adjacent streams - a mound utterly without significance
in the military point of view, but entirely intelligible if
regarded as an altar for offering up sacrifices, or for the
performance of other religious or festive rites. That it was
an altar, and that it had been used for offering up human
sacrifices, is rendered extremely probably from the fact that, at
different depths below the surface, charred skeletons were found
lying upon wood ashes and charcoal, mingled with various articles,
such as arrow heads, burnt bricks, plates of mica, etc. It
would seem, from the positions in which these relics were found,
and from the various depths at which they lay, that, after each
burning, the fire, the charred remains of the victim, and whatever
else was left unconsumed, were covered with earth; and that the
mound had gradually been formed by this process, beginning,
perhaps, from the original surface of the ground. How high
it may have been when last used by the people who constructed it,
we have, of course, no means of knowing. When, however, it
was first seen by Europeans, it was about ten feet high, four rods
or more in diameter at the base, and about two rods at the summit.
If it be asked whether the theory of the religious and
festive character of these works implies that the builders had
absolutely no thought of defence in their construction, we rely
that this inference is by no means necessary, since the inclosures
may have been for the purposes named; while, at the same time, the
embankments about both the square and the circle, and the ditch
about the latter, may all have been intended, in part at least, to
guard those engaged in celebrating their worship or their games
from the intrusion of those of their own people who were not
entitled to participate in them, and also from the attacks of
their enemies. It must be admitted that the thought most
likely to be suggested to the mind of one viewing such works for
the first time, is that they were designed as military
fortifications. But if inclosures were to be made for other
purposes at all, it is surely most likely that such a people as
the Mound Builders were, would construct them of earth. In
the celebration of their religious rites, a plenty of deep water
might be necessary for the practice of those ablutions and
immersions which, in all ages of the world, have occupied so
prominent a place in the religions of various nations. If
so, the ditch dug on the inside of the inclosure would furnish
both the necessary water and the material for the needed
embankment.
For the reasons set forth above, we seriously incline
to the opinion that the square inclosure was designed for the
celebration of games and other secular festivals; that the small
mounds before the openings had some sort of connection with the
games celebrated in the inclosure; and that the circle was devoted
mainly, if not entirely, to the performance of religious rites.
This will be an appropriate place in which to mention a remarkable
mound that stood but a short distance outside of the circle, about
forty rods in a southwesterly direction from the sacrificial mound
already described. We follow the description made by
Mr. Atwater in his Western Antiquities, published in 1833.
This mound was more than sixty feet
in height, and stood on the summit of a large hill, to which it
was joined so skillfully that the whole appeared to be artificial.
It must have been the common cemetery in which the dead of the
neighboring people, for several generations, were buried, since it
contained "an immense number of human skeletons, of all ages and
sizes." The skeletons were laid horizontally, with their
heads generally toward the centre and their feet toward the
outside of the mound. A considerable part of this work was
still standing when Mr. Atwater wrote, uninjured, except by time.
In it were found, besides the skeletons, stone axes and knives
"and several ornaments with holes through them, by means of which,
with a cord passing through these perforations, they could be worn
by their owners."
On the south side of this mound, and only a short
distance from it, was a semi-circular ditch or trench, some six
feet or more in depth, but nearly filled up to a level with the
surrounding surface. On being opened, there were discovered
in it large quantities of human bones, evidently of warriors who
had fallen in some destructive battle. This conclusion seems
necessary from the fact that the bones were those of persons who
had attained their full size; whereas, in the mound adjoining
young and old had been buried indiscriminately; and also from the
fact that he bodies had been thrown into the trench without order,
and as if in great haste.
The student of archaeology will never be able to
contemplate the obliteration of all these interesting relics
without a feeling of regret, not unmixed with indignation.
When land was so abundant and so cheap, why should no the county
of Pickaway, among its first acts as a corporation, have purchased
the ground covered by these relics, and set it apart for all time
as the imperishable monument of a perished race? Overgrown,
as it was, with beautiful forest trees, it might, without erasing
one mark of its original character, have been changed into a park,
more unique and attractive than any public grounds now to be found
in the State of Ohio. Here, in the square inclosure, our
young men might have met in friendly contest to practice their
athletic sports, on the very spot devoted, countless ages before,
to a similar purpose. And although it might not have been
thought seemly to perform any of the solemn acts exclusively
appropriate to our holy religion, within the circular inclosure
once set apart to the performance of heathen rites; yet a grateful
people might properly have met there to celebrate their national
anniversaries, amid scenes and associations which could not have
failed to heighten their gratitude to God for the countless
blessings which, in these latter days and in this wonderful land,
He has vouchsafed to them.
PAGES 178 & 179 MISSING
Page 180 mentions the changing of the looks of
the city...... as follows:
..........by people from the country as a
hitching and feeding place for their teams; thus attracting to the
same center the hogs and other domestic animals which were allowed
"the freedom of the city," and making the Pickaway seat of justice
a rather poor gem in a worse setting.
But with however much of sincerity these objections may
have been urged, and however important they may have seemed to
those who urged them; it is not at all probably that any change in
the town plat would ever have been made, if it had not occurred to
somebody that by laying out the circular portion in a square form,
several acres of waste ground - in the center of the circle, in
the four angles where the square portion joined upon the circle,
and in some of the avenues and alleys - would become available for
building lots, and yield a fair profit over and above what the
county would charge for it.
It was doubtless a fair business transaction, and not
to be censured (however much it may be regretted), except upon
aesthetic grounds. An act of the legislature, authorizing
the change of plat, had first to be obtained; and then it could
not be made without the consent of all the property owners within
the space affected by it. Many of the lots were purchased
out and out by the parties making the change, and then resold
after it was made. Of the lots unsold, some were increased
in size, and others diminished by the changes; and the owners of
the former made, and those of the latter received, suitable
compensation.
The buildings fronting the streets or avenues which
were to be vacated (and which, of course, made acute angles with
the main streets), were either removed, torn down, or changed in
position, so as to face the new streets. One only, of any
prominence, remains in its original position, as a memento of old
times. This is the fine brick residence of the late Dr.
Hawkes - still owned by his widow. It originally fronted on
"Bastile avenue," which seems to have been the aristocratic street
of the old town, and which ran a\at an angle of forty-five degrees
with West Main street. When the now Franklin street was laid
out parallel to Main, it passed the front of the building at the
same angle. This gives to one of the finest residences in
Circleville a very singular, but by no means unpleasing,
appearance; and it is pointed out to strangers, with much apparent
satisfaction, by the present generation, as a proof that the name
of their town was not always a misnomer.
Two "enabling acts" were passed by the legislature to
authorize an alteration of the town plat of the town of
Circleville.
The first act was passed by the legislature March 29,
1837.
Nothing, however, was done toward the squaring of the
circle, during the year named. We conclude it was found
difficult to obtained the consent of all the property owners, in
all the entire circle, to the proposed change; for, in the next
year, March 1, 1838, the legislature was induced to pass a
supplementary act, authorizing the friends of the measure to
proceed as soon as the consent of all the owners of any part
(meaning, doubtless, any fourth part), of the circle should
be obtained. This act, as did the former, provides for the
reservation of ground for the erection of a court house.
Soon after this, viz.: on the twenty-third of March,
1838, on application of Andrew Huston, Edson B.
Olds and Thomas Huston, the southeast quarter of the
circular portion of the town was vacated by order of the court of
common pleas, and Daniel Driesbach, director of the town,
was directed to convey to the said parties all the interest of
Pickaway county in said part of Circleville, for the consideration
of seven hundred and fifty dollars. The next day they filed
their plat in the recorder's office; and, on the thirtieth of the
same month, the director conveyed to them, by deed, the interest
of the county, as directed.
On the fifteenth of the following September, similar
steps were taken by the same parties, for squaring the northwest
quarter of the circle, receiving their deed from the county
October 4th, for the same consideration as above.
The process of building the town in the new form must
have gone on slowly; for after the steps taken (as described
above) for squaring the southeast and northwest quarters, eleven
years elapsed before anything was done toward squaring the
remainder of the circle. The parties at length undertaking
it were John Cradlebaugh, E. B. Olds, Francis Kinnear, and
others, known as "The Circleville Squaring company." After
they had made a satisfactory arrangement with the property holders
in the northeast quarter, they obtained a deed from the county for
its interest in the same, August 17, 1849, for seventy-five
dollars, and then proceeded to lay it out in lots of rectangular
form. Why the consideration was so much less than that paid
for each of the other two quarters, is not stated; but the
commissioners doubtless decided that that was all the purchasers
could afford to pay.
The squaring of the southwest quarter was undertaken by
W. W. Bierce alone. He secured an order from the
court for that purpose, and filed his plat in the recorder's
office, September 1, 1854, but did not obtain his deed until March
6, 1856. No mention is made of any consideration allowed for
it, and doubtless the price was merely nominal, sine it was from
this quarter that ground was reserved for the new court house.
It will thus be seen that it took eighteen years to
square the circle, even on paper; and how long it was after the
date of last deed, till the final change was made in the position
of the buildings and in the form of the lots, we are not informed.
The account of taking down the old court house, and the building
of the new, will be found elsewhere.
The grading of the streets and of building-lots has
gradually effaced every trace of the two ancient inclosures, with
a slight and solitary exception in regard to each. A short
distance in the rear of the court house is a deep hollow, which is
undoubtedly a remnant of the circular ditch, and at the southeast
corner of Franklin and Pickaway streets (as mentioned below) is a
piece of the square embankment, perhaps three or four rods in
length. With these two exceptions, every relic of those
celebrated works is lost.
The line of the two inclosures, as marked by existing
objects, is thus described in the Union-Herald of August 2,
1878, from which we have already quoted:
"The center of the circle
was the center of the square at the intersection of Court and Main
streets. The circle and square were joined, or rather the
gateway, as the opening between them was called, was in the street
a little west of the point where the alley crosses Main street as
the Central Presbyterian church. Starting at this point, the
ditch, which was the circumference of the circle, ran under a part
of the church, under the rear of Mr. Scovil's house,
curving around to McClaren's livery stable and Bauder's
carriage shop, crossing the street between Rauder's and the
Foresman corner and Pinckney street diagonally to T. K.
Brunner's, through the rear of the Jones lot, on West
Main street, through Jesse Ward's and the Tibbs
barber shop, through the Steele-Jones block, and the
Martin property, and diagonally to Jerome Wolfley's,
north of the court house, crossing to Mrs. Nightengale's
residence, through the Brubeck carriage shops, and
diagonally across Franklin street, to the rear of Ruggle's
lot. and through it to the beginning.
This circuit was the line of the ditch described above,
and which was full of water to a depth ranging from three to ten
feet. The banks were very steep, and only at a few places
was the ditch fordable. The embankment was overgrown with
immense trees, and so thickly covered with vines and bushes that
it was almost impenetrable. Here and there the cattle had
made trails down to the water and at these places horsemen
were in the habit of crossing, the path winding down sidewise.
Within the circle the growth of timber and bushes was quite dense.
We now go to the square, the limits of which we can not
so clearly define, but sufficiently so to give a fair idea.
The face next to the circle was on the line of the alley next to
the Central church, extending south to Franklin street (lower
side), and north to Watt street. The south line ran along
parallel with the south side of Franklin street, extending to a
point a few rods east of Washington street. The only remains
of the old embankment now visible is the elevated ground near
which the little cabin known as Mrs. White's house, stands,
at the corner of Pickaway and Franklin streets. The north
line ran along Watt street east from H. R. Heffner's
residence, a distance of fifty-five rods. The eastern
boundary running north and south, crossed Main street a little
east of Washington street, the old elm tree, well remembered by
many, which stood in the pavement, being just inside of the
embankment.
The people of Circleville are
indebted to Mr. G. F. Wittich (who came to this place, with
his parents, from Germany, in 1836) for the only pictorial
representation that was ever made of the old town. It is a
bird's eye view in water collors, painted mostly from memory, but
pronounced very accurate by all the old inhabitants.
Considering that Mr. Wittich never had any instruction, and
but very little practice, in drawing and painting, the work is
highly creditable to his taste and skill. It has been
lithographed, and doubtless, in coming times, copies of it will
possess an antiquarian interest and value. [See page 174.]
INCORPORATION OF THE CITY.
As already stated,
Circleville was laid out as the county seat of Pickaway county,
and a nucleus of the future city was formed early in the autumn of
1810; but it was not until more than four years after this time
that an act was passed by the legislature of the State, erecting
the youthful village into a town corporate. Of the growth of
the community, during this brief anti-municipal period, no records
remain. Its population, at the end of this period, can be
only a matter of conjecture; but as it appears to have had about
forth families at the start, if we allow it the same, as an annual
increase, for the next four years, it must have comprised, at the
time of its incorporation, about six, or seven hundred souls.
We have not been able to find any record of the
election held in accordance with an act passed by the legislature,
Dec. 24, 1814, authorizing an election to be held, nor can any of
the officers then elected. But in order to contrast the
machinery of the old town organization with that of the city to
which the corporation was afterwards changed, we append the names
of the officers elected under the old regime several years
later.
The town officers elected in 1830
were as follows:
Mayor (then properly called president), W. B. Thrall;
recorder, E. B. Olds; trustees, William McArthur,
George Crook, Joseph Olds, Jacob H. Lutz, and
Erastus Webb.
The organization formed in 1815 continued for
thirty-eight years; that is to say, until 1853, in which year, on
the twenty-first of March, the town council passed the following
resolution:
Resolved, That the
town of Circleville, by its council, does hereby determine and
elect to be classed as and to become a city of the second class,
under the provisions of the act of the general assembly of this
State, passed May 3, 1852, entitled "An act to provide for the
organization of cities and incorporate villages, and the act
amendatory thereto, passed March, 1853."
The city records, containing the
account of the election which was held in accordance with this:
resolution have (as it seems to us, with most strange and culpable
carelessness) been lost or destroyed. But we have been so
fortunate as to find a file of the Circleville Herald, from which
we learn that, on the fourth of April, 1853, the following
officers were elected under the new city organization:
Mayor, Z. R. Martin; treasurer, W. Baker; solicitor,
H. N. Hedges; marshal, S. Barncord; councilmen,
William Van Heyde, William Doane, W. W. Bierce,
and Allen Myers.
To show how much more complex the municipal government
has become since that time, we conclude our notice of the city
corporation with the following official directory of the city of
Circleville for 1879:
Mayor, I. P. Todd; marshal, Jacob Brown;
solicitor, J. Wheeler Lowe; civil engineer, C. C.
Neibling; street commissioner, Thomas Heiry.
Members of Council: First ward, James Brobeck, Michael
Hoover; second ward, C. A. Helwagen, Charles E. Groce;
third ward, Edward Smith, E. P. Strong; fourth ward,
Thomas Hamilton, Fred. Warner; fifth ward, George MAy,
George Krinn; president of council, Ed. Smith;
vice-president, C. A. Helwagen; clerk, R. P. Dreisbach;
treasurer, county treasurer. Standing Committees:
Streets, alleys and nuisances, James Brobeck, C. A.
Helwagen, E. P. Strong, Thomas Hamilton, Fred Warner; public
grounds and buildings, C. A. Helwagen, Thomas Hamilton, George
Krinn, Charles E. Groce; market house and markets, George
May, C. E. Groce, Fred. Warner, M. Hoover; fire department,
Charles E. Groce, James Brobeck, George Krinn, Thomas Hamilton;
claims, C. A. Helwagen, Thomas Hamilton, George Krinn, M.
Hoover; gas posts and lights, George May, Fred Warner,
George Krinn, E. P. Strong. Fire Department:
Chief engineer, W. H. Nicholas; first assistant, T. N.
Caskey; second assistant, Charles McLain; first
engineer, steamer Circleville, Louis F. Dresher; second
engineer, steamer Buckeye, Andrew Rudel; fireman,
William M. Todd. Board of Health: Mayor I. P. Todd,
president ex officio, Dr. E. D. Bowers,
George H. Fickardt, William E. Bolin, George Davenport, John
Boyer, William Doane. City Library Board:
Citizens, W. M. Anderson, W. B. Marfield, W. M. Drum;
members of council, Charles E. Groce, Charles A. Helwagen,
Michael Hoover.
Council meets the first and third Wednesdays of each
month.
<
CLICK HERE FOR
CIRCLEVILLE BIOGRAPHIES >
